CHARACTERIZATION 0F THE VIRUS CAUSING MOSAIC DISEASE IN BETELVINE
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Date
1990
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ANDHRA PRADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
Abstract
Mosaic disease of betelvine (Piper betle L.) was
characterized by mild vein clearing followed by inter-veinal
chlorosis resulting in typical mosaic . Leaf ro11 · · , distortions,
blistering with shortened internodes and stunted growth
were also found to be associated with the disease. The newly ,
emerging leaves became completely yellow with little leaf effect
in severe cases. Two or more viruses were found to be associated
with the disease. A virus producing local lesions on
Physalis minima (from the sap of mosaic affected betelvine
leaves) was isolated from betelvine affected with rrosaic under
field conditions. This virus produced typical disease symptoms
on betelvine as observed under field conditions except for
leaf rolling and little leaf effect.
The virus had a wider host range and was found to be
sap transmitted to 26 plant species/var. belongingbchenopodiaceae,
compositae, cruciferaceae, cucurbitaceae, euphorbiaceae,
legumineceae, malvaceae and solanaceae. Out of these plant
species/var. seven were found to produce local lesions.
Chlorotic local lesions were produced on Abelmoschus esculentus,
Dolichos lablab 'Local'; Dolichos lablab var. 'Walpapdee' and
Vigna sinensis var. '1?ue..barsati' and necrotic local lesions
were produced on Physalis minima, Vigna sinensis 'Local' and
Vigna sinensis var. 'Yard Long'. Among these Physalis minima
was found to be a good local lesion host as it produced many
sharp local lesions.
The physical properties of the virus wesestudied using
-P. minima as a local lesion host. It had a thermal inactivation
point between 40 and 50°C, dilution end point 10-4 (in the sap
oft• minima) and longevity .!.n vitro of 12 hat room temperatures
and 7 days at 4°C .
Electron microscopy using local lesions from E• minima
showed isometric virus particles having a diameter of approximately
25-30 nm.
The virus was readily transmitted through sap inoculation,
stem cuttings, leaf patch and bark graftings.
The virus infection was found to induce biochemical
changes in betelvine leaves resulting in reduction of chlorophyll
'a' by 56 per cent, chlorophyll 'b' by 66 per cent, total
chlorophyll by 69 per cent, reducing sugars by 16 per cent, nonreducing
sugars by 18 per cent, total sugars by 17 per cent and
starch by 20 per cent.
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