Effect of sowing dates on microclimate, growth and yield of wheat varieties
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UASD
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the "Effect of sowing dates on
microclimate, growth and yield of wheat varieties" on medium black soil at MARS, UAS,
Dharwad during rabi 2012-13 under protective irrigation laid out in split-plot design with
twelve treatment combinations, assigning sowing dates (D1: 43rd SMW; D2: 45th SMW; D3:
47th SMW and D4: 49th SMW) to main plots and varieties (V1: DWR-162; V2: UAS-304 and
V3: MACS-6222) to sub plots with three replications.
Significantly higher grain yield of wheat was obtained in early sown 43rd SMW
(40.89 q ha-1) compared to 47th (27.98 q ha-1) and 49th SMW (23.67 q ha-1) but on par with
45th SMW (36.77 q ha-1). Delayed sowing in 45th, 47th and 49th SMW recorded reduced grain
yield (10, 31 and 39 %, respectively) compared with 43rd SMW. The variety DWR-162
registered significantly higher grain yield (34.13 q ha-1) over MACS-6222 (29.54 q ha-1) but
on par with UAS-304 (33.14 q ha-1). Among the interactions, sowing of DWR-162 in 43rd
SMW recorded significantly higher grain yield (42.21 q ha-1), straw yield (75.57 q ha-1),
growth and yield components, net returns ( 87742 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.54).
Temperature had significant effect on growth and yield of wheat. Early sown wheat in
43rd SMW took more GDD (1897.5 ÂșC days) and duration (104 days) to attain maturity.
Delayed sowing in 45th, 47th and 49th SMW reduced the duration by 3, 13 and 15 days,
respectively compared to 43rd SMW. Also it had higher Light Absorption Ratio and NDVI
values at various phenophases compared to other sowing dates. The microclimatic parameters
viz., canopy temperature and Relative Humidity were highest at crop bottom but decreased
with height, being least at top of the canopy.
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