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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    OPTIMUM ALLOCATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF APPAPURAM CHANNEL COMMAND IN KRISHNA WESTERN DELTA
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) KISHAN, K; HEMA KUMAR, H.V.
    The sustainability of water resources is a critical issue against the backdrop of rising water demand for agricultural, industrial and domestic uses as the world needs about 60% more food (FAO, 2013) to feed the 9.5 billion people in 2050 (United Nations, 2012). The issue has become more challenging in the light of shrinking water resources due to urbanization, contamination, and climate change impacts. The Central Ground Water Board strongly emphasized and recommended conjunctive use of surface water and ground water should be followed not only to meet the requirements of tail-end areas but also to reduce the water logging and salinity problems. Appapuram channel (commands about 10,000 ha and is of 43.186 km length) is a Commamuru canal in Krishna Western Delta (KWD), flowing through agricultural fields of Chebrolu, Vatticherukuru and Kakumanu mandals of Guntur district is found to be appropriate as per its representative scope for conjunctive use planning. Hence this research study, titled “Optimum Allocation of Surface and Ground Water Resources of Appapuram Channel in Krishna Western Delta” is proposed on a pilot scale to fulfill the following objectives. i) To assess the surface water quality and quantity available in Appapuram channel command. ii) To estimate the ground water resources quality and quantity available in the channel command. iii) To estimate the irrigation water requirements of existing and other high value crops in the channel command using Aqua Crop model. iv) To optimize the use of surface and ground water resources using LINGO and other models to maximize the profit in the channel command. v) To study the institutional management and capacity building aspects for the successful implementation of identified conjunctive use planning. The command area of Appapuram channel, which branches form Commamuru branch canal (Krishna Western main canal) near Sangam Jagarlamudi lock is selected as the study area. It spreads over 10000 ha and is on an average 6 m above the mean sea level. Interaction meetings and interviews with the farmers, WUA members were conducted to collect the information regarding the cropping pattern, canal supplies, demand and short falls. Field visits were made to study the actual cropping pattern existing in the command. Though the crops like paddy, cotton, maize, chillies, black gram, and green gram and sugarcane are commonly grown in the area, for the past three years, farmers were growing paddy, in kharif and maize, blackgram in rabi seasons respectively. The model CROPWAT was run to calculate the effective rainfall which is an important parameter for calculating crop irrigation requirement. The canal water release data for 10 years (2005-2015) were collected from Water Resources Department at Bapatla in AP and analyzed for further investigation. The details of crops grown in the command, climate, soil data etc. collected are used to assess the net irrigation requirement in the distributary using Aqua Crop 4.0 Model. ‘LINGO’ model is chosen for the study for optimized allocation of to maximize the net profit. To summaries the results, For branche no.1,2,8 & 9, there is no feasibility of conjunctive use planning at present in view of saline ground water. For branch no. 3, 4, 5, 6,7 & 8 the profit could be increased when 40% and 50% additional ground water is pumped from the commands. Though different crops tried, the model allocated more area for chillies followed by rice and cotton in view of their high value and profit contribution. For branch No.1 of Appapuram canal, if 100% and 90% of surface water alone is utilized, a profit of Rs. 59.35lakh and Rs.53.41 lakh respectively could be obtained. For branch No. 2 of the canal, if 100% surface water alone is used, a maximum profit of Rs. 175.54 lakh rupees could be obtained. For branch No.3 if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized, a profit of Rs. 125.87 Rs.169.46, 191.25 and 213.05 lakh could be obtained respectively. For branch No.4, if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit of Rs. 37.37, 50.02, 56.77, 63.23 and 69.71 lakh could be obtained respectively. For branch No.5, if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit of Rs. 106.37, 143.20, 161.60, 180.02, and 198.43 lakh respectively could be obtained respectively. For branch No.6, if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit of Rs. 130.45, 175.64, 198.22, 220.79, and 243.38lakh respectively could be obtained respectively. For branch No.7, if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit of Rs. 18.925, 34.32, 48.577 and 62.17 lakh respectively could be obtained respectively. For branch No.8 if 100% of surface water alone is utilized, a profit of Rs. 35.355lakh respectively could be obtained. For branch No.9, if 100% of surface water alone is utilized, a profit of Rs. 29.47 lakh respectively could be obtained. As per the survey conducted in the entire command, it lacks the involvement of institutes particularly in conjunctive use of surface and ground water resources. There is lot of gap and capacity building is highly essential for the line departments and farmers in formulating and for the successful implementation of the conjunctive use plans. From the above study, it could be concluded that an additional benefit of Rs. 5000- 8000/-/per ha could be foreseen if conjunctive use plans of surface and ground water are implemented in the command.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CONJUCTIVE USE PLANNING OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF A DISTRIBUTORY IN KRISHNA WESTERN DELTA
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2014) KISHAN, K; Dr. H.V. HEMA KUMAR
    Agriculture sector in Andhra Pradesh uses more than 95% of harnessed water resources. Conjunctive water management is the coordinated use of available surface water and groundwater supplies to meet water demands and increase water supply reliability. Development of a conjunctive management plan is complex and includes consideration of surface water and groundwater hydrology, water demand characteristics, water quality, surface and underground storage capacities, conveyance capacity, capital and operation & maintenance costs, and organization capabilities. During wet years, when more surface water is available, surface water is to be stored underground by recharging the aquifers with surplus surface water. Modernization of existing irrigation projects and construction of new projects have been taken up on massive scale in Andhra Pradesh with a huge financial outlay of Rs. 1.86 lakh crores (Rao, 2007). While planning conjunctive use of water resources of any region, it is necessary to accurately estimate demands of different sectors, more importantly the crop water demands, availability of surface and ground water. It is reported that more than 80% of the water resource potential created in India goes for irrigating agricultural lands and the overall water use efficiencies are as low as 30% in some of the irrigation projects. Hence there is ample scope for utilization of groundwater in the delta provided, if it is blended with available surface water to achieve an acceptable quality primarily for agricultural use. Hence an off take command of commamur canal of KWD by name Tungabhadra Side Channel is chosen for the present research to fulfill the following proposed objectives. i) Mapping of type and number of wells present and estimation of annual pumping volumes ii) Estimation of Irrigation water requirements at distributory level by considering crop water requirements and effective rainfall.iii) To prepare conjunctive use plans for effective management of surface and ground water resources. The components of the conjunctive use model includes; determination of reference evapotranspiration, effective rainfall from meteorological and rainfall data, estimation of crop water requirement from soil plant data, canal water availability from canal release data, groundwater availability from groundwater data, groundwater balance, crop benefits and a linear programming model for conjunctive use optimization. The model was tested by taking an irrigation command as a study area, where groundwater utilization was hitherto neglected despite District Ground Water Board recommendations. A minimum distance 400 to 500m is found between two irrigation wells in the canal command. There is wide scope for exploration of ground water resources which in accordance with Central Ground Water Board’s recommendations. The water table is very close to the ground during September to January months. The maximum drawdown is found to be 4.5 m during 2005 and in July month. The total irrigation water requirement of paddy, maize, blackgram and chilli crops as calculated by CROPWAT are 274.3 mm, 343.8mm, 238.4mm and 388.7 mm respectively. But in practice, the water applied to the crop will be more than the actual irrigation water requirement. Hence for solving the linear programming model, to be more practical, the values of crop water requirements were taken in to consideration by ignoring the effective rainfall component. The crop water requirements for paddy, maize, blackgram and chilies were worked out to be 801.72mm, 639.77mm, 554mm, and 794mm respectively. By adding nursery and land preparation to the crop water requirement along with application losses, in practice, flooded paddy requires an amount of 1100 mm of water for its entire crop period. In the command, Dry Seeding and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) cultivation is being strongly recommended and many farmers are slowly getting attracted. Hence the water requirement for paddy is considered for the LP model as the crop water requirement value as obtained in the above Table which is in accordance with the average value of 800-900mm for paddy cultivation under SRI. The linear programming model was run for eight hypothetical scenarios, i) 100 % surface water + 100 % ground water ii) 100% surface water only iii) 90% surface +100% ground water iv) 90% surface water only v) 80% surface water + 100% ground water, vi) 80% surface water only vii) 70% surface water + 100 % ground water, viii) 70% surface water only were assumed for running the LP model. In all the scenarios, the model had neglected and given no area allocation for blackgram and maize crops satisfying the given constraints. Out of all the eight hypothetical scenarios assumed, it is found a reduction of 7%, 14.5% and 21% in net profit and area under production while using 90%, 80%, 70% of surface water respectively when conjunctively used with ground water in the command area as against first scenario (100% surface and 100% ground water). Out of all the eight hypothetical scenarios assumed, it is found a reduction of 35%, 44% and 50 % in net profit and area under production while using 90%, 80%, 70% of surface water resources alone, respectively as against the first scenario (100% surface and 100% ground water). This type of exercise would enable one to plan for crop shifts under extreme situations of reduction of canal flows.