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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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2018 - 201925
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Subject: Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2018 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF POTASSIUsM SOLUBILISING BACTERIA ON POTASSIUM DYNAMICS AND YIELD OF SWEET CORN
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) BLESSY SUSANNA, KADARI; PRASAD, P. R.K.
    A field experiment entitled “Influence of potassium solubilising bacteria on potassium dynamics and yield of sweet corn” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla using sweet corn hybrid Sugar-75 as a test crop. The experiment comprised of 8 treatments viz., T1 : Control ( No K), T2 : 100% RDK, T3 : 75% RDK, T4 :50% RDK, T5: 100% RDK+KSB, T6 : 75% RDK+KSB , T7 : 50 % RDK+KSB, T8 : KSB (where N, P and FYM were applied to all the treatments as per recommended dose) laid out in completely randomized block design and replicated thrice. The experimental soil was non saline and neutral in soil reaction, medium in organic carbon (0.51%), low in available nitrogen (158 kg ha-1) and high in available P2O5 (64 kg ha-1)and sufficient in sulphur and micronutrients. The soil was sandy loam in texture with a bulk density of 1.41 Mg m-3 and water holding capacity of 38.7 per cent. Along with inorganic potassium fertilizer levels KSB was also added to the soil. The available nutrient status of soil under sweet corn cultivation showed improvement with level of potassium fertilizer in combination with KSB significantly with N, P, S and Fe but non-significantly with Zn, Cu and Mn. The influence of K-Fertilization and KSB also showed remarkable effects on the potassium dynamics in the soil. The solution K and exchangeable K which is readily available in the soil varied significantly and more amount was xvi present in treatment where K fertilizer and KSB was applied, the decrease in the WS-K was observed from kneehigh to harvest stage. The slowly available or non-exchangeable K also decreased with the stages of crop growth and highest was recorded in the treatment where more inorganic fertilizers (100% RDK) was applied. The total K content in the soil was not significantly affected with or without the application KSB. All the treatments are on par with each other, slight decreasing trend was observed with the age of the crop. With respect to the biological properities (microbial count and enzymatic activity) it was clearly observed that with K-fertilization and KSB in combination significantly increased in all the treatments. Due to increased K levels along with KSB in T5 (100%RDK+KSB) both concentration and uptake of nutrients in sweet corn were improved significantly among all the treatments at three different stages of crop growth. The growth parameters (plant height and dry matter accumulation), yield (kernel and stover) and yield attributes (number of kernels per cob and 100 kernel weight) of sweet corn were better with increasing levels of potassium fertilizer and KSB. It is clear that combined application was effective than alone application. The quality parameters (protein and starch content) in sweet corn was markedly and positively influenced by K and KSB treatments at all the three stages of the crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT IN DIRECT SOWN RICE IN SANDY CLAY SOIL
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) GUDARANKAIAH, UPPALA; BHARGAVA RAMI REDDY, Ch
    A field experiment entitled “Phosphorus management in direct sown rice in sandy clay soil” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif, 2018. The experimental soil was sandy clay in texture, neutral in reaction and non-saline. The soil was low in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus, high in available potassium and sufficient in all available divalent cationic micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu). The experiment was laid out in RBD with eight treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of T1- ( NO P ), T2 - 100% Recommended Dose of Phosphorus (RDP), T3 - 100% RDP +Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria (PSB), T4 - 100% RDP + Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM), T5 - 75% RDP + PSB, T6 75% RDP + VAM, T7 - 50% RDP + PSB, T8 -50% RDP + VAM. Well decomposed farmyard manure @ 5 t ha-1was applied to the field as per recommended dose one week before sowing. A common dose of nitrogen @ 180 kg ha-1 was applied in the form of urea in three equal splits i.e 1/3 as basal, 1/3 at active tillering and 1/3 at panicle initiation stage. Phosphorus in the form of single super phosphate was applied as per the treatments as basal just before sowing. A common dose of 40 kg K2O ha-1was applied as muriate of potash, in two equal splits as half at basal and half at panicle initiation stage by taking the plot size into consideration.Biofertilizers (PSB, VAM) were mixed separately with FYM and kept in shade for 3 days and then by ensuring the presence of optimum soil moisture, FYM mixed biofertilizers viz., PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 and VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1 were applied at 3 DAS separately. The influence of various treatments on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, soil properties physical, physico-chemical properties, available nutrients, microbial population and enzymatic activity nutrient content and uptake at different stages were determined by standard procedures. The soil properties viz., pH, EC, OC, CEC, PBS were not significantly influenced by the imposed treatments, There was not significant influence of the treatments on available nitrogen and potassiumbut there was a significant influence of the treatments on available phosphorus. Among the micronutrients the treatmental influence was significant on Zn and Fe while Mn and Cu were not significantly influenced. The available phosphorus, zinc and iron content was markedly influenced by the application of phosphorus along with biofertilizers at all the crop growth stages. There was a significant improvement in the yield attributes, grain and straw yield of direct sown rice with application of 100% RDP + Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (T4) and it was on a par with the treatment T3. The nutrient content (N, P and S) of direct sown rice at tillering, panicle initiation and harvest was significantly higher by the treatment that received 100% RDP + Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (T4) and it was on par with T3. The Zn content was significantly higher by the treatment T1 (NO P) and it was lowest with T2. The nutrient content of K, Mn and Cu of direct sown rice at tillering, panicle initiation and harvest was not significantly influenced by the treatments while Fe content at tillering and panicle initiation was not significantly influenced by the treatments but the Fe at harvest was significantly influenced by the treatment that received from (NO P) (T1) and it was lowest in T2. Uptake of nutrients like N, P, S, Cu and Mn at tillering, panicle initiation and at harvest was markedly higher by the treatment received 100% RDP + Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (T4) and it was on par with T3. While, lower values were recorded with T1 (NO P). While the potassium uptake at harvest stage was significantly higher by the treatment received 100% RDP + Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (T4) and it was on par with T3 and the zinc uptake at tillering stage was significantly increased in the treatment (T4). The uptake of Feat tillering, panicle initiation and at harvest was not significantly influenced by the treatments. Application of phosphorus along with bio fertilizers showed significant influence on microbial population. Fungal population was significantly increased with application of 100% RDP + Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM). While the bacterial and actinomycetes population was significantly increased with application of 100% RDP + Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria (PSB). Enzymatic activities like dehydrogenase and urease activity at tillering, panicle initiation and at harvest was not significantly influenced by the treatments while acid and alkaline phosphatase activity at tillering, panicle initiation and at harvest was significantly influenced by treatment which received 100% RDP + Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (T4) and it was on par with T3. While, lower values were recorded with T1 (NO P).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF BIOCHAR ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF GROUNDNUT IN RED SANDY LOAMS OF NORTH COASTAL ANDHRA PRADESH
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) GOWTHAMI, BENDALAM; GURUMURTHY, P
    A field and laboratory study entitled “Effect of biochar on soil properties and performance of groundnut in red sandy loams of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Naira during rabi, 201819 using biochar and inorganic fertilizers at various rates of application. The experiment comprised of eight treatments viz., Control treatment (without biochar and inorganic fertilizers) (T1); 100% RDF (T2); 100% RDF + biochar @ 2 t ha-1 (T3); 100 % RDF + biochar @ 4 t ha-1 (T4); 100 % RDF + biochar @ 6 t ha-1 (T5); 75% RDF + biochar @ 2 t ha-1 (T6); 75 % RDF + biochar @ 4 t ha-1 (T7); 75% RDF + biochar @ 6 t ha-1 (T8) was laid out in RBD and replicated thrice. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture, neutral in reaction, non- saline, low in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and potassium and sufficient in available sulphur. Zn, Cu, Fe & Mn were sufficient in the soil with values above their critical limits. The soil had a bulk density of 1.61 Mg m-3. The biochar was prepared by subjecting mesta (fibre crop) sticks to low heat (300- 3500C) pyrolysis in biochar kiln. The properties of biochar viz., bulk density of 0.41 Mg m-3, porosity of 40.05%, maximum water holding capacity of 42.39%, pH of 8.38, EC of 1.39 dSm-1, CEC of 54.56 cmol (p+) kg-1 soil, organic carbon content of 35.04 %, and nutrients include, nitrogen (0.09%), phosphorus (0.16%), potassium (0.33%), sulphur (0.10%), zinc (26.12 ppm), iron (28.55 ppm), manganese (7.98 ppm) and copper (2.39 ppm). Biochar at various rates @ 2t ha-1, 4 t ha-1 and 6 t ha-1 was applied to the respective plots one week before sowing. Nitrogen was applied in the form of urea at different levels as per the treatments in 2 splits (at basal dose and at 30 Name of the Author : B. GOWTHAMI Title of thesis : “Effect of biochar on soil properties and performance of groundnut in red sandy loams of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh" Degree to which it is submitted : Master of Science in Agriculture Faculty : AGRICULTURE Major field of study : SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY Major Advisor : Dr. P. GURUMURTHY University : Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University Year of submission : 2019 xvii DAS). Entire phosphorus and potassium was applied as basal dose in the form of SSP and MOP. The effect of biochar on soil properties and performance of groundnut at different stages was determined by following standard procedures. Significant reduction in soil bulk density was observed at higher application rates of biochar (6 t ha-1). Significant increase in porosity and maximum water holding capacity was noticed in the biochar applied treatments. The physico-chemical properties like pH, CEC were significantly increased with biochar application. The available N, P2O5, K2O were high in 100% RDF and biochar applied treatments (T2, T3, T4, T5) than in 75% RDF and biochar applied treatments (T6, T7, T8). However, the influence of treatments on soil available sulphur and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu) was not significant. Soil microbial population (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) and soil enzymes (urease, dehydrogeanse, acid and alkaline phosphatase) was significantly superior in biochar added treatments. Dry matter accumulation, growth parameters, yield parameters were highest in treatment received 100% RDF + biochar @ 6 t ha-1 (T5) which was on par with T4, T3 and T8. The lowest corresponding yield parameters and yield were recorded in control (T1). Groundnut pod yield was highest (4019 kg ha-1) in T5 treatment received 100% RDF + biochar @ 6 t ha-1, which was on par with T4 (100% RDF + biochar @ 6 t ha-1) and T8 (75% RDF + biochar @ 6 t ha-1). The N, P, K concentration and their uptake by the plants was significantly higher in 100% RDF + biochar applied treatments (T2, T3, T4, T5) compared to the control (T1). Micronutrient concentrations (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu) were not significantly influenced by biochar applied treatments but slight reduction at higher application rates of biochar was observed. Significant increase in uptake of micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu) was noticed due to increased dry matter production. The application of biochar @ 4, 6 t ha-1 + 100% RDF (T4 & T5) and biochar @ 6 t ha-1 + 75% RDF (T8) favourably improved soil properties, nutrient uptake, yield attributes and yield of groundnut.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON SOIL HEALTH, GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) VENKATESWARARAO, GADDE; SUJANI RAO, Ch
    A field experiment entitled “Effect of organic manures and inorganic phosphorus fertilizers on soil health, growth and yield of chickpea" was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla using variety JG-11. The experimental soil was clayey in texture, moderately alkaline in soil reaction, medium in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, medium in available P2O5, high in avalable K2O and sufficient in sulphur and micro nutrients. The experiment comprises of 10 treatments viz., T1 – Control (No P fertilizer); T2 – 100% RDP through inorganic sources; T3 – 75% RDP through inorganic sources; T4 – 75% RDP (through inorganic) + 25% P through BGD (Biogas digest); T5 – 50% RDP (through inorganic) + 50% P through BGD (Biogas digest); T6 – 100% RDP (through inorganic) + Microbial Consortium; T7 – 75% RDP (through inorganic) + Microbial Consortium; T8 – 50% RDP (through inorganic) + Microbial Consortium; T9 – 100% RDP through BGD; T10– 100% RDP through BGD + Microbial Consortium laid out in randomized block design (RBD) and replicated thrice. Biogas digest was applied 3 days before sowing. Nitrogen in the form of urea, phosphorus in the form of SSP and sulphur in the form of elemental sulphur was applied after calculating their amounts supplied through BGD. Urea was applied in two splits and remaining fertilizers were applied as basal doses. Microbial Consortium included Rhizobium, PSB and KSB and chickpea seed was treated with Rhizobium @ 5-6 ml kg-1. PSB and KSB were applied by mixing them with soil. xv The influence of various treatments on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, quality parameters, nutrient content and uptake and soil properties (physico-chemical, available nutrients and biological) were determined by standard procedures at different stages. The soil properties viz., pH, EC, CEC & PBS were not markedly influenced by the imposed treatments, while significantly higher organic carbon content was recorded BGD treated plots. There was a significant influence of the treatments on available nitrogen, phosphorus and non-significant influence on available potassium and sulphur. Among micronutrients, Fe, Cu and Mn were not significantly influenced by the imposed treatments while the treatmental influence was significant in zinc. Soil biological properties were markedly influenced by the treatments and recorded highest for microbial population and enzymatic activity in treatment which received 100% RDP through BGD + microbial consortium. Highest plant height, dry matter production, yield attributes and yield were recorded by the treatment that received 100% RDP through BGD + microbial consortium followed by 100% RDP through BGD. Quality parameter viz., protein content was significantly influenced by imposed treatments. The concentration of macro and micro nutrients were calculated at vegetative, in seed and haulm was influenced by the imposed treatments and recorded higher values in treatment which received 100% RDP through BGD + microbial consortium followed by treatment which received 100% RDP through BGD. The uptake of macro and micronutrients at vegetative, in seed and haulm were significantly influenced by the treatments with maximum values recorded in the treatment that received 100% RDP through BGD + microbial consortium which was on par with treatment that received 100% RDP through BGD except for phosphorus where the treatment which received 100% RDP through BGD + microbial consortium recorded significantly superior value over all other treatments and minimum values recorded by the treatment T1 that received no P fertilizer.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DYNAMICS OF SOIL POTASSIUM UNDER DIFFERENT CROPPING SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN ZONE OF A.P.
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) CHARANKUMAR, G.R.; MUNASWAMY, V
    Present investigation was carried out to study “Dynamics of soil potassium under different cropping systems in Southern Zone of A.P.” Soil samples were collected from five locations in prominent cropping systems at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth from three districts of Southern Zone of Andhra Pradesh. The soils of study area were light in texture and ranged from sandy loam to clay. Soils of Chittoor district were acidic to alkaline in reaction, while soils of Y.S.R Kadapa and S.P.S.R Nellore district were near neutral to alkaline in nature. Soils from three districts were non-saline with respect to soluble salt content. In Chittoor district, the highest available K was recorded under groundnut + redgram intercropping system (139.30 mg kg-1) in surface soils, while in subsurface soils under groundnut monocropping system (100.70 mg kg-1). Highest water soluble K in surface soils was recorded under bajra-groundnut cropping system (41.20 mg kg-1), while in sub-surface soils under groundnut + redgram intercropping system (25.85 mg kg-1). Highest exchangeable K was recorded under groundnut monocropping system in surface soils (111.80 mg kg-1) and subsurface soils (81.20 mg kg-1). Highest non-exchangeable K in surface soils was recorded under paddy-groundnut cropping system (581.55 mg kg-1), while in sub-surface under bajra-groundnut cropping system (495.90 mg kg-1). Highest mean lattice K and total K were recorded under redgram monocropping system in surface soils (42529.80 mg kg-1 and 42990 mg kg-1, respectively), while in sub-surface soils under groundnut+redgram intercropping system (38496.60 mg kg-1 and 38970 mg kg-1, respectively). xiii In Y.S.R Kadapa district, highest available K was recorded under paddypaddy cropping sequence at both surface (282.80 mg kg-1) and sub-surface soils (160.90 mg kg-1). Highest water soluble K was recorded under groundnutgroundnut cropping sequence at both surface (43.30 mg kg-1) and sub-surface (17.25 mg kg-1) layers. Highest exchangeable K was recorded under paddy-paddy cropping sequence in both surface (254.10 mg kg-1) and sub-surface (144.05 mg kg-1) layers. Highest non-exchangeable K was recorded under fallowbengalgram cropping sequence (970.35 mg kg-1) in surface soils, while in subsurface soils under paddy-paddy cropping sequence (623.00 mg kg-1). Highest lattice K and total K were recorded under groundnut-groundnut cropping sequence (23326.60 mg kg-1 and 24190 mg kg-1, respectively) in surface soils, while in sub-surface soils under groundnut monocropping sequence (35828.20 mg kg-1 and 33330 mg kg-1, respectively). In S.P.S.R Nellore district, highest available K was under groundnutpaddy cropping sequence (278.85 mg kg-1) in surface soils, while in sub-surface soils under fallow-blackgram cropping sequence (175.50 mg kg-1). Highest water soluble K was recorded under paddy-paddy cropping sequence both in surface (38.35 mg kg-1) and sub-surface soils (28.15 mg kg-1). Highest exchangeable K was recorded under groundnut-paddy cropping sequence (256.05 mg kg-1) in surface soils, while in sub-surface soils under fallow-blackgram cropping sequence (161.50 mg kg-1). Highest non-exchangeable K was recorded under groundnut-paddy cropping sequence at both surface (672.95 mg kg-1) and subsurface soils (696.30 mg kg-1). Highest lattice K and total K were recorded under paddy-paddy cropping sequence at both surface (33370.60 mg kg-1 and 33950 mg kg-1, respectively) and sub-surface soils (20383.50 mg kg-1 and 20910 mg kg-1, respectively). In Chittoor district, available K of surface soils was highly and significantly correlated with water soluble K (r = 0.779**), exchangeable K (r = 0.963**) and non-exchangeable K (r = 0.837**). In sub-surface soils available K was highly and significantly correlated with water soluble K (r = 0.541**) and exchangeable K (r = 0.963**). In Y.S.R Kadapa district, available K of surface soils was highly and significantly correlated with exchangeable K (r = 0.987**) and nonexchangeable K (r = 0.791**). In sub-surface soils available K was highly and significantly correlated with exchangeable K (r = 0.766**) and nonexchangeable K (r = 0.943**). In S.P.S.R Nellore district, available K of surface soils was highly and significantly correlated with exchangeable K (r = 0.990**) and nonexchangeable K (r = 0.875**). In sub-surface soils available K was highly and significantly correlated with exchangeable K (r = 0.982**). In all the three districts high degree of correlation was observed among lattice K and total K at both surface and sub-surface soils.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INTEGRATED PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT IN BLACKGRAM
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) CHARISHMA, NETHALA; SUDHA RANI, Y
    A field experiment entitled “Integrated phosphorus management in blackgram” was conducted during kharif, 2017 on sandy clay loam soil of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla with a view to study the influence of integrated use of inorganic and organic phosphorus on soil properties (physical, physico- chemical and chemical properties) and performance of blackgram (PU 31) in terms of yield, nutrient content and uptake. The experiment was laid out in RBD with eight treatments replicated thrice. Well decomposed farmyard manure @ 5 t ha-1was applied to the field as per recommended dose one week before sowing. The inorganic nitrogen through urea was applied in 2 splits (as basal and at flowering) equally to all treatments i.e.T2 to T8 except control (T1). Entire quantity of P2O5 in the form of SSP was applied according to the treatments as basal application one day before sowing. K2O in the form of MOP was applied to all the treatments as basal dose at the time of sowing. (Recommended dose of fertilizers was 25-50-25 kg N- P2O5 - K2O kg ha-1). The influence of various treatments on soil properties (physical, physicochemical and chemical properties), nutrient contents and uptake, growth parameters, and yield of blackgram were determined by following standard procedures. The soil properties viz., bulk density, water holding capacity, pH, EC, cation exchange capacity, per cent base saturation and contents of copper and manganese were not significantly influenced by the imposed treatments. There was a significant influence of the treatments on available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and contents of iron and zinc. The soil available nutrient content was markedly influenced by the application of phosphorus along with PSB and FYM at all the crop growth stages. The xiv highest available phosphorus was observed in T5 (RDNK + 75% RDP + PSB + FYM @ 5 t ha-1), whereas, the maximum available nitrogen and potassium was observed in T4 (RDNK + 75% RDP + FYM @ 5 t ha-1). The phosphorus content of blackgram at flowering and at harvest was markedly influenced by the treatment supplied with T5 (RDNK + 75% RDP + PSB + FYM @ 5 t ha-1). The effect of treatments on other nutrients was non-significant.The uptake of available macro and micro nutrients at flowering and at harvest was significantly influenced by the treatment T5 (RDNK + 75% RDP + PSB + FYM @ 5 t ha-1) which was comparable with T8 (RDNK + 50 % RDP + PSB + FYM @ 5 t ha-1). The performance of blackgram in terms of grain and haulm yield was significantly influenced by the imposed treatments. The treatment supplied with RDNK + 75% RDP + PSB + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 (T5) recorded maximum grain and haulm yield and it was followed by treatment supplied with RDNK + 50% RDP + PSB + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 (T8). From the present study, it can be concluded that under sandy clay loam soils of Bapatla, application of RDNK + 75% RDP + PSB + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 was proved to be highly beneficial in improving soil properties and comparable grain and haulm yields of blackgram.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE SOIL PHOSPHORUS STATUS AND PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS UNDER DIFFERENT CROPPING SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN ZONE OF A.P.
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) SURYA KRISHNA, G.K; GIRIDHARA KRISHNA, T
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on the soil phosphorus status and phosphorus fractions under different cropping systems in Southern Zone of A.P.” was conducted to study the physico-chemical properties of soils, status of available P2O5 and different forms of P collected under different crops/cropping system in Southern Zone of A.P. (Chittoor, Y.S.R. Kadapa and S.P.S.R. Nellore districts). Five soil samples from each crop / cropping system at 0-15 cm depth were collected. In non-calcareous soils of Chittoor district, the highest mean pH (6.61) value was recorded in groundnut+redgram cropping system, whereas, in calcareous soils, it was highest (7.92) in paddy-groundnut cropping system. In calcareous soils of Y.S.R. Kadapa district, the highest pH (8.36) mean value was recorded in groundnut monocropping system whereas, in calcareous soils of S.P.S.R. Nellore district, it was highest (8.18) in fallow-blackgram system. In all the districts, the electrical conductivity (EC) measured was nonsaline and below the critical limits. In non-calcareous soils of Chittoor district, the highest free CaCO3 mean value (4.9%) was recorded in groundnut+redgram system and in calcareous soils, it was highest (6.8%) in bajra-groundnut system. In calcareous soils of Y.S.R. Kadapa district, the highest CaCO3 mean value (11.8%) was recorded in groundnut monocropping system, whereas, in calcareous soils of S.P.S.R. Nellore district it was highest in fallowbengalgram system (15.2%). In non-calcareous soils of Chittoor district, the highest mean values for available P2O5 (189.66 kg ha-1), saloid P (16.35 mg kg-1), Fe-P (50.24 mg xiii kg-1) were obtained in groundnut monocropping system and Al-P (40.71 mg kg-1) , total-P (574.07 mg kg-1), Ca-P (39.56 mg kg-1) and other forms of P (434.86 mg kg-1) was obtained in groundnut+redgram cropping system. In calcareous soils of Chittoor district, the highest mean values for saloid-P (28.28 mg kg-1), Fe-P (50.68 mg kg-1), total-P (490.28 mg kg-1) and other forms of P (406.44 mg kg-1) were recorded in sugarcane monocropping system and available P2O5 (113.57 kg ha-1) and Ca-P (108.26 mg kg-1) were recorded in bajra-groundnut cropping system. In calcareous soils of Y.S.R. Kadapa district, the highest mean values for available P2O5 (182.41 kg ha-1), Al-P (80.82 mg kg-1), Ca-P (118.55 mg kg-1) and total-P (434.35 mg kg-1) were recorded in groundnut monocropping system whereas for saloid P (23.01 mg kg-1), Fe-P (69.82 mg kg-1) and other forms of P (228.35 mg kg-1) the highest mean values were obtained in sunflower-sesame, groundnut-groundnut and fallow-bengalgram cropping systems, respectively. In calcareous soils of S.P.S.R. Nellore district, the highest mean values for saloid P (16.67 mg kg-1), total-P (538.21 mg kg-1) and other forms of P (342.07 mg kg-1) were recorded in groundnut-paddy cropping system and FeP (68.77 mg kg-1) and Al-P (61.85 mg kg-1) were highest in paddy-paddy cropping system, whereas available P2O5 (166.82 kg ha-1) and Ca-P (173.15 mg kg-1) were highest in groundnut-paddy and fallow-bengalgram systems, respectively. In non-calcareous soils of Chittoor district, pH showed positive significant correlation with all the P fractions. Under all the cropping systems, all forms of P had positive and significant correlation with EC. Free CaCO3 showed positive and significant relation with Ca-P (r= 0.539*). Available P2O5 showed highly significant and positive correlation with saloid-P (r= 0.781**), Al-P (r= 0.809**), Fe-P (r= 0.611**) and Ca-P (r= 0.709**). Whereas saloid-P showed significant and positive correlation with Fe-P (r= 0.694**) and Al-P (r= 0.749**), Fe-P showed positive and significant correlation with Ca-P (r= 0.747**), and Al-P showed positive and significant relation with total-P (0.627**). Free CaCO3 showed positive and significant correlation with saloid-P (r= 0.601**) and Ca-P (r= 0.603**) in calcareous soils of Chittoor district. Available P2O5 showed positive and significant correlation with Al-P (0.571*) and Ca-P (0.523*), whereas, saloid-P showed significant and positive correlation with Fe-P (r= 0.725**) and total-P (r= 0.734**), Fe-P showed positive and significant correlated with total-P (r= 0.959**) and other forms of P (r= 0.958**). Total-P showed positive and significant relation with other forms of P (r= 0.974**). In calcareous soils of Y.S.R. Kadapa district, pH showed positive and significant correlation with other forms of P (r= 0.413*), available P2O5 showed positive and significant correlation with Al-P (r= 0.893**), Fe-P (r= 0.823**), Ca-P (r= 0.766**) and total-P (r= 0.651**). Al-P showed positive and significant correlation with Fe-P (r= 0.916**), Ca-P (r= 0.473*) and total-P (r= 0.554**) whereas Fe-P showed significant and positive xiv correlation with Ca-P (r= 0.543**) and total-P (r= 0.643**). Ca-P showed positive and significant correlation with total-P (r= 0.705**), total-P showed positive and significant relation with other forms of P (r= 0.790**). pH showed positive and significant relation with total-P (r= 0.507**) and other forms of P (r= 0.573**) where as free CaCO3 showed positive and significant correlation with Ca-P (r= 0.432*) in calcareous soils of S.P.S.R. Nellore district. Available P2O5 showed positive and significant correlation with saloid-P (r= 0.456*), Al-P (r= 0.765**) and Fe-P (r= 0.559**), saloid-P showed significant and positive correlation with total-P (r= 0.477*) and other forms of P (r= 0.510**). Al-P showed positive and significant correlation with Fe-P (r= 0.885**). Similarly, Ca-P showed positive and significant relation with total-P (r= 0.418*).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENERATION OF SPATIAL FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATION MAPS OF NETHAKUPPAM WATERSHED USING RS AND GIS
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) RAJESWARI, B; VENKATA RAM MUNI REDDY, P
    A study was undertaken to assess the soil fertility status, delineate the spatial variability of soil fertility status in order to suggest spatial fertilizer recommendation for Nethakuppam watershed of Ramachandrapuram mandal in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh state using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Composite surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected across the Nethakuppam watershed using Arc map software with the grid size of 10ha. The GPS data at each sample location was recorded. Ground truth analysis indicated that soils of the study area are slightly acidic to strongly alkaline with safe EC range. The available nitrogen content of the soils varied from 25-201kg ha-1, with a mean value of 75 kg ha-1 and standard deviation of 28 with CV of 37 per cent. The available phosphorus status in soils was medium to high and ranged from 16-245 kg ha-1, with a mean value of 62 kg ha-1 and standard deviation of 37 with CV of 59 per cent. The available potassium content in soils of Nethakuppam watershed ranged from 243 to 845 kg ha-1, with a mean value of 388 kg ha-1 with standard deviation of 91 and CV of 24 per cent, the available manganese, copper, sulphur and magnesium content showed much variation with high coefficient of variation. Soils vary across fields and within the fields. It can be inferred that when average content of micronutrients is observed, soils exhibit sufficient status of micronutrients but the coefficient of variation for available Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn is 71, 90, 92, 65 per cent respectively. The larger CV depicts that within a watershed there is much variation in the micronutrient status, proving that soil fertility is not homogeneous. Spatial variability of soil properties was studied and maps were generated using geo-statistics. In the present study the variability is observed in case of all the nutrients under study with more variation in manganese followed by copper, sulphur, magnesium, iron and zinc. The soil site suitability maps for rice, sugarcane and groundnut delineate the areas in to suitable and not suitable which could be utilized for selecting the proper cropping pattern at local level. Suitability analysis of rice crop in study area indicated 92 ha is highly suitable (S1), 648 ha is moderately suitable (S2) and 1508 ha is marginally suitable (S3). The remaining area of 23 ha is having severe limitations that preclude the growing of rice making it not suitable (N). Suitability analysis of sugarcane crop in Nethakuppam watershed indicated that about 880 ha is highly suitable (S1), 1386 ha is moderately suitable (S2). Suitability analysis of groundnut crop in Nethakuppam indicated that about 1713 ha is highly suitable (S1), 526 ha is moderately suitable (S2) and the remaining area of 23 ha is marginally suitable (S3). Site specific fertilizer recommendations for rice, sugarcane and ground nut in Nethakuppam watershed are made utilizing the thematic maps of spatial variability of N, P and K status. The recommended doses of nitrogen for rice crop is 73, 82, 91 and 101 kg ha-1, recommended doses of phosphorus are 8, 18, 45, 54, 64, 73, 82 and 91 kg ha-1 and the recommended doses of potassium are 5, 15, 25 and 35 kg ha-1. The recommended doses of nitrogen for sugarcane crop is 138, 190, 242 and 294 kg ha-1, recommended doses of phosphorus are 30, 47, 54, 84. 113 and 141 kg ha-1 and the recommended doses of potassium are 65, 81, 94, 108 and 121 kg ha-1. The recommended doses of nitrogen for groundnut is 344, 363, 379 and 383 kg urea ha-1. The recommended doses of phosphorus are 251, 273, 295, 318, 340, 362, 384, 406 and 428 kg SSP ha-1 and the recommended doses of potassium are 196, 200, 204, 208, 212 and 214 kg MOP ha-1.The application of N, P, and K as per the above recommendation in different spatial zones arrived reveals that there is a significant reduction in fertilizer application when compared to the general recommendations. In conclusion, it can be summarized that new technologies of remote sensing, GIS and GPS have opened a new era in generating natural resource database to integrate and assess their potential on spatial basis. In the present study was highly useful in generating the soil suitability assessment, spatial fertilizer recommendation maps, soil quality assessment and preparation of customized fertilizer formulations. These studies can be made up to village level for micro level management of crop fields which help in attaining sustainability by catering the actual requirement of soil and crop within spatially variable fields. Further, the results provide actual estimates of fertilizer requirement for the study area for the important crops grown, thereby saving budget on nutrients at both planning and farmers level.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF POWER LOOM DYE’S EFFLUENT WATERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF SOIL, PLANT AND WATER IN NAGARI DIVISION OF CHITTOOR DISTRICT
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) PARAMESH KUMAR NAIK, R; PRASANTHI, A
    The present investigation was carried out to know the impact of power loom dye’s effluent waters on the properties of soil, plant and water in Nagari Division of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. For this one hundred soil sample were collected at depth of 0-15 cm from farmers’ field where dyes effluent water was being used for irrigation from different villages viz; Chinthalapatteda, Kothapeta, Salvapateda, Satravada, Velavadi, Mangadu, Kothuru, Agraharam, Ekanbarakuppam, and Nagari villages in the division of Nagari of Chittor district of Andhra Pradesh. The textile effluent irrigated soil samples were analyzed for physico-chemical and chemical properties. Eight textile effluent samples were collected. These effluent samples were analyzed for physico-chemical and chemical properties. Fifty sugarcane leaves samples were collected from the farmer’s field where the soil was collected. These sugarcane leaves samples were analyzed for accumulation of micronutrients and heavy metals. Out of 100 soil samples collected from study area, 28 (28 percent) soil samples were found to be strongly alkaline, while 51 (51 percent) soil samples were found to be moderately alkaline, while 12 (12 percent) soil samples were found to be slightly alkaline and 9 (9 percent) soil samples were found to be neutral in reaction respectively. The EC of textile effluent irrigated soil was mostly non saline in reaction. The organic carbon status of 56, 33 and 11 percent of soil samples were low, medium and high respectively. The xiv available nitrogen in wastewater irrigated soil was low to medium. Among all soil samples treated with effluent released from power loom factories, 98 soil samples (98 percent) and 2 soil samples (2 percent) were high and low in available phosphorus of the soils. The status of potassium in 63, 31 and 6 textile effluent treated soil samples were high, medium and low respectively. Among the hundred power loom wastewater irrigated soils of Nagari division, 71 soil samples (71 percent) and 29 soil samples (29 percent) were said to be above and below the critical limits in sodium content. The available calcium and magnesium in textile effluent irrigated soils were said to be above the critical limits. The copper content in textile effluent irrigated soil was found to be sufficient in 98 soil samples and deficient in 2 soil samples. Similarly, 95 and 5 soil samples in manganese were found to be sufficient and deficient. Iron content in textile effluent irrigated soils was found to be sufficient in majority of the soil samples. Out of 100 soil samples collected from the study area 95 and 5 per cent soil samples were found to be sufficient and deficient. The heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and nickel were found to be sufficient in majority of the soil samples collected from Nagari division except chromium, which exceeded the permissible limit. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the textile effluent irrigated soils were in the order of Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd. Textile effluent samples were medium to high alkaline in nature , low to medium in EC. The BOD of the textile effluent was reported to be sufficient and deficient. The textile effluent samples were medium to high in nitrogen, low in phosphorus, medium to high in potassium. The Ca and Mg in textile effluent samples were found to be low to medium in content. Out of 8 textile effluent samples collected for sodium, about 5 (62.5 percent) samples were medium whereas, 3 (37.5 percent) samples were high. The micronutrients such as Cu and Mn were above the permissible limits in water samples except Fe, which falls within the permissible limits. The zinc level in contaminated water samples was observed to be sufficient and deficient. The heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium and nickel were above the standard limits in water samples collected from different location. The majority of soil samples were found to be within the permissible limits of copper. The heavy metals such as Cr, Ni and Pb were found to be within the allowable limits except Cd, which exceeded the permissible limits in leaves of sugarcane crop. The micronutrients such as Mn and Zn were found to be within the permissible limits except Fe, which exceeded the permissible limits in leaves of sugarcane crop. Out of 50 sugarcane leaves samples analyzed for copper found that, 22 plant samples were below the permissible limits and 28 plant samples were above the permissible limits. The lowest yield observed in sugarcane crop during 2018-19 was 50.46 t ha-1 in Kothapeta village whereas the highest yield recorded for the same xv year was 74.23 t ha-1 in Mangadu village. The lowest yield observed in sugarcane crop during 2017-18 was 54.26 t ha-1 in Kothapeta village whereas the highest yield recorded for the same year was 75.61 ton ha-1 in Agaharam village. The yield of sugarcane crop during 2017-18 was higher as compared to that of 2018-19. This might be due to irrigation of soils of different villages of Nagari mandal with the textile effluent water containing high heavy metal accumulation