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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STABILITY ANALYSIS IN SORGHUM [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] GENOTYPES
    (guntur, 2022-08-17) KAVYA, PATI; SATYANARAYANA RAO, V.
    The present investigation was carried out at Agricultural College farm, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh with the following objectives: Study of variability, diversity, correlation and path analysis, combining ability, stability analysis and generation mean analysis for 13 quantitative characters The data was recorded on Days to 50% flowering (Days), Days to maturity (Days), Plant height (cm), Number of nodes per plant, Stem girth (cm), Panicle weight (g), 1000 grain weight (g), Fresh stalk yield (T ha-1), Juice yield (l ha-1), Brix per cent, Total soluble sugars ( % ), Ethanol yield (l ha-1), Grain yield (T ha-1). The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the 110 genotypes indicating the existence of variability among the genotypes. Estimates of PCV were narrowly higher than the corresponding GCV values for the characters days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity and stem girth, while number of nodes per plant, fresh stalk yield (t/ha), grain yield (t/ha), brix %, T.S.S, juice yield (t/ha), ethanol yield (t/ha) showed moderate differences between PCV and GCV. Characters plant height (cm), 1000 grain weight, Panicle weight (gm) showed high magnitude of difference. Narrow and moderate difference between PCV and GCV indicating less environment influence on these characters. Therefore, selection based on phenotypic performance could be worth in achieving desired results. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for all the 13 characters studied. The diversity study for 110 genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters indicating the presence of a wide range of genetic diversity. Cluster- I, was possessing the highest number of genotypes i.e., 78 indicating the genetic similarity among them followed by Cluster- III with 15 genotypes, Cluster - II with 12 genotypes. Cluster - IV, V, VI, VII, VIII were monogenotypic indicating the uniqueness of the genotypes included in those clusters when compared to other genotypes included in the study. The cluster means for brix %, juice yield, ethanol yield and days to 50 % flowering were considered as criteria and for crossing, diverse parents were selected from various clusters. i.e., from cluster IV, cluster V, cluster VI, cluster VII, and cluster VIII for hybridization programme. xvii The correlation results in 110 genotypes for 13 characters revealed that ethanol yield has significant positive correlation with brix percent, total soluble sugars, juice yield while negative association with grain yield, plant height, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. Path coefficient analysis revealed that juice yield exerted the highest positive direct effect on ethanol yield followed by brix %, total sugar yield along with positive correlation for all the above mentioned characters. Four lines were crossed with 4 testers selected from the divergence studies in L x T fashion. The pooled analysis of variance for 13 characters measured over three locations in the present investigation revealed significant differences among environments, lines, testers, crosses, environment x line x tester for all the characters studied except panicle weight. In the line x tester analysis, sca variance component estimates were greater than that of gca for the characters no of nodes, fresh stalk yield (t/ha),stem girth (cm), 1000 grain weight (g), panicle weight(g), brix%, total soluble sugars, juice yield(l/ha) and grain yield(t/ha) indicating the non-additive control of genetic variation in these traits. Female line 1 (ICSA-14029) was found to be promising general combiner for fresh stalk yield, brix%, total soluble sugars, juice yield, and ethanol yield with higher positive significant GCA effects, while line 4 (ICSA-14035) was negative significant for all the characters studied except stem girth and plant height indicating this line was poor combiner for all the characters. Among the testers which are used as male parents, tester 3 (ICSV 15006) has shown positive significant gca for all the traits like number of nodes, plant height, fresh stalk weight, stem girth, panicle weight, brix per cent, total soluble sugars, juice yield, ethanol yield followed by tester 2 (GGUB 28) possessing positive gca for juice yield and ethanol yield and tester 4 (IS 29308) had positive significant gca for brix %, total soluble sugars. Tester 1 (SEVS-08) recorded negative significant association for brix, total soluble solids, juice yield, ethanol yield and grain yield. Among the hybrids, hybrid ICSA 14029 x ICSV 15006 has excelled with high sca effects for brix%, total soluble sugars, juice yield and ethanol yield followed by hybrid ICSA 14029 x GGUB 28 having high sca effects for brix %, total soluble sugars, juice yield and ethanol yield, 1000 grain weight, panicle weight. Hybrid ICSA 14030 x IS 29308 showed high sca effects for brix, total soluble sugars, juice yield, ethanol yield, days to maturity, 1000 grain weight, panicle weight and negative significant for no. of nodes, days to 50 % flowering, fresh stalk yield, stem girth. Hybrid ICSA 14033 x SEVS-08 was possessing high sca effects for brix, total soluble sugars, juice yield and ethanol yield,1000 grain weight, days to 50% flowering and Number of nodes and negative effects for days to maturity, fresh stalk yield, stem girth and hybrid ICSA 14035 x SEVS-08 showing significant sca effects for juice and ethanol yield respectively. Among the Hybrids H-3, H-2, H-8 and H-10 were found to be superior for juice, brix percent and ethanol content. Hence the following hybrids can be used for further improvement. The range of heterosis over mid parent, better parent and commercial check indicated that it was high with respect to ethanol productivity related traits particularly juice yield and brix per cent. Considering standard heterosis as reference point for viz; xviii juice yield, brix and ethanol yields the following hybrids have performed well ICSA 14029 x ICSV-15006; ICSA 14030 x ICSV 15006; ICSA 14305 x ICSV-15006; ICSA 14029 x GGUB 28; ICSA 14030 x GGUB 28; ICSA 14033 x ICSV-15006. Stability analysis was conducted for 16 F1 hybrids at three different locations. In pooled analysis of variance for stability, the genotypes, environments, genotype-environment interaction, environment (linear) and pooled deviations showed significant differences for most of the characters studied. Stability analysis through “Eberhart and Russell’s model” resulted that Bapatla location was found to be most favourable location for brix %, total soluble sugars, ethanol yield and seed yield. Guntur was the most favourable location for number of nodes per plant and juice yield. Garikapadu was the favourable for days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, fresh stalk yield, stem girth, 1000 grain weight and panicle weight. According to AMMI analysis the following hybrids were stable over locations for these characters like H-2 for days to 50% flowering, H-3 and H-5 for days to maturity, H-10 and H-2 for plant height, H-7 and H-5 for no of nodes per plant, H-15 for stem girth, H-3 and H-4 for 1000 grain weight, H-5 for fresh stalk yield , hybrids 12, 10,11, 2 for grain yield, H -7 for brix%, H- 7 & H-8 for total soluble sugars and H-10 and 11 for juice yield and H-2 and 3 for ethanol yield. The classification for Eberhart and Russell’s model and AMMI model was similar for the traits Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, Plant height, number of nodes per plant. For remaining characters the AMMI classification doesn’t present any similarity with the results obtained by Eberhart and Russell’s model. The stable performing hybrids ICSA 14029 x GGUB 28, ICSA 14035 x GGUB 28 and ICSA 14033 x IS 29308 which are tested in 3 locations may be further tested in All India trials before commercial expoliatation of ethanol production. In the generation mean analysis study of ICSB 14029 x ICSV 15006, mean performance of 6 populations indicated that the F2 means were lesser than the F1 means except for brix per cent and stem girth and between mid-parental values in respect of all the traits except panicle weight, fresh stalk weight, grain yield indicating high degree of inbreeding depression. These results depict the predominant role of non-additive gene action which includes both dominance as well as epistatic interactions. The scaling tests as well as chi square test from joint scaling test were highly significant in the cross ICSB 14029 x ICSV 15006’ cross for 11 characters excluding stem girth and 1000 grain weight, indicating inadequacy of simple additive-dominance model and justifying the use of six parameter model for the detection of gene interactions. The six generation mean analysis carried out for 13 quantitative characters indicated significance of dominance gene effects for days to flowering, plant height, fresh stalk weight, juice yield, grain yield and ethanol yield. Significance of one or more interaction types (additive × additive or additive × dominance or dominance × dominance) in all the 13 traits except nodes per plant, stem girth, 1000 grain weight, total sugars estimation and ethanol yield was observed. Based on the signs of [hˆ] and [lˆ] gene effects, complementary gene interaction was evident in the inheritance of days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, juice yield, ethanol yield, while, duplicate gene xix interaction in the inheritance was evident for plant height, number of nodes per plant, stem girth, panicle weight, 1000 grain weight, fresh stalk weight, brix %, total sugars estimation, grain yield indicating predominantly dispersed alleles at the interacting loci.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DISSECTION OF SEEDLING AND REPRODUCTIVE STAGE SALINITY TOLERANCE IN RICE USING SALT TOLERANT CULTIVAR MTU 1061
    (guntur, 2022-08-11) VIJAYA DURGA, K.; SATYANARAYANA, P. V.
    The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to identify salinity tolerance lines in F2 population through phenotyping (seedling and reproductive stages) and genotyping (detect presence of salt tolerance QTLs). The present study entitled “Genetic Dissection of Seedling and Reproductive Stage Salinity Tolerance in Rice Using Salt Tolerant Cultivar MTU 1061” was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, with main objective of development and genotyping of mapping population (234 F2 lines) to identify the chromosomal regions relating to seedling and reproductive stage salinity tolerance and phenotyping of the 234 F2:3 progenies for seedling and reproductive stage salinity tolerance. 234 F2:3 lines derived from a cross between a high yielding salt susceptible rice cultivar Sri Druthi (MTU 1121) and salt tolerant variety Indra (MTU 1061) were evaluated for salt tolerance at both stages namely seedling and reproductive stages using hydroponics and pot culture experiment respectively under salinity stress (EC @ 6 and 12 dSm-1). Data on seven seedling salinity tolerance traits viz., salt injury score (SIS), shoot Na+ concentration, shoot K+ concentration, Na/K ratio, shoot length (cm), root length (cm), shoot dry weight (g) and eight yield contributing traits viz., plant height at maturity, days to flowering, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, number of total grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, grain yield/plant and productive tillers per plant were recorded. xvii A set of 234 F2:3 lines were evaluated for salt tolerance at seedling stage in a hydroponics experiment taken up during Rabi 2018-19 and Kharif 2019. The F2:3 population and parents showed a wide range of variation for different morpho-physiological traits in response to salt stress. Based on modified standard evaluation score (1-9) for visual salt injury at seedling stage, one line was highly tolerant, forty were tolerant, one hundred fifteen were moderately tolerant, seventy-one were susceptible and the rest seven were highly susceptible. Whereas, donor parent MTU 1061 showed tolerant (score of 3) and recipient parent MTU 1121 showed susceptible reaction (score of 9). In F2:3, shoot Na+ concentration, shoot K+ concentration, Na/K ratio, shoot length (cm), root length (cm) and shoot dry weight (g) ranged from 11.39 ppm to 40 ppm, 4.52 ppm to 17.94 ppm, 1.50 to 5.00, 6.58 cm to 30.59 cm, 6.42 cm to 19.00 cm and 0.07 g to 2.31 g, respectively. In this study, at seedling stage the F2:3 lines had high Na+ and high K+ concentration in the shoot suggesting that homeostasis between Na+ and K+ plays a key role in the seedling stage tolerance to salt stress. Screening of 234 F2:3 lines at reproductive stage was taken up during Rabi 2019-20 using pot culture experiment. Parents and the F2:3 population showed a high variation for different evaluated yield traits in response to salt stress (EC @ 12 dS/m). Grain yield per plant is the best indicative score for tolerance at reproductive stage. Out of the 234 F2:3 lines, five were highly tolerant (grain yield/plant >2.5 g), forty-five were tolerant (grain yield/plant 1.5 g – 2.5 g) and the rest one hundred eighty-four were susceptible (grain yield/plant <1.5 g). Whereas, donor parent MTU 1061 was highly tolerant (grain yield/plant 2.83 g) and recipient parent MTU 1121 showed susceptible reaction (grain yield/plant 0.72 g). In F2:3, plant height, days to flowering, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, number of total grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, productive tillers per plant ranged from 46 cm to 102 cm, 92 to 106, 14 cm to 22 cm, 10 to 296, 116 to 459, 6 to 73 and 2 to 5, respectively. In seedling and reproductive stages, a total of 234 F2:3 lines derived from MTU 1061 / MTU 1121 were evaluated for salinity tolerance. Out of the 234 F2:3 lines only seven lines were tolerant in both stages i.e., in seedling stage based on SIS and NaK ratio, in reproductive stage based on grain yield / plant. The selected lines with salinity tolerance at both the stages will be further advanced and will be evaluated in yield trials under stress and non stress conditions. And selected tolerant F2:3 lines (seven lines) will be valuable material for further fine mapping and introgression into elite genotypes to develop salt tolerant varieties. To identify the chromosomal regions relating to seedling and reproductive stages salinity tolerance, the F2 mapping population (234 F2 lines) was developed by making cross between MTU 1061 (donor) and MTU 1121 (recipient). The two parental lines MTU 1061 and MTU 1121 were screened for parental polymorphism using 1,001 SSR markers spanning all the 12 chromosomes. Among 1,001 SSR markers, 104 markers (10%) were xviii polymorphic. The molecular linkage map was constructed using 104 polymorphic markers spanning a total map length of 2956.12 cM using kosambi mapping function using IciMapping V.4.1 software. QTL mapping was carried out using Interval Mapping (IM), Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping (ICIM) and Interval Mapping for Epistatic Mapping (IM-EPI) methods in both seedling and reproductive stages. QTL analyses were conducted for seven seedling salinity tolerance traits in the F2:3 population using interval mapping (IM) and inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM). A total of 49 additive QTLs were detected by IM for all seven traits whereas 51 additive QTLs were detected by ICIM. A total of 257 pairs of interactive epistatic QTLs were detected by Interval Mapping for Epistatic Mapping (IM-EPI) method. Forty-nine QTLs detected in IM were same as with ICIM. In both methods (IM and ICIM), out of the 49 QTLs, two novel QTLs for SIS score, four QTLs for shoot Na+ concentration, two QTLs for shoot K+ concentration, 16 QTLs for NaK ratio, 17 QTLs for shoot length, six QTLs for root length and two QTLs for shoot dry weight were detected with phenotypic variance ranging from 0.1% to 11%. Compared to IM method, extra two QTLs (qDWT-6-1 and qDWT-9-1) detected for shoot dry weight on chromosomes 6 and 9 in ICIM method. qDWT-6-1 which had a phenotypic variance of 11% and this QTL was detected in the region between RM50 – RM3431 on chromosome 6 which had LOD ≥ 2. In IM-EPI method, 257 pairs of interactive epistatic QTLs were detected, out of 257 pairs of epistatic QTLs, 32 pairs of QTLs for SIS score, 21 pairs of QTLs for shoot Na+ concentration, 15 pairs of QTLs for shoot K+ concentration, 52 pairs of QTLs for NaK ratio, 60 pairs of QTLs for shoot length, 72 pairs of QTLs for root length, five pairs of QTLs for shoot dry weight. One hundred and ten epistatic QTLs were co-localized with 39 additive QTLs for seven seedling salinity tolerant traits. Among salinity tolerance traits, Na+/K+ ratio, an important ion balancing parameter for the salt tolerance, was controlled by 16 QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 detected by IM and ICIM. All QTLs were with small effects with phenotypic variance ranging from 0.5% to 1%. Out of the 16 QTLs, one of the QTL qNaK-1-1 position was corresponding to Saltol locus on chromosome 1. QTL analyses were conducted for eight yield contributing traits under reproductive stage salinity in the F2:3 population using interval mapping (IM) and inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM). A total of 32 additive QTLs were detected by IM for all eight traits whereas 25 additive QTLs were detected by ICIM. A total of 201 pairs of interactive epistatic QTLs were detected by Interval Mapping for Epistatic Mapping (IM-EPI) method. Twenty-five QTLs detected in ICIM were same as with IM. Out of 25 QTLs, two QTLs for plant height, two QTLs for days to flowering, seven QTLs for number of filled grains per panicle, two QTLs for number of total grains per panicle, three QTLs for spikelet fertility, seven QTLs for grain yield per plant and two QTLs for productive tillers per plant. Compared to ICIM method, additional seven QTLs were detected in IM method, five QTLs (qDFL-6-1, qDFL-6-2, qDFL-7- xix 1, qDFL-9-2 and qDFL-11-1) for days to flowering, one QTL (qGY-12-1) for grain yield per plant and one QTL (qPT-12-1) for productive tillers per plant. All additive QTLs were minor with a phenotypic variance ranging from 0.2% to 7% detected by IM and ICIM. In IM-EPI method, 201 pairs of interactive epistatic QTLs were detected, out of 201 pairs of epistatic QTLs, eight pairs of QTLs for plant height, 35 pairs of QTLs for days to flowering, five pairs of QTLs for panicle length, 43 pairs of QTLs for number of filled grains per panicle, eight pairs of QTLs for number of total grains per panicle, 38 pairs of QTLs for spikelet fertility, 42 pairs of QTLs for grain yield per plant and 22 pairs of QTLs for productive tillers per plant. Forty-nine epistatic QTLs were co-localized with 19 additive QTLs for six reproductive salinity tolerant traits. At seedling stage, the phenotypic responses, genomic composition, and QTLs identified from the study indicated that Na/K ratio is the key factor for salinity tolerance. The mechanisms of tolerance might be due to homeostasis between Na+ and K+ or Na+ compartmentation. In reproductive stage phenotypic responses and QTLs identification indicated that grain yield per plant under stress is the key factor comparative to remaining parameters such as number of spikelets, filled spikelets and unfilled spikelets. It can be concluded from the study that tolerance at the seedling stage is not necessarily associated with tolerance at the reproductive stage and vice versa. The tolerant F2:3 lines will be a valuable pre-breeding material for use in rice breeding programs and also provide an opportunity for functional genomics studies to provide molecular insights into salt tolerance mechanisms in MTU 1061.