STABILITY ANALYSIS IN SORGHUM [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] GENOTYPES
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Date
2022-08-17
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guntur
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out at Agricultural College farm, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh with the following objectives: Study of variability, diversity, correlation and path analysis, combining ability, stability analysis and generation mean analysis for 13 quantitative characters
The data was recorded on Days to 50% flowering (Days), Days to maturity (Days), Plant height (cm), Number of nodes per plant, Stem girth (cm), Panicle weight (g), 1000 grain weight (g), Fresh stalk yield (T ha-1), Juice yield (l ha-1), Brix per cent, Total soluble sugars ( % ), Ethanol yield (l ha-1), Grain yield (T ha-1).
The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the 110 genotypes indicating the existence of variability among the genotypes. Estimates of PCV were narrowly higher than the corresponding GCV values for the characters days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity and stem girth, while number of nodes per plant, fresh stalk yield (t/ha), grain yield (t/ha), brix %, T.S.S, juice yield (t/ha), ethanol yield (t/ha) showed moderate differences between PCV and GCV. Characters plant height (cm), 1000 grain weight, Panicle weight (gm) showed high magnitude of difference. Narrow and moderate difference between PCV and GCV indicating less environment influence on these characters. Therefore, selection based on phenotypic performance could be worth in achieving desired results. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for all the 13 characters studied.
The diversity study for 110 genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters indicating the presence of a wide range of genetic diversity. Cluster- I, was possessing the highest number of genotypes i.e., 78 indicating the genetic similarity among them followed by Cluster- III with 15 genotypes, Cluster - II with 12 genotypes. Cluster - IV, V, VI, VII, VIII were monogenotypic indicating the uniqueness of the genotypes included in those clusters when compared to other genotypes included in the study. The cluster means for brix %, juice yield, ethanol yield and days to 50 % flowering were considered as criteria and for crossing, diverse parents were selected from various clusters. i.e., from cluster IV, cluster V, cluster VI, cluster VII, and cluster VIII for hybridization programme.
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The correlation results in 110 genotypes for 13 characters revealed that ethanol yield has significant positive correlation with brix percent, total soluble sugars, juice yield while negative association with grain yield, plant height, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity.
Path coefficient analysis revealed that juice yield exerted the highest positive direct effect on ethanol yield followed by brix %, total sugar yield along with positive correlation for all the above mentioned characters.
Four lines were crossed with 4 testers selected from the divergence studies in L x T fashion. The pooled analysis of variance for 13 characters measured over three locations in the present investigation revealed significant differences among environments, lines, testers, crosses, environment x line x tester for all the characters studied except panicle weight.
In the line x tester analysis, sca variance component estimates were greater than that of gca for the characters no of nodes, fresh stalk yield (t/ha),stem girth (cm), 1000 grain weight (g), panicle weight(g), brix%, total soluble sugars, juice yield(l/ha) and grain yield(t/ha) indicating the non-additive control of genetic variation in these traits.
Female line 1 (ICSA-14029) was found to be promising general combiner for fresh stalk yield, brix%, total soluble sugars, juice yield, and ethanol yield with higher positive significant GCA effects, while line 4 (ICSA-14035) was negative significant for all the characters studied except stem girth and plant height indicating this line was poor combiner for all the characters.
Among the testers which are used as male parents, tester 3 (ICSV 15006) has shown positive significant gca for all the traits like number of nodes, plant height, fresh stalk weight, stem girth, panicle weight, brix per cent, total soluble sugars, juice yield, ethanol yield followed by tester 2 (GGUB 28) possessing positive gca for juice yield and ethanol yield and tester 4 (IS 29308) had positive significant gca for brix %, total soluble sugars. Tester 1 (SEVS-08) recorded negative significant association for brix, total soluble solids, juice yield, ethanol yield and grain yield.
Among the hybrids, hybrid ICSA 14029 x ICSV 15006 has excelled with high sca effects for brix%, total soluble sugars, juice yield and ethanol yield followed by hybrid ICSA 14029 x GGUB 28 having high sca effects for brix %, total soluble sugars, juice yield and ethanol yield, 1000 grain weight, panicle weight. Hybrid ICSA 14030 x IS 29308 showed high sca effects for brix, total soluble sugars, juice yield, ethanol yield, days to maturity, 1000 grain weight, panicle weight and negative significant for no. of nodes, days to 50 % flowering, fresh stalk yield, stem girth. Hybrid ICSA 14033 x SEVS-08 was possessing high sca effects for brix, total soluble sugars, juice yield and ethanol yield,1000 grain weight, days to 50% flowering and Number of nodes and negative effects for days to maturity, fresh stalk yield, stem girth and hybrid ICSA 14035 x SEVS-08 showing significant sca effects for juice and ethanol yield respectively. Among the Hybrids H-3, H-2, H-8 and H-10 were found to be superior for juice, brix percent and ethanol content. Hence the following hybrids can be used for further improvement.
The range of heterosis over mid parent, better parent and commercial check indicated that it was high with respect to ethanol productivity related traits particularly juice yield and brix per cent. Considering standard heterosis as reference point for viz;
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juice yield, brix and ethanol yields the following hybrids have performed well ICSA 14029 x ICSV-15006; ICSA 14030 x ICSV 15006; ICSA 14305 x ICSV-15006; ICSA 14029 x GGUB 28; ICSA 14030 x GGUB 28; ICSA 14033 x ICSV-15006.
Stability analysis was conducted for 16 F1 hybrids at three different locations. In pooled analysis of variance for stability, the genotypes, environments, genotype-environment interaction, environment (linear) and pooled deviations showed significant differences for most of the characters studied.
Stability analysis through “Eberhart and Russell’s model” resulted that Bapatla location was found to be most favourable location for brix %, total soluble sugars, ethanol yield and seed yield. Guntur was the most favourable location for number of nodes per plant and juice yield. Garikapadu was the favourable for days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, fresh stalk yield, stem girth, 1000 grain weight and panicle weight. According to AMMI analysis the following hybrids were stable over locations for these characters like H-2 for days to 50% flowering, H-3 and H-5 for days to maturity, H-10 and H-2 for plant height, H-7 and H-5 for no of nodes per plant, H-15 for stem girth, H-3 and H-4 for 1000 grain weight, H-5 for fresh stalk yield , hybrids 12, 10,11, 2 for grain yield, H -7 for brix%, H- 7 & H-8 for total soluble sugars and H-10 and 11 for juice yield and H-2 and 3 for ethanol yield.
The classification for Eberhart and Russell’s model and AMMI model was similar for the traits Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, Plant height, number of nodes per plant. For remaining characters the AMMI classification doesn’t present any similarity with the results obtained by Eberhart and Russell’s model. The stable performing hybrids ICSA 14029 x GGUB 28, ICSA 14035 x GGUB 28 and ICSA 14033 x IS 29308 which are tested in 3 locations may be further tested in All India trials before commercial expoliatation of ethanol production.
In the generation mean analysis study of ICSB 14029 x ICSV 15006, mean performance of 6 populations indicated that the F2 means were lesser than the F1 means except for brix per cent and stem girth and between mid-parental values in respect of all the traits except panicle weight, fresh stalk weight, grain yield indicating high degree of inbreeding depression. These results depict the predominant role of non-additive gene action which includes both dominance as well as epistatic interactions.
The scaling tests as well as chi square test from joint scaling test were highly significant in the cross ICSB 14029 x ICSV 15006’ cross for 11 characters excluding stem girth and 1000 grain weight, indicating inadequacy of simple additive-dominance model and justifying the use of six parameter model for the detection of gene interactions.
The six generation mean analysis carried out for 13 quantitative characters indicated significance of dominance gene effects for days to flowering, plant height, fresh stalk weight, juice yield, grain yield and ethanol yield. Significance of one or more interaction types (additive × additive or additive × dominance or dominance × dominance) in all the 13 traits except nodes per plant, stem girth, 1000 grain weight, total sugars estimation and ethanol yield was observed. Based on the signs of [hˆ] and [lˆ] gene effects, complementary gene interaction was evident in the inheritance of days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, juice yield, ethanol yield, while, duplicate gene
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interaction in the inheritance was evident for plant height, number of nodes per plant, stem girth, panicle weight, 1000 grain weight, fresh stalk weight, brix %, total sugars estimation, grain yield indicating predominantly dispersed alleles at the interacting loci.
Description
STABILITY ANALYSIS IN SORGHUM [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] GENOTYPES