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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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2015 - 2018101
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2015 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS OF GRAIN YIELD, QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND INHERITANCE OF BLAST RESISTANCE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) SREELAKSHMI, CH.; RAMESH BABU), P
    The present experiment entitled was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh from 2014 to 2016. Analysis of variance and high estimates of variability estimates for number of unfilled grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield per plant, water uptake, volume expansion ratio, gel consistancy and alkali spreading value indicating that these characters were under the influence of additive gene action and simple selection would be effective for the improvement of these characters. Combining ability analysis indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action for most of the traits. Significant heterosis for most of the traits in BPT 5204 x NLR 34449, RNR 2465 x NLR 145 suggested that genetic potential for yield improvement through pedigree method. For better quality improvement BPT 5204 x IR 36, RNR 2465 x IR 64 found to be good crosses. Association studies indicated that the number of ear bearing tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, days to 50% flowering, harvest index and days to maturity exhibited positive significant association with grain yield, among quality traits, amylose content exhibited high positive significant association with head rice recovery and negative association with kernal L/B ratio. Generation mean analysis for seed yield and quality traits revealed that majority of the traits are under the influence of duplicate epistasis. In the selected crosses, inheritance studies on the rice blast resistance affirmed the dominance of resistance to susceptibility and the role of two gene interactions viz., duplicate (15:1) type of epistasis was observed for RNR 2465 x NLR 145, BPT 5204 x IR 64, RNR 2465 x IR 64 and BPT 5204 x NLR 34449. Two crosses viz., BPT 5204 x IR 36 and WGL 48684 x IR 36 exhibited 3:1 type of phenotypic ratio (R:S) indicated that the resistance is governed by single dominant gene.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MOISTURE STRESS TOLERANCE, QUALITY AND YIELD TRAITS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) RAVI, SAGGILI; MOHAN REDDY, D
    The present experiment entitled “Genetic analysis of moisture stress tolerance, quality and yield traits in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” was carried out at the Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College Farm, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh from 2014 to 2016. The whole experiment was carried out in two separate experiments. In the Experiment-I, fifteen crosses were generated by crossing six parents viz., Dharani, TCGS 1073, Kadiri 6, Narayani, ICGV 06100 and ICGV 06188 in a diallel fashion and were evaluated during rabi, 2014-15 under irrigated condition and late rabi, 2015 under both irrigated and moisture stress conditions to get the information on their per se performance, combining ability and heterosis for twenty two traits including yield, yield attributing traits, quality and moisture stress tolerance traits. Further, an attempt was made to study the trait associations and best cultivar identification among parents using G×T biplot analysis. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes (parents and F1s) for most of the traits in rabi 2014-15 under irrigated condition and in late rabi, 2015 under both irrigated and moisture stress conditions indicating the existence of sufficient variability in the material for most of the traits under consideration. Based on per se performance among the parents, the parent ICGV-06188 and ICGV-06100 in rabi 2014-15 under irrigated while, in late rabi, 2015 the parents ICGV-06100 and ICGV-06188 under irrigated and ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 under moisture stress condition showed high per se performance for most of the traits. Among 15 cross combinations, the cross TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 and Dharani × ICGV-06100 in rabi 2014-15 under irrigated condition, while in late rabi, 2015 the cross TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 and Narayani × ICGV-06100 under irrigated condition and Narayani × ICGV-06188 and TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 under moisture stress condition were found to be the best crosses as they recorded high per se performance for quality, yield attributes and drought related traits. Hence, these parents and crosses could be exploited for development of cultivars with high yield coupled with quality and drought tolerance cultivars. Based on the gca effects, the parents, ICGV-06100, ICGV-06188 and TCGS-1073 during rabi, 2014-15, while during late rabi, 2015 the parents, ICGV-06100, Dharani and TCGS-1073 under irrigated and ICGV-06100, TCGS-1073, ICGV-06188 xx and Narayani under moisture stress condition were identified as best general combiners for most of the traits. Studies on sca effects revealed that the crosses viz., Kadiri-6 × ICGV-06100, Dharani × ICGV-06100, Narayani × ICGV-06100, TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 × Narayani during rabi, 2014-15, while during late rabi, 2015 the crosses viz., TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100, Narayani × ICGV-06100 and Kadiri-6 × ICGV-06100 under irrigated condition and Narayani × ICGV-06188, TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 and Dharani × Kadiri-6 under moisture stress condition were identified as best specific cross combinations for most of the traits. Hence, these crosses could be exploited for obtaining transgressive segregants in advanced generations with increased pod yield per plant and drought tolerance ability. Based on estimates of better parent heterosis, the cross Dharani × ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 and Kadiri-6 × ICGV-06100 during rabi, 2014-15, while during late rabi, 2015 the cross Narayani × ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 under irrigated and Narayani × ICGV-06188 under moisture stress conditions exhibited positive and significant better parent heterosis for most of the traits. Hence, these crosses could be exploited for obtaining transgressive segregants in advanced generations with increased pod yield per plant and drought tolerance ability. Based on traits association analysis using GT biplots, the traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, SCMR, number of well filled and mature pods per plant, 100- kernel weight, oil per cent, total carbohydrates and total free amino acids were identified as important traits for yield, quality and drought tolerance improvement in groundnut and these traits would be considered as key components during the selection. Similarly, it was concluded that the genotype ICGV-06188 during rabi and ICGV-06100 during late rabi under both irrigated and moisture stress condition were identified as ideal cultivars. In the Experiment-II, generation mean analysis was done to assess the gene action for yield and drought related traits in four best cross combinations viz., TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100, Narayani × ICGV-06100, Dharani × ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 × Narayani selected based on the performance on various parameters in Experiment-I. Generation mean analysis for yield, quality and drought traits in selected crosses deciphered the importance of epistatic effects besides the major components viz., additive and dominance gene effects for most of the traits in majority of the crosses under both irrigated and moisture stress conditions. Though both additive and non additive gene actions were significant, non additive gene actions played predominant role in the inheritance of the majority of the traits. Majority of the traits are under the influence of duplicate epistasis besides additive type of gene effects for which bi-parental mating or reciprocal recurrent selection may be adopted followed by pedigree method of selection to modify the genetic architecture of groundnut for attaining higher yields with drought tolerance. TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 could be exploited for development of desirable segregants in groundnut for pod yield along with drought tolerance. Among four selected crosses, the cross Dharani × ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 × Narayani exhibited positive and significant better parent heterosis coupled with significant and low inbreeding depression for most of the characters under both irrigated and moisture stress conditions and could be suggested for exploitation of vigour and transgressive segregants in the latter generations for improvement of groundnut genotypes with high yield coupled with quality and drought tolerance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES AND IDENTIFICATION OF FAVOURABLE ALLELES IN INBREDS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF SINGLE CROSS HYBRIDS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) PARAMESH, M; HARIPRASAD REDDY, K
    The present investigation was carried out with 55 single cross hybrids derived by crossing 11 inbreds in half diallel and their 11 parents under normal (Experiment I) and rice fallow situation (Experiment II) for identification of favourable alleles in inbreds and to get information on combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield components, at Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati. Further generation mean analysis (Experiment III) was carried out to assess the gene action for yield and yield components in five selected cross combinations. In experiment I, based on per se performance the parents viz., BML 2, BML 14, CM 119 and BML 51and hybrids viz., BML 7 × BML 15, BML 6 × BML 7, BML 2 × BML 7, BML 7 × CM 119 and BML 7 × BML 14 were identified as the best parents and hybrids, respectively. The studies on identification of favourable alleles (μG') revealed that for first target hybrid DHM 117 (BML 6 × BML 7), the donors BML 15 and BML 2 and for second target hybrid DHM 113 (BML 2 × BML 7), the donors BML 15 and BML 6 showed highest frequency of favourable alleles (μG') to further improve their yield performance. Similarly, for first superior cross BML 7 × BML 15, the donors BML 14 and CM 119; for second superior cross BML 7 × BML 14, the donors BML 15 and BML 2 were showed highest frequency of favourable alleles (μG'). Hence, utilization of the identified donor inbreds with favourable alleles in the recycling or pedigree breeding programmes may improve the performance of the parents of the target hybrids and thereby utilized in enhancement of the hybrid performance. Combining ability analysis results revealed that yield and yield components displayed non-additive gene action in their inheritance and it could be suggested xx that heterosis breeding can profitably be used for exploitation of hybrid vigour in maize on commercial scale. The parents viz., BML 7, BML 51, CM 119 and BML 2 were identified as best general combiners and the hybrids BML 5 × CML 124, BML 51 × BML 5, BML 6 × BML 7 and BML 7 × BML 14 were identified as best specific cross combinations for yield and yield components. Based on the per se performance, combining ability and heterosis the hybrids viz., BML 7 × BML 15, BML 6 × BML 7, BML 2 × BML 7, BML 7 × CM 119 and BML 7 × BML 14 were identified as the best hybrids. Hence, these crosses could be suggested for use in hybrid breeding programmes or further forwarded to advanced generations in order to isolate desirable transgressive segregants. In experiment II, under rice fallow situation, based on per se performance the parents viz., BML 2, BML 14 and BML 6 and the hybrids viz., BML 7 × BML 15, BML 2 × BML 7, BML 7 × BML 14, BML 6 × BML 7 and BML 7 × CM 118 were identified as the best parents and hybrids, respectively. The results on identification of favourable alleles (μG') under rice fallow situation revealed that for first target hybrid DHM 117, the donor inbreds BML 15 and BML 2 and for second target hybrid DHM 113, the donor inbreds BML 15 and BML 14 showed highest frequency of favourable alleles (μG') to further improve their yield performance. Similarly, for first superior cross BML 7 × BML 15, the donors BML 2 and BML 6; for second superior cross BML 7 × BML 14, the donors BML 15 and BML 2 showed highest frequency of favourable alleles (μG'). Based on mean and gca effects, the inbreds BML 2 and BML 15 were identified as the best parents and based on mean and sca effects the hybrids viz., BML 7 × BML 15, BML 2 × BML 7, BML 7 × BML 14 and BML 7 × CM 118 were identified as promising hybrids for yield and yield components. Heterosis studies revealed that the hybrids viz., BML 7 × BML 15 and BML 2 × BML 7 were identified as best hybrids as they exhibited significant standard heterosis. Hence, these hybrids could be exploited in heterosis breeding programme to improve kernel yield in maize under rice fallow situation. Based on the per se performance, combining ability and heterosis the hybrids viz., BML 7 × BML 15, BML 2 × BML 7, BML 7 × BML 14, BML 6 × BML 7 and BML 7 × CM 118 were identified as the best hybrids under rice fallow situation and suggested for best utilization in rice fallow system. For both normal and rice fallow situations the inbreds viz., BML 7, BML 2 and BML 51 were identified as the best parents. The hybrids viz., BML 7 × BML 15, BML 2 × BML 7, BML 7 × BML 14 and BML 6 × BML 7 exhibited good per se performance, combining ability and heterosis estimates for yield and yield components both in normal and rice fallow situations. Hence, these hybrids could be suggested for effective utilization in both normal and rice fallow situations. xxi In experiment III, generation mean analysis for yield and yield components in five crosses viz., BML 7 × BML 15, BML 6 × BML 7, BML 2 × BML 7, BML 7 × CM 119 and BML 7 × BML 14 deciphered the importance of epistatic effects besides the major components viz., additive and dominance gene effects for all the traits in majority of the crosses. Though both additive and non-additive gene actions were significant, non-additive gene actions played predominant role in the inheritance of the traits. Majority of the traits are under the influence of duplicate epistasis besides non-additive type of gene effects for which bi-parental mating or reciprocal recurrent selection may be adopted followed by pedigree method of selection to modify the genetic architecture of maize for attaining higher yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF SOMACLONES FOR YELLOW LEAF DISEASE RESISTANCE, CANE YIELD AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES IN SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) SUMA MUKTHA SREE, S; HEMANTH KUMAR, M
    Thirteen sugarcane somaclones along with five checks were evaluated in a randomized block design with two replications which were planted at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Perumallapalle, Tirupati, during cropping season 2017-18 so as to identify the best somaclone with high cane yield and YLD resistance. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean sum of squares due to entries for fifteen characters viz., germination % at 35 DAP, tillers at 120 DAP (000'/ha), shoots at 240 DAP (000'/ha), cane length (cm), cane girth (cm), number of internodes per cane, number of millable canes ('000/ha), single cane weight, cane yield (t/ha), brix %, sucrose %, purity %, CCS%, fibre% and CCS yield (t/ha). Hence further analysis were performed for 15 characters only. High estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation were registered for CCS yield, cane yield and single cane weight and moderate estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for shoots at 240 DAP, number of millable canes, germination % at 35 DAP, tillers at 120 DAP and cane length which indicated that sufficient variation was present in the experimental material. Based on estimates of heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean, it was therefore suggested that preference should be given to tillers at 120 DAP, shoots at 240 DAP, number of millable canes, single cane weight, cane yield and CCS yield in the selection programme to isolate superior lines for wholistic improvement in cane yield. Total five somaclones for yellow leaf disease resistance were obtained out of which three somaclones (16T7, 16T12 and 16T15) are from 2003V46, one (16T31) xv from Co86032 and one (16T37) from 94V101. Among these resistant somaclones, 16T7 recorded significantly high per se performance for tillers at 120 DAP, shoots at 240 DAP and cane yield and showed significant superiority over its parent for shoots at 240 DAP, number of millable canes at harvest, cane yield, sucrose %, purity %, CCS% and CCS yield. Somaclone, 16T12 recorded significantly high performance for cane yield and significantly better performance over its parent for shoots at 240 DAP, number of millable canes at harvest. Somaclone, 16T15 showed high performance for cane yield and significantly high value over its parent for purity % and CCS %. The somaclone, 16T31 from Co86032 recorded highest cane length. The somaclone, 16T37 from 94V101 recorded significantly high per se performance for cane length, single cane weight and CCS yield. It also showed significant superiority over its parent for cane girth, single cane weight, purity %, CCS % and CCS yield. It can be concluded that selection based on tillers at 120 DAP, shoots at 240 DAP, no. of millable canes, single cane weight, can yield and CCS yield would be effective. The somaclones viz., 2016T7, 2016T11, 2016T12, 2016T15 and 2016T37 performed well for most of the characters viz., tillers at 120 DAP, shoots at 240 DAP, single cane weight, cane yield, sucrose%, purity % CCS% and CCS yield. Considering their resistance to YLD 2016T7, 2016T12, 2016T15 and 2016T37 can be promoted as commercial varieties in YLD prone areas.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS FOR DROUGHT RESISTANCE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY TRAITS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) SARITHA, KOVVURI; VASANTHI, R. P.
    The present investigation was carried out during Kharif, 2017 and rabi, 2017-18 to study the genetic divergence, variability, character association and path co-efficients in 32 genotypes of groundnut. The experiment was laid out at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati in a randomized block design with four replications in kharif and two replications in rabi. Data were recorded on 19 characters in kharif and six characters in rabi. Analysis of variance indicated existence of significant genotypic differences for all the characters. In kharif, the genotypes viz., SG 99, TCGS-1694, R-2001-3-1, ALG-06-320 and TCGS-1653 while in rabi, the genotypes viz., TCGS-1694, ALG-06-320, TCGS-1622, SG 99 and TCGS-1157 showed high mean performance for pod yield as well as for most of yield components with desirable attributes that contribute for WUE and drought resistance. Analysis of genetic parameters revealed that GCV, PCV, heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance as per cent of mean were high for all the traits except shelling percentage in kharif indicating that these traits are amenable for phenotypic selection while in rabi pod yield per plant, SLA at 60 DAS and 100-seed weight recorded high to moderate GCV, PCV, heritability(broad sense) and genetic advance as per cent of mean indicating simple phenotypic selection could be followed for their improvement. Low GCV, PCV, high to moderate heritability and low GAM were observed for SCMR at 60 DAS, RWC and shelling percentage indicating that phenotypic selection would not be that effective to improve these characters. xvii Genetic divergence studies by Mahalanobis’s D2 analysis revealed considerable diversity among 32 genotypes of groundnut and were grouped into seven and eight clusters based on physiological, yield and yield attributes in kharif and rabi respectively. The characters, angle between main axis and primary branches at 60 DAS (72.58%) in kharif and SLA at 60 DAS(33.67%) in rabi contributed maximum to the diversity. This was confirmed by canonical analysis. Based on these studies, cross combinations between genotypes in cluster VII and cluster III in kharif and cluster VIII and cluster II, cluster VIII and cluster V in rabi are proposed to get transgressive segregants for physiological, yield and yield parameters. SSR marker studies detected a high level of genetic variation among the ten groundnut genotypes selected. A high degree of polymorphism was obtained with the primers, PM 45 (0.95) and SEQ5D05 (0.75). The similarity index values ranged from 0.34 to 0.703 indicating a wide range of genetic diversity. Character association studies revealed significant positive correlation of number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pegs per plant, mature pods per plant, immature pods per plant and harvest index with pod yield per plant. Path co-efficient analysis also indicated that these characters were important attributes directly influencing the pod yield in groundnut. Hence, these characters should be considered in formulating selection criteria in breeding programme aimed at improvement of yield in groundnut.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION FOR YIELD AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES IN BLACKGRAM [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) PANIGRAHI, MAITRI; PRASANTHI, L
    The present investigation was undertaken in 42 genotypes of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] to study the variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean, character association and path coefficient analysis during rabi, 2018. The observations were recorded for eighteen yield, physiological (morphological and biochemical) and yield attributes viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed-weight, harvest index, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, seed yield per plant, leaf hairiness, leaf thickness, pod hairiness, protein content, carbohydrate content, amino acid content, Phenol content and YMV disease score. Analysis of variance indicated the existence of significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. Among the 15 genotypes SRI and TBG-130 showed high mean performance for seed yield per plant. Analysis for genetic parameters revealed higher phenotypic coefficient and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean for disease score for YMV, pod hairiness, leaf hairiness, carbohydrate content, clusters per plant, seed yield per plant and pods per plant indicating that simple selection would be effective in improving these traits. xiv Character association studies revealed that days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, clusters per plant, pods per plant and 100-seed weight showed significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant indicating that selection based on these characters would bring about simultaneous improvement in the seed yield. Leaf hairiness, leaf thickness, pod hairiness and amino acid content showed significant association with the YMV disease score implying that selection based on these characters would aid in providing tolerance against YMV disease reaction. Path analysis indicated a direct selection for clusters per plant, pods per plant, and 100-seed weight would be effective due to high positive direct effect on the seed yield. Leaf thickness, leaf hairiness and pod hairiness, though had moderate negative direct effects on the YMV disease score but they recorded significant negative association with it, hence selection of these characters will be effective in imparting resistance against YMV. The top five genotypes for seed yield per plant namely SRI, LBG-752, LBG 623, TBG-130 and VBG 12-062 can be utilized for rabi cultivation. TBG-125 exhibited high leaf hairiness, leaf thickness and high pod hairiness, while the genotype TBG-129, along with high values for the morphological characters also had higher amounts of phenols and amino acid content and thus could be used for the development of promising lines for resistance to YMV disease.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY TRAITS UNDER ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER MANAGEMENTS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) MEGHALA DEVI, GOWRA; SHANTHI PRIYA, M
    The present investigation was conducted at dryland farm of S.V. Agricultural college, Tirupati, during kharif 2017 to study the variability and genetic parameters, character association and path analysis in thirty groundnut genotypes under organic and inorganic fertilizer managements. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the characters studied under both fertilizer managements indicating the presence of ample amount of variability among the genotypes. Mean performance of genotypes revealed that TCGS-1157, ICG-10384, ICG-11322, ICG-7153, TCGS-1330, Dharani under organic fertilizer management and ICG-7153, K-9, ICG-11322, TCGS-1330, K-7 bold and Dharani under inorganic fertilizer management were found promising for yield, water use efficiency and quality traits. Higher estimates for GCV and PCV were observed for number of immature pods per plant, kernel yield per plant, pod yield per plant and total free amino acids under both fertilizer managements whereas number of pegs per plant, number of mature pods per plant and number of pods per plant showed high GCV and PCV in only inorganic fertilizer management. The characters total free amino acids and carbohydrate content exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean under both fertilizer managements whereas SLA at 60 DAS and xvii hundred kernel weight showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean in organic fertilizer management and plant height, number of pegs per plant, number of mature pods per plant, number of pods per plant and kernel yield per plant in inorganic fertilizer management indicating the preponderance of additive gene action and the selection for these traits will be effective. Using D2 analysis thirty genotypes of groundnut were grouped into seven and five clusters under organic and inorganic fertilizer managements. The characters oil content in organic and plant height in inorganic fertilizer management contributed more towards genetic divergence. The crosses TCGS-1157 X K-7 bold, TCGS-1157 X K-1789, TCGS-1330 X K-7 bold and Dharani X K-7 bold under organic fertilizer management and K-9 X ICG-11651, Dharani X ICG-11651, K-9 X K-7 bold, Dharani X K-7 bold and TCGS-1330 X ICG-11651 under inorganic fertilizer management can be utilized for development of transgressive segregants for yield, water use efficiency and quality traits. Character association analysis revealed that the characters viz., number of primary branches, number of pegs per plant, number of mature pods per plant, number of pods per plant, harvest index, kernel yield per plant, SCMR at 40 DAS and SCMR at 60 DAS showed significant positive correlation with pod yield per plant under both fertilizer managements. Path analysis revealed that kernel yield per plant under organic fertilizer management and kernel yield per plant and number of pods per plant in inorganic fertilizer managements exhibited high positive direct effect on pod yield per plant. Other traits also showed high indirect effects through these traits indicating the importance of these traits during selection process in groundnut.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERGENCE FOR YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY TRAITS IN BLACKGRAM [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] UNDER ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) KAVITHA REDDY, A; SHANTHI PRIYA, M
    The present investigation was conducted at dryland farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, during kharif, 2017 to estimate the variability, genetic parameters, correlation, direct and indirect effects and genetic divergence among 30 blackgram genotypes under organic and inorganic fertilizer managements. Analysis of variance carried out among 17 yield, yield contributing and water use efficiency traits revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under both the managements indicating the presence of considerable amount of genetic variation for different traits in the present material, except for days to maturity, which showed non-significant difference under organic fertilizer management. The genotypes differed in their performance for yield as well as for water use efficiency traits under organic and inorganic fertilizer management. The estimates of PCV and GCV were high and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for number of clusters per plant under both managements indicating selection may be effective for improvement of this trait. xvi D2 analysis grouped 30 blackgram genotypes into seven and eight clusters respectively under organic and inorganic fertilizer managements. Hundred seed weight and relative water content were the major contributors towards genetic divergence under organic and inorganic fertilizer managements, respectively. Based on the divergence analysis under organic fertilizer management, the crosses PU-31 × KU-14-01, KU-12-56 × LBG-752 and KU-12-56 × KU-14-01, whereas under inorganic management the crosses PU-31 × KU-10-1169, UG-708 × KU-14-01 and WBG-26 × LOP-1070 could be successfully utilized to get desirable transgressive segregants for yield and water use efficiency. The character association studies carried out under both the managements indicated significant positive association of number of pods per plant with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis also revealed that number of pods per plant exerted direct effect on seed yield per plant under both the managements. Hence selection would be more effective through this trait to improve seed yield under both the managements. Comparison of the mean performance of genotypes for yield, yield contributing and water use efficiency traits revealed that PU-31 was found to be better performing under both the managements. All other genotypes showed differential performance for yield and water use efficiency traits under organic and inorganic fertilizer managements. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the yielding ability of the genotypes in organic and inorganic managements as observed by t-test. Therefore it necessitates the need to breed varieties that can adapt well under organic management and then go for selecting superior ones among them for inclusion in the hybridization programme.
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    GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL, YIELD AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS IN ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) DURGA NANDINI, GURRAM; JOHN, K
    The experiment material consisted of forty genotypes of groundnut which were evaluated at dry land farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupathi during kharif 2017 so as to identify the best genotypes with high pod yield per plant. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for 14 characters except specific leaf area at 60 DAS, specific leaf weight at 60 DAS, relative water content at 60 DAS, number of primary branches per plant and harvest index indicating the existence of sufficient variability in the material. The genotype, TCGS-1847 registered higher mean values for pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, harvest index, shelling per cent, number of mature pods per plant, number of primary branches per plant and desirable low specific leaf area at 60 DAS. The genotype, TCGS-1889 recorded high pod yield per plant, high kernel yield per plant, high dry haulms yield per plant, high 100-pod weight and high 100-kernel weight. Similarly, TCGS-1887 recorded higher pod yield per plant mainly due to high kernel yield per plant, high harvest index, high dry haulms yield per plant, and more number of primary branches per plant. Hence, the studies revealed that the genotypes viz., TCGS-1847, TCGS-1889, TCGS-1877, TCGS -1861 and TCGS-1838 could be used for pod yield improvement in groundnut. xiv Moderate heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded by number of primary branches per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight and dry haulms yield per plant. Moderate heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, number of immature pods per plant and number of secondary branches per plant indicating additive gene action and selection is effective for these characters. The D2 analysis revealed the presence of considerable diversity among 40 genotypes and were grouped into nine clusters. The maximum intra- cluster D2 (674.96) and D (25.98) distances were recorded by cluster II. The maximum inter cluster D2 value was observed between cluster III and IX (12973.21), III vs IV, IV vs VIII, II vs IV, VIII vs IX, II vs V, III vs VI, II vs IX, I vs III, III vs VII and VII vs IX were found to be divergent in the decreasing order of their magnitude. Hence, genotypes in these clusters could be utilized as parents and crossing among them would results in heterotic expression for yield components. Based on mean performance and genetic divergence studies the crosses: TCGS-1847 × TCGS-1864, TCGS-1877 × TCGS-1864, TCGS-1859 × TCGS-1912, TCGS-1861 × TCGS-1864, TCGS-1859 × TCGS-1864, TCGS-1847 × TCGS-1912 and TCGS-1912 × TCGS-1889 would create desirable segregants by combining all physiological, yield and yield components in groundnut. Critical analysis of results obtained from character association and path analysis indicated that kernel yield per plant, dry haulms yield per plant and harvest index had strong positive association with pod yield per plant which also had high magnitude of positive direct effect on pod yield per plant.