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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad.
The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966.
The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter.
HISTORICAL MILESTONE
Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication.
Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers
1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country...
1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country...
1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country...
1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension...
1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted...
June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University...
June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)...
20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India...
1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State...
23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India...
July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture...
May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department...
7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga...
15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005...
26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007...
2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now...
serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR SELECTIVE TOLERANCE TO POST EMERGENCE WEEDICIDE IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) BHANU REKHA, K; Dr. V. JAYALAKSHMIThe present investigation entitled ‘Genetic variability for selective tolerance to post emergence weedicide in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)’ was carried out during rabi, 2015-16 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India. Thirty chickpea genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Block design with three replications each in ‘spay’ and ‘control’. Post emergence herbicide imazethapyr was sprayed at 30 days after sowing and herbicide tolerance scores (HTS) at 10, 20 and 30 days after spray were recorded using 1-5 scale (1 = highly tolerant and 5 = highly sensitive). The experiment in which herbicide was applied is designated as ‘spray’ and a control block without herbicide spray (designated as ‘control’) was also grown to evaluate the influence of herbicide on yield and yield attributes of chickpea. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among 30 genotypes for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, specific leaf area, shoot biomass, harvest index, 100 seed weight and seed yield in ‘control’ and days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant, shoot biomass, harvest index, 100 seed weight and seed yield in ‘spray ’. The differences among the genotypes for number of branches and specific leaf area in ‘spray’ and SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR) in both ‘control’ and ‘spray’ were not significant. Assessment of plant appearance and leaf symptoms after herbicide application revealed large genetic variation for tolerance to imazethapyr in 30 chickpea genotypes. Herbicide tolerance scores (HTS) of genotypes ranged from 2.0 (ICCV 10,ICCV 08109,ICCIL 04021, ICCV 08102, ICCIL 04016, ICCV 97105, ICCV 11101, ST-3-D-2, ICCV 95008, ICCV 97007, ICCV 95013, ICCV 93122, ICCV 93054, ICCV 96005, ICC 1205 and N BeG 119) to 3.7 (N BeG 47 ) at 10 days after spray. At 30 days after spray, except JG 11(2.3) all the genotypes recovered fully and recorded HTS of 2.0. The overall decrease in seed yield due to imazethapyr was 18.5 % and it ranged from 1.63% (ICCIL 01031) to 45% (ICCIL 04004). A few promising chickpea lines viz., ICCIL 01034 , ICCV 09106, ICCIL 01026, ICCIL 01031, ST-3-D-2, N BeG 49 , N BeG 3, N BeG 47 and JG 11with tolerant to moderately tolerant reaction to imazethapyr, and with high yield in ‘spray’ as well as ‘control’ were identified in the study and can be utilized further in breeding programmes. Study of genetic variability revealed that in both ‘control’ and ‘spray’, higher PCV and GCV values were recorded for seed yield. High PCV and GCV values were also recorded for specific leaf area in ‘control’ and 100 seed weight in ‘spray’, respectively. Shoot biomass, 100 seed weight, harvest index and seed yield recorded high values of heritability and genetic advance in both ‘control’ and ‘spray’. Days to 50% flowering and SLA in ‘control’ also exhibited higher values of heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean. These characters with high values of heritability and genetic advance under selection can be improved more rapidly with less intensive evaluation than those with low heritability. Genetic divergence studies clearly distinguished thirty genotypes into five clusters. Promising genotypes along with high per se performance were N BeG 49, ICCIL 01031, N BeG 510 and N BeG 119 from cluster I; N BeG 47 from cluster II; ICCV 09106 from cluster III and ICCV 97007 from cluster V , which can be utilized in crossing programme to recover an array of transgressive segregants for various traits. Apart from these, elite genotypes with high yield and herbicide tolerance from clusters I (ICCIL 01034 , ICCIL 01026 and JG 11) and II ( ST-3-D- 2 and N BeG 3) can also be exploited in breeding programmes meant for improving tolerance to post emergence herbicide imazethapyr in chickpea. Correlation and path analysis studies revealed that number of pods per plant, shoot biomass, harvest index and 100 seed weight exhibited positive and highly significant association with seed yield and also among themselves. On the other hand, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were negatively and highly significantly correlated with seed yield. These traits followed the same trend in both ‘control’ and ‘spray’. Whereas, some deviation was observed in traits viz., plant height and number of branches per plant in ‘control’ and ‘spray’. Thus the correlated traits must be carefully studied while breeding for high yield along with tolerance to post emergence herbicide in chickpea. High seed yield is determined based on shoot biomass and harvest index in chickpea in both ‘control’ and ‘spray’ and these traits emerged as major contributors of seed yield as evidenced from their high direct effects as well as indirect via contributions of other correlated traits (number of pods, number of branches in ‘control’ and number of pods, 100 seed weight and plant height in ‘spray’).ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES ON PEANUT STEM NECROSIS TOLERANT GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) DHARANI NIVEDITHA, P; Dr. M. SUDHARANIThe present investigation entitled “Genetic diversity studies on Peanut Stem Necrosis tolerant groundnut genotypes” was carried out with fifty genotypes comprising of released, pre-release cultures and germplasm lines at Agricultural Reasearch Station, Kadiri during kharif, 2015 in a randomized block design with two replications. The data were recorded on five randomly selected plants for different yield, yield components and quality traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all characters studied indicating the existence of sufficient variation among the genotypes. The characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of filled pods per plant, total pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, sound mature kernel per cent, haulm yield per plant, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, shelling per cent, harvest index, 100 kernel weight, SCMR at 60 DAS, oil content and protein content were recorded for fifty genotypes. The study of per se performance indicated that the genotypes viz., 04 x 479-012, K 1501 and K 1643 were found to be superior for most of the yield contributing traits along with yield among the tested entries. These genotypes may be involved in the crossing programme duly estimating the general and specific combining abilities for the future improvement programme. xiii Study of genetic parameters revealed that kernel yield per plant, pod yield per plant, haulm yield per plant, protein content and number of filled pods per plant recorded high PCV, GCV, heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance as per cent of mean indicating ample scope for improvement of these traits through selection. The diversity studies grouped fifty genotypes into eight clusters. Among them, cluster II consisted of maximum number of genotypes (22), followed by cluster I (15) and cluster III (8). The clusters IV, V, VI, VII and VIII were monogenotypic and consisted of single genotype. An analysis of the inter and intracluster distances revealed maximum inter-cluster distance between clusters IV and VIII followed by VI and VIII, III and V and clusters III and VII, indicating that genotypes from these clusters were highly divergent meriting their consideration in selection as parents for hybridization. Among all the characters studied, SCMR at 60 DAS contributed maximum to the diversity followed by protein content and harvest index. A perusal of the results of character association revealed positive and significant association of kernel yield with days to maturity, pods per plant, 100 kernel weight, pod yield per plant, shelling per cent, SCMR at 60 DAS and haulm yield per plant, indicating an increase in kernel yield would realize with an improvement in these characters. Therefore, priority should be given to these traits while making selections for kernel yield improvement. A perusal of the results on path coefficients for yield and yield components revealed high residual effect for both phenotypic and genotypic path coefficients, indicating that other attributes besides the characters studied are contributing for kernel yield and oil content. The results also revealed high positive direct effects of haulm yield per plant, shelling per cent, harvest index and 100 kernel weight on kernel yield per plant and shelling per cent on oil content. Hence, these traits should be considered as important selection criteria in all groundnut improvement programmes and direct selection for these traits is recommended for kernel yield and oil content improvement in groundnut.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC AND STABILITY ANALYSIS IN DROUGHT TOLERANT GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) LOKESHWAR REDDY, AMBATI; Dr. T. SRINIVASThe present investigation entitled “Genetic and stability analysis in drought tolerant groundnut genotypes” was carried out with 30 identified drought tolerant groundnut genotypes, inclusive of four checks at Agricultural Research Station, Kadiri during kharif 2015. The experimental material was sown in three dates of sowing i.e., 1st July, 16th July and 6th August, representing early kharif, normal kharif and late kharif groundnut growing seasons and was evaluated in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications and data was recorded on different yield, physiological and quality traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for yield, physiological and quality traits revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all characters studied in all the three seasons. Higher pod, kernel and haulm yields per plant in addition to high 100 kernel weight, sound mature kernel per cent, SCMR, oil content and protein content along with desirable SLA were recorded for normal kharif sowings indicating suitability of the season, compared to early and late kharif seasons. The results on seasonal indices also revealed normal kharif to be congenial for most of the traits. Pooled analysis across the seasons revealed highly significant genotype × season interaction for all traits. The seasons + (genotypes × seasons) interaction was also observed to be significant for all traits studied. Further, partitioning of the season + (genotype × season) component into season (linear) revealed the significance of season (linear) component for all traits in addition to higher magnitude of mean sum of squares for seasons (linear), compared to genotype × season (linear) indicating that linear response of season accounted for major part of the total variation for all the traits studied. However, mean squares for pooled deviation (non-linear) were also significant for pods per plant, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, SCMR and haulm yield per plant, indicating that both linear and non-linear components contributed to the genotype × season interaction observed for these traits. xiii An analysis on stability parameters, revealed greater number of genotypes with wider adaptability across seasons for various traits studied, compared to genotypes adapted to specific season (poor/favourable). K1717 and K1802 were identified as potential genotypes for pod yield per plant; K1899 and K1884 for kernel yield per plant; K1809 and Anantha for oil content; and K1886 and K1813 for kernel yield per plant coupled with oil content were identified for cultivation across the groundnut growing kharif seasons studied. The studies on variability and other genetic parameters revealed moderate to high GCV and PCV coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance as per cent mean for haulm yield per plant and free proline content indicating ample scope for improvement of these traits through selection. A perusal of the results on character associations and path coefficients revealed phenotypic and genotypic correlations and path coefficients of similar direction and significance. The genotypic correlations and path coefficients were also in general higher than phenotypic correlation and path coefficient values for almost all the characters, indicating the masking effect of environment on these traits. The results also revealed high residual effect for both phenotypic and genotypic path coefficients indicating that other attributes besides the characters studied are contributing for both kernel yield per plant and oil content. High positive directs were observed for pod yield per plant, pods per plant and 100 kernel weight on kernel yield per plant; and for kernel yield per plant, pod yield per plant and pods per plant on oil content, indicating the effectiveness of direct selection for these traits in improvement of kernel yield and oil content, respectively. Indirect effects of other traits were also observed mostly through these traits and therefore, pod yield per plant and pods per plant are identified as effective selection criteria for effecting simultaneous improvement of both kernel yield per plant and oil content in groundnut. The genotypes, K1717 and K1802 for pod yield per plant; K1899 and K1884 for kernel yield per plant; K1809 and Anantha for oil content; and K1886 and K1813 for kernel yield per plant coupled with oil content were identified for cultivation across the groundnut growing kharif seasons studied.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS IN DROUGHT TOLERANT GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2015) VENKATESH, K; Dr. T.SRINIVASThe present investigation entitled “Genetic diversity for physiological and productivity traits in drought tolerant groundnut genotypes” was carried out with 50 genotypes to study their diversity, in addition to variability, heritability, genetic advance, character associations and path effects for productivity and physiological traits with a view to identify potential and genetically diverse genotypes along with suitable selection criteria for higher kernel yield in drought tolerant groundnut. The experiment was conducted during kharif’ 2014 in a randomized block design with three replications at the College Farm, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh and data was recorded on yield, yield components and physiological traits. The results revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all characters studied, indicating the existence of sufficient variation among the genotypes studied. The per se performance revealed higher number of pods per plant, filled pods per plant and kernels per plant in addition to lower days to maturity, plant height and SLA for spanish bunch genotypes, while virgina genotypes had recorded higher sound mature kernel per cent, 100 kernel weight, shelling per cent, SCMR, pod, haulm and kernel yields per plant. Among the spanish bunch genotypes, those with ICRISAT origin had recorded higher average for pods per plant, filled pods per plant, kernels per plant, SCMR and haulm yield per plant, while the genotype with Tirupathi origin had recorded higher sound mature kernel per cent and 100 kernel weight, in addition to lower days to maturity, plant height and SLA. However, genotypes with Kadiri origin had recorded higher average for pod yield per plant, shelling per cent and kernel yield per plant. In general, K1725 had recorded maximum and significantly higher pod, haulm and kernel yields per plant, compared to other genotypes studied in the present investigation, indicating its potential as an important parent in hybridization programmes aimed at improvement of these traits. Further, it was also observed to be on par with the best genotype for shelling per cent and SCMR. Quantitative assessment of genetic divergence resulted in grouping of the genotypes into nine clusters. Among these, cluster I consisted of maximum genotypes (26), while cluster III had nine genotypes; cluster IV had seven genotypes; cluster VIII had three genotypes. The clusters II, V, VI, VII and IX were monogenotypic and consisted of single genotype. The mode of distribution of xiv genotypes from different geographical regions into various clusters was at random indicating that geographic diversity and genetic diversity are not related. Classification of the genotypes in each cluster based on habit group also revealed the distribution of genotypes to be at random indicating that habit group and genetic diversity were also not related. An analysis of the inter and intra-cluster distances revealed maximum inter-cluster distance between clusters VI and VIII followed by I and VIII indicating that genotypes from these clusters were highly divergent meriting their consideration in selection of parents for hybridization. Further, intra-cluster distance was observed to be maximum for cluster VIII, while it was zero for the monogenotypic clusters, II, V, VI, VII and IX as they included only single genotype. A perusal of the results on cluster means revealed high pods per plant, filled pods per plant, kernels per plant, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant and haulm yield per plant for cluster, IX. However, 100 kernel weight was more for cluster VIII. In contrast, high SMK and early maturity was noticed for cluster VII; low plant height and high shelling per cent was observed for cluster V; and high SCMR in addition to low and desirable SLA was recorded for cluster VI, indicating the importance of selection of genotypes from the corresponding clusters in hybridization programmes for effecting improvement of the respective traits. Further, 100 kernel weight was observed to contribute maximum, followed by haulm yield per plant towards the total divergence. An analysis of the results on variability, heritability and genetic advance revealed high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean for 100 kernel weight, pod yield per plant, haulm yield per plant and kernel yield per plant indicating scope for improvement of these traits through selection. A perusal of the results on character associations revealed positive and significant association of kernel yield with days to maturity, pods per plant, 100 kernel weight, pod yield per plant, shelling per cent, SCMR and haulm yield per plant was observed in the present investigation, indicating an increase in kernel yield with an increase in these characters. Further, significant and negative associations were noticed for kernel yield per plant with plant height. A perusal of the results on inter-character associations revealed significant and positive association of days to maturity with plant height, pods per plant; pods per plant with filled pods per plant, kernels per plant, sound mature kernels per cent, pod yield per plant and haulm yield per plant; filled pods per plant with kernels per plant, sound mature kernels per cent and pod yield per plant; kernels per plant with pod yield per plant; 100 kernel weight with pod yield per plant and SCMR, in the present investigation, indicating a scope for simultaneous improvement of these traits through selection. In contrast, significant and negative association of plant height with SCMR; kernels per plant with 100 kernel weight; sound mature kernels per cent with specific leaf area; pod yield per plant with shelling per cent and SCMR; and shelling(%) with SCMR were observed in the present study, indicating the need for balanced selection while effecting simultaneous improvement for these traits. A perusal of the results on path coefficients revealed high residual effect for both phenotypic and genotypic path coefficients, respectively, indicating that other attributes besides the characters studied are contributing for kernel yield. The results also revealed days to maturity, pods per plant, 100 kernel weight, pod yield per plant, shelling per cent and haulm yield as important selection criteria for kernel yield improvement in drought tolerant groundnut. K 1725, K 1719, K 1717, K1718 and K 1848 have been identified in the present investigation as potential genotypes for kernel yield per plant and majority of other characters studied. Hybridization of K 1725, K 1719, K 1717 and K 1718 genotypes belonging to Cluster III with K 1848 of Cluster I is expected to result in transgressive segregants with high yield and desirable yield component characters. Studies on variability, heritability, character associations and path coefficients also revealed 100 kernel weight, pod and haulm yields per plant to be effective selection criteria for kernel yield improvement in drought tolerant groundnut.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON STABILITY FOR YIELD AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS ACROSS RICE GROWING ENVIRON(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) SIVAKRISHNA, NESE; SRINIVAS, TThe present investigation was carried out with 21 rice genotypes at the College Farm of Agricultural College, Mahanandi of Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University during kharif 2014 to identify stable genotypes across kharif seasons, in addition to assessment of variability, genetic parameters, character association and path coefficients for yield, yield components and physiological characters. The experimental material was sown in randomized block design with three replications during the three seasons of study, namely early kharif, normal kharif and late kharif. Observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants for yield, yield components and physiological characters. The data was subjected to standard statistical procedures for drawing of valid conclusions and interpretations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for early kharif, normal kharif and late kharif revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all characters studied in all the three seasons, indicating the existence of sufficient variation among the genotypes studied. Pooled analysis revealed significant mean squares due to genotypes and seasons for grain yield and the yield component traits studied in the present investigation, indicating the existence of significant variation among the genotypes studied in addition to considerable seasonal variance. Highly significant genotype x season interaction was also observed for the various traits, indicating a variable response of the genotype to the different seasons studied. Further, a perusal of the results on seasonal indices for grain yield and yield component traits also revealed variable response of the seasons to the different traits studied. Normal kharif was observed to be congenial for productive tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), dry matter production at harvest, CGR, RGR and grain yield per plant, while early kharif was noticed to be conducive for panicle length. In contrast, late kharif was observed to be suitable for days to maturity, plant height and 1000 seed weight. A perusal of the results on stability ANOVA revealed the significance of seasons+ (genotypes x seasons) interaction for all traits studied. Further partitioning of the season + (genotype x season) component into season (linear) revealed the significance of season (linear) component for all the traits, except, CGR, indicating the significance of differences between seasons and their influence on the genotypes for expression of these traits. Genotype x season (linear) was also observed to be significant for all the characters studied indicating that the genotypes were diverse for their regression response to change with the season. The mean squares for pooled deviation (non-linear) were also significant for all characters indicating that both linear and non-linear components contributed to the genotype x season interaction observed for various traits in the present investigation. An analysis of the results on the stability parameters, namely, mean (X), regression coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression coefficient (S2di) revealed greater number of genotypes with wider adaptability across seasons for various traits studied, compared to genotypes adapted to specific season (poor / favourable). Eight genotypes (MTU 11371-44-1-1, MTU 11320-30-1-1, KNM 604, WGL 678, BPT 2615, JGL 21078, RNR 11442 and RNR 11718) were noticed to possess high grain yield per plant in addition to non-significant regression coefficient (bi=1) and deviation from regression (S2di=0). Among these, RNR 11718, MTU PS 8-7-1-1 and MTU 11371-4-1-1 were identified as potential genotypes suitable for cultivation across the paddy growing kharif seasons prevalent in the zone. The genotype, BPT 2671, however, had recorded high grain yield per plant, in addition to bi>1 and S2di=0, indicating its suitability for favourable season alone, namely, normal kharif under the scarce rainfall zone conditions of Andhra Pradesh. The studies on genetic parameters of variability revealed high range combined with moderate GCV and PCV, in addition to high heritability and high genetic advance as per cent mean in the present study for filled grains per panicle, indicating the preponderance of additive gene action and therefore scope for improvement of the trait through selection. A perusal of the results on character associations and path co-efficients revealed phenotypic and genotypic correlations and path co-efficients of similar direction and significance. The genotypic correlations and path co-efficients were also in general higher than phenotypic correlation and path co-efficient values for almost all the characters, indicating the masking effect of environment on these traits. The results also revealed high residual effect for both phenotypic and genotypic path co-efficients, respectively, indicating that variables studied in the present investigation explained only about 77 (phenotypic) and 71 (genotypic) per cent of the variability in grain yield and therefore, other attributes, besides the characters studied are contributing for grain yield per plant. A detailed analysis of the direct and indirect effects revealed high positive direct effect of 1000 seed weight followed by filled grains per panicle on grain yield per plant. These traits had also recorded highly significant and strong positive association with grain yield per plant. High direct effects of these traits therefore appear to be the main factor for their strong association with grain yield. Hence, these traits should be considered as important selection criteria in all rice improvement programmes and direct selection for these traits is recommended for yield improvement. RNR 11718, MTU PS 8-7-1-1 and MTU 11371-44-1-1 are identified as stable and widely adaptable genotypes for cultivation across seasons, in addition to BPT 2671 for cultivation during normal kharif season only, under the scarce rainfall zone conditions of Andhra Pradesh. Further, filled grains per panicle and 1000 seed weight are identified as potential selection criteria for effective improvement of grain yield in rice.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERSITY, HYBRID VIGOUR AND FERTILITY RESTORATION IN CMS BASED LINES AND INBREDS OF PIGEONPEA [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.](Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) GURUVENDRA REDDY, V; JAYALAKSHMI, VThe present investigation on “Studies on genetic diversity, hybrid vigour and fertility restoration in CMS based lines and inbreds of pigeonpea” was undertaken at the College Farm, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, during Kharif 2013. The studies involved evaluation of 47 genotypes (22 B and 25 R lines) for their mean performance and genetic divergence, in addition to 24 pigeonpea hybrids, along with the check, Asha for their mean performance, extent of fertility restored and heterosis, with respect to yield and yield components, in a randomized block design with two replications. Studies on per se performance of the 47 genotypes revealed higher means for seed yield per plant and the yield attributes, namely, days to 50 per cent flowering and maturity, plant height, primary and secondary branches per plant, pods per plant and 100 seed weight for R lines, compared to B lines. The 47 genotypes studied in the present investigation were grouped into ten clusters based on their genetic divergence. Among the ten clusters, cluster I was the largest comprising of 35 genotypes, representing collections from Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Bihar, while the clusters IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and X comprised of one genotype each. The distribution pattern of genotypes into different clusters revealed no parallelism between genetic and Author : V. GURUVENDRA REDDY Title of the thesis : STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERSITY, HYBRID VIGOUR AND FERTILITY RESTORATION IN CMS BASED LINES AND INBREDS OF PIGEONPEA [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] Chairperson : Dr. V. JAYALAKSHMI Degree to which it is submitted : MASTER OF SCIENCE Faculty : AGRICULTURE Department : GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING University : ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2014 xiii geographic diversity. An analysis of inter-cluster D2 values revealed higher divergence between cluster VIII and cluster IX, followed by cluster IX and X indicated that hybridization between parents selected from these clusters may result in maximum heterosis. Further, the results on cluster means revealed that there was no cluster with at least one genotype with all the desirable traits, indicating the need for judicious combination of all the targeted traits required hybridization between the selected genotypes from divergent clusters. In addition, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, plant height, days to maturity and seed yield per plant together contributed for about 81.31 per cent of the total divergence and hence these traits to be emphasised during selection. The results on character associations for yield and yield components revealed phenotypic and genotypic correlations to be of similar direction and significance. In addition, the genotypic correlations were noticed to be higher than phenotypic correlation values for almost all the characters, indicating the masking effect of environment on these traits. Further, seed yield per plant was observed to be significantly and positively associated with days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and number of pods per plant indicating their importance as selection criteria in pigeonpea yield improvement programmes. A perusal of the results on path coefficients revealed genotypic and phenotypic path co-efficients to be of similar direction and magnitude in general. Further, the genotypic path co-efficients were observed to be of higher magnitude, compared to phenotypic path co-efficients indicating the masking effect of environment. The results also revealed high residual effect for both phenotypic and genotypic path co-efficients respectively indicating that variables studied in the present investigation explained only partial variability in yield and therefore, other attributes besides the characters studied are contributing for seed yield per plant. A detailed analysis of the direct and indirect effects also revealed the need of direct selection for number of pods per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and number of primary branches per plant in pigeonpea yield improvement programmes. The results on per se performance of 24 pigeonpea hybrids and the check, Asha for seed yield revealed that the hybrids ICPH 4500 and ICPH 3474 had recorded seed yield per plant on par with ICPH 3762, the hybrid with maximum seed yield per plant in the present study. In addition, ICPH 2671, ICPH 3481, ICPH 4490, ICPH 2751, ICPH 4013, ICPH 4500, ICPH 4431, ICPH 4182, ICPH 4395, ICPH 4539, ICPH 3816, ICPH 2680 and ICPH 3492 hybrids had also recorded greater seed yield per plant, compared to the check, Asha. Further, based on pollen fertility per cent of the hybrids, ICPL 20098, ICPL 20123, ICPL 20137 and ICPL 87119 R lines were categorized to be good restorers. The present investigation also revealed significant levels of heterosis for yield and yield component characters. The results on heterosis of 24 pigeonpea hybrids over midparent, better parent, and the check, Asha for seed yield and yield components revealed maximum heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard check for seed yield per plant, followed by number of secondary branches and pods per plant. High heterosis of more than 100 per cent over the check, Asha; more than 50 per cent over mid-parent; and more than 30 per cent over better parent, was noticed in the hybrids, ICPH 3762 and ICPH 3474. High heterosis for seed yield per plant in these hybrids was also in general reflected for the yield attributes. The study resulted in the identification of ICPH 3762 and ICPH 3474, mid-late hybrids, with high per se performance and heterosis for seed yield and majority of yield attributes as promising hybrids for large scale commercial cultivation. Performance of these hybrids however, needs to be assessed over seasons and locations for information on stability in performance, prior to large scale adoption.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES FOR YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS IN RECENTLY RELEASED VARIETIES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) SAMEERA, SHAIK; PRASANNA RAJESH, AThe present investigation entitled “Genetic variability studies for yield and quality characters in recently released varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was carried out with 25 varieties at the College farm of Agricultural College, Mahanandi of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University during Kharif 2013 to identify varieties with yield and quality on par or superior to BPT 5204, in addition to assessment of variability, genetic parameters, character associations and path coefficients for yield, yield components and quality characters. The experimental material was sown in a randomized block design with three replications and observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants for 12 yield and yield components and 13 quality characters. The results revealed highly significant mean squares due to varieties for all traits, indicating the existence of sufficient variation among the varieties for different yield and quality traits studied. A detailed analysis of the results on per se performance of yield, yield components and quality characters of the rice varieties studied in the present investigation revealed NLR 34449, RNR 15048, Author : SHAIK SAMEERA Title of the thesis : GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES FOR YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS IN RECENTLY RELEASED VARIETIES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) Chairperson : Dr. A. PRASANNA RAJESH Degree to which it is submitted : MASTER OF SCIENCE Faculty : AGRICULTURE Department : GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING University : ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2014 JGL 19621, JGL 11470 and JGL 11727 to be promising with high yield potential and good quality and are therefore identified for replacement of BPT 5204 in the scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh. However, the varietal performance of these varieties across locations and seasons needs to be evaluated prior to large scale recommendation. The studies on variability and genetic parameters revealed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean and high GCV for productive tillers per plant followed by number of tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle and number of filled grains per panicle, alkali spreading value and water uptake indicating the pre-ponderance of additive gene action and scope for their improvement through selection. The studies on character association and path co-efficients also revealed the importance and effectiveness of direct selection for productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle and number of tillers per plant for improvement of grain yield in rice. However, majority of the quality traits studied in the present investigation had recorded non-significant associations with grain yield per plant, in addition to indirect effects, indicating and the ineffectiveness of simultaneous selection for yield and majority of the quality attributes.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF MOLECULAR DIVERSITY IN SUGARCANE GENOTYPES (Saccharum officinarum L.)”(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) BASU SURESH REDDY; CHARUMATHI, MThe present investigation was carried out atP.Dharmavaram,M/s Etikoppaka sugar factory Limited Vishakhapatnam District (Andhra Pradesh) during 2014-2015 crop season with 14 genotypes of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) to study variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as per cent of mean, association of yield components with cane yield, CCS yield and juice quality characters, direct and indirect effects of yield components on cane and sugar and estimation of genetic diversity using RAPD markers in 14 sugarcane genotypes. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference among 14 genotypes for all the characters studied. The clones viz., 2000A 56, 2000A 240, 2001A 63, 2006A 102 and 87A 298 were identified as the best clones among early group. The clones 98A 163, 2000A 225, 2004A 104, and 2000A 226 were registered as the superior clones among the midlate group based on higher mean values for shoot population at 120 DAP, 240 DAP, NMC at harvest, cane length, cane diameter, single cane weight, sucrose per cent, CCS per cent, cane and CCS yields. Cane length, cane volume, cane and CCS yield showed inheritance of additive gene action. Germination per cent, shoot / stalk population at 120 DAP, 180 DAP and 240 DAP, NMC at harvest, purity per cent and fibre percent showed non additive inheritance of gene action in sugarcane. Stalk population at 90 DAP, brix per cent, sucrose per cent, CCS per cent, cane diameter, single cane weight and fibre per cent showed inheritance of both additive and non additive gene action in sugarcane. Name of the Author : BASU SURESH REDDY Title of the Thesis : STUDY OF MOLECULAR DIVERSITY IN SUGARCANE GENOTYPES (Saccharum officinarum L.) Degree to which it is submitted : Master of Science in Agriculture Faculty : Agriculture Department : Genetics and Plant Breeding Major Advisor : Dr. M. CHARUMATHI University : Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Year of submission : 2015 The magnitude of genotypic correlations was higher than phenotypic correlations indicating the greater influence of genotype than environment. Character association studies indicated that the cane yield showed positive significant association with germination percent, shoot population at 180DAP,NMC, brix per cent, sucrose per cent, CCS per cent, cane diameter, single cane weight, cane length, cane volume and CCS yield both at phenotypic and genotypic levels, where as CCS yield showed significant positive association with germination per cent at 35 DAP, stalk population at 180 DAP and 240 DAP, NMC at harvest, brix per cent, sucrose per cent, purity per cent, CCS per cent, cane diameter, single cane weight, cane volume and cane yield at both phenotypic and genotypic level. Quality parameters viz., brix per cent, sucrose per cent and CCS per cent had positive and significant association with cane yield and sugar yield both at phenotypic and genotypic levels suggests that selection can be made simultaneous for both cane yield and quality traits. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the germination per cent, stalk population at 180 DAP and 240 DAP, brix per cent, purity per cent, single cane weight and CCS yield had high positive direct effect on cane yield both at phenotypic and genotypic level. High positive direct effects of germination per cent, shoot population at 90 DAP, stalk population at 120, sucrose per cent, CCS per cent,cane diameter single cane weight, cane volume, fiber per cent and cane yield on sugar yield both at phenotypic and genotypic level indicated greater contribution of the characters to sugar yield. Direct selection based on the above characters would be rewarding for bringing improvement in cane and sugar yields. The molecular diversity study was carried out among 14 sugarcane genotypes using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. RAPD analysis resolved 161 loci were polymorphic with an average of 88.43% polymorphism. These primers amplified five unique loci in 14 sugarcane genotypes. Each primer thus produced on an average 6.44 polymorphic loci. The 100% polymorphism was shown by OPA 05, OPA 09, OPA 10, OPB 15, OPB 20,OPC 10 and OPC 14 primers and the minimum 71.43% polymorphism was shown by OPA 15. 12 primers viz. OPA 02, OPA 10, OPA 12, OPB 07, OPB 08, OPB 10, OPB 13, OPB 15, OPB 19, OPB 20,OPC 5 and OPC 15 showed more than 0.70 PIC value indicating that these primers may be considered as more informative. five unique bands are produced by the primers OPA 07, OPA 15, OPB 10, OPB 19 and OPC 05 for the varieties 98A 163,2000A 240,2004A 104, 2007A 177 and 2000A 226 respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis placed these genotypes into different clusters. The pair wise similarity index values ranged from 0.26 to 0.47. Maximum similarity index value 0.472 was observed between 2006A 102 and Co7219 followed a value of 0.471 was observed between 2000A 225 and 2006A 102 and the genotypes 98A 163 and 2000A 225 has the similarity index value of 0.46 and minimum similarity index value 0.289 between 2000A 56 and 2007A 177. Maximum genetic distance 0.641 was observed between 2006A 102, Co 7219, 2006A 102 and 2000A 225 and the genotypes has the genetic distance value of 0.636 which is followed by 98A163 and 2000A 225 and minimum 0.408 between 2007A 177 and Co 6907. The results revealed that RAPD analysis could be used to discriminate the sugarcane genotypes having maximum genetic diversity which serve as an effective tool to utilize in introgressive breeding programmes. Evaluation of clones based on SCMR values resulted in identification of promising clones viz., 2000A 56, 2000A 240 and 2000A 213 (Early group), 98A 163, 2000A 225 and 2000A 226 (Midlate group) for drought tolerance in sugarcane. Evaluation of clones based on number of green leaves resulted in identification of promising clones viz., 2001A 63, 2000A 240 and 87A 298 (Early group), 2004A 104, 2000A 225 and 2007A 177 (Midlate group) in sugarcane. It was identified from the study that clones viz., 2000A 56, 2000A 213, 2000A 240, 2001A 63, 2006A 102(Early group), 98A 163, 2000A 225, 2000A 226 and 2004A 104 were found to be promising for tolerance to drought in addition to higher cane yield and quality parameters. Molecular diversity of RAPD assay revealed that Maximum genetic distance was observed between 2006A 102, Co 7219, 2006A 102 and 2000A 225 followed by 98A163 and 2000A 225 indicated that they can be utilized in breeding programmes for broadening the genetic base and evolving of future varieties in sugarcane.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND SCREENING FOR SALINITY TOLERANCE IN SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) GENOTYPES(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) VENNELA, N; ADILAKSHMI, DThe present investigation was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle, Vishakhapatnam District (Andhra Pradesh) during crop seasons 2015-2016 with twenty genotypes of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) to study variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as per cent of mean, association of yield components with cane yield, CCS yield and among juice quality characters, direct and indirect effects of yield components on cane and sugar yields and screening for salinity tolerance in sugarcane genotypes. The analysis of variance revealed that significant differences among twenty genotypes for all the characters studied. The genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters studied were lesser than the phenotypic coefficients of variation indicating the masking effect of environment. Stalk population at 120 DAP and 180 DAP, sucrose per cent, CCS per cent, cane diameter, cane volume, fibre per cent, cane yield and CCS yield showed inheritance of additive gene action in these characters. Germination per cent 35 DAP, shoot population at 90 DAP, NMC at harvest, brix per cent, purity per cent, cane length and single cane weight showed inheritance of non additive gene action. The differential pattern of gene action for the characters could be due to differences in sample size, estimation procedures and environmental variation. The magnitude of genotypic correlations was higher than phenotypic correlations indicating the greater influence of genotype than environment. Existence of significant and positive associations of NMC at harvest, single cane weight and CCS yield with cane yield while number of millable canes, brix per cent, sucrose per cent, CCS per cent and cane yield with CCS yield and positive significant associations among themselves suggested the possibilities of improvement in cane yield and CCS yield through Name of the Author : N. VENNELA Title of the Thesis : STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND SCREENING FOR SALINITY TOLERANCE IN SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) GENOTYPES Degree to which it is submitted : MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE Faculty : AGRICULTURE Department : GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING Major Advisor : DR. D. ADILAKSHMI University : ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2016 simultaneous selection of component characters. No definite trend was observed for correlation coefficients among quality parameters. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the germination per cent at 35 DAP, shoot population at 90 DAP, stalk population at 180 DAP, NMC at harvest, sucrose per cent, CCS per cent, cane length, single cane weight, cane volume and fibre per cent had high positive direct effect on cane yield at phenotypic level and shoot population at 90 DAP, stalk population at 120 DAP, NMC at harvest, brix per cent, purity per cent, CCS per cent, cane length, cane diameter, single cane weight and fibre per cent at genotypic level. High positive direct effects of germination per cent at 35 DAP, shoot population at 90 DAP, stalk population at180 DAP, NMC at harvest, sucrose per cent, CCS per cent, cane length, cane diameter, single cane weight and fibre per cent on sugar yield at phenotypic level and germination per cent at 35 DAP, stalk population at 120 DAP and 180 DAP, NMC at harvest, brix per cent, purity per cent, CCS per cent, cane length, cane diameter, single cane weight and fibre per cent on sugar yield at genotypic level indicated greater contribution of the characters to sugar yield. Direct selection based on the above characters would be rewarding for bringing improvement in cane and sugar yields. The results of D2 analysis indicated the presence of considerable genetic divergence among the 20 genotypes studied. The 20 genotypes are grouped into five clusters. Out of 16 characters studied cane yield, fibre per cent, cane volume, CCS yield, germination per cent at 35 DAP, sucrose per cent and cane diameter contributed maximum towards divergence. Based on these studies crosses may be made between genotypes of cluster I and cluster V followed by genotypes of cluster I and cluster III to obtain new desirable recombinants in sugarcane. The Shoot dry matter and root dry matter was decreased with increasing salt stress. Sodium content in plant tissue increased in all sugarcane genotypes with increasing salt stress. The value were significantly higher in susceptible genotypes viz., 2001A63 and 2003A255 than that of tolerant genotypes viz., 2000A225, 97A85, 87A298 and 93A145 both in saline soil with normal irrigation water and neutral soil with saline irrigation water. Potassium content in plant tissue with rising salt stress. When both tolerant and susceptible groups were compared for potassium content, it was found that the values of potassium content in shoot of tolerant genotypes were significantly higher than that of susceptible genotypes. Sodium accumulation coinciding with loss or restriction of potassium uptake during salinity. Genotypes which exhibited higher K+/Na+ prone to be tolerant among all the genotypes studied in present investigation. Among the all clones studied 2000A225 exhibited tolerant to salinity and 2001A63 and 2003A255 exhibited susceptible to salinity in both saline soil with normal irrigation water and neutral soil with saline irrigation water.