Thumbnail Image

Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

News

https://angrau.ac.in/ANGRU/Library_Resources.aspx

Browse

201518
Reset filters
Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2015 × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 18
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS IN DROUGHT TOLERANT GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2015) VENKATESH, K; Dr. T.SRINIVAS
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic diversity for physiological and productivity traits in drought tolerant groundnut genotypes” was carried out with 50 genotypes to study their diversity, in addition to variability, heritability, genetic advance, character associations and path effects for productivity and physiological traits with a view to identify potential and genetically diverse genotypes along with suitable selection criteria for higher kernel yield in drought tolerant groundnut. The experiment was conducted during kharif’ 2014 in a randomized block design with three replications at the College Farm, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh and data was recorded on yield, yield components and physiological traits. The results revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all characters studied, indicating the existence of sufficient variation among the genotypes studied. The per se performance revealed higher number of pods per plant, filled pods per plant and kernels per plant in addition to lower days to maturity, plant height and SLA for spanish bunch genotypes, while virgina genotypes had recorded higher sound mature kernel per cent, 100 kernel weight, shelling per cent, SCMR, pod, haulm and kernel yields per plant. Among the spanish bunch genotypes, those with ICRISAT origin had recorded higher average for pods per plant, filled pods per plant, kernels per plant, SCMR and haulm yield per plant, while the genotype with Tirupathi origin had recorded higher sound mature kernel per cent and 100 kernel weight, in addition to lower days to maturity, plant height and SLA. However, genotypes with Kadiri origin had recorded higher average for pod yield per plant, shelling per cent and kernel yield per plant. In general, K1725 had recorded maximum and significantly higher pod, haulm and kernel yields per plant, compared to other genotypes studied in the present investigation, indicating its potential as an important parent in hybridization programmes aimed at improvement of these traits. Further, it was also observed to be on par with the best genotype for shelling per cent and SCMR. Quantitative assessment of genetic divergence resulted in grouping of the genotypes into nine clusters. Among these, cluster I consisted of maximum genotypes (26), while cluster III had nine genotypes; cluster IV had seven genotypes; cluster VIII had three genotypes. The clusters II, V, VI, VII and IX were monogenotypic and consisted of single genotype. The mode of distribution of xiv genotypes from different geographical regions into various clusters was at random indicating that geographic diversity and genetic diversity are not related. Classification of the genotypes in each cluster based on habit group also revealed the distribution of genotypes to be at random indicating that habit group and genetic diversity were also not related. An analysis of the inter and intra-cluster distances revealed maximum inter-cluster distance between clusters VI and VIII followed by I and VIII indicating that genotypes from these clusters were highly divergent meriting their consideration in selection of parents for hybridization. Further, intra-cluster distance was observed to be maximum for cluster VIII, while it was zero for the monogenotypic clusters, II, V, VI, VII and IX as they included only single genotype. A perusal of the results on cluster means revealed high pods per plant, filled pods per plant, kernels per plant, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant and haulm yield per plant for cluster, IX. However, 100 kernel weight was more for cluster VIII. In contrast, high SMK and early maturity was noticed for cluster VII; low plant height and high shelling per cent was observed for cluster V; and high SCMR in addition to low and desirable SLA was recorded for cluster VI, indicating the importance of selection of genotypes from the corresponding clusters in hybridization programmes for effecting improvement of the respective traits. Further, 100 kernel weight was observed to contribute maximum, followed by haulm yield per plant towards the total divergence. An analysis of the results on variability, heritability and genetic advance revealed high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean for 100 kernel weight, pod yield per plant, haulm yield per plant and kernel yield per plant indicating scope for improvement of these traits through selection. A perusal of the results on character associations revealed positive and significant association of kernel yield with days to maturity, pods per plant, 100 kernel weight, pod yield per plant, shelling per cent, SCMR and haulm yield per plant was observed in the present investigation, indicating an increase in kernel yield with an increase in these characters. Further, significant and negative associations were noticed for kernel yield per plant with plant height. A perusal of the results on inter-character associations revealed significant and positive association of days to maturity with plant height, pods per plant; pods per plant with filled pods per plant, kernels per plant, sound mature kernels per cent, pod yield per plant and haulm yield per plant; filled pods per plant with kernels per plant, sound mature kernels per cent and pod yield per plant; kernels per plant with pod yield per plant; 100 kernel weight with pod yield per plant and SCMR, in the present investigation, indicating a scope for simultaneous improvement of these traits through selection. In contrast, significant and negative association of plant height with SCMR; kernels per plant with 100 kernel weight; sound mature kernels per cent with specific leaf area; pod yield per plant with shelling per cent and SCMR; and shelling(%) with SCMR were observed in the present study, indicating the need for balanced selection while effecting simultaneous improvement for these traits. A perusal of the results on path coefficients revealed high residual effect for both phenotypic and genotypic path coefficients, respectively, indicating that other attributes besides the characters studied are contributing for kernel yield. The results also revealed days to maturity, pods per plant, 100 kernel weight, pod yield per plant, shelling per cent and haulm yield as important selection criteria for kernel yield improvement in drought tolerant groundnut. K 1725, K 1719, K 1717, K1718 and K 1848 have been identified in the present investigation as potential genotypes for kernel yield per plant and majority of other characters studied. Hybridization of K 1725, K 1719, K 1717 and K 1718 genotypes belonging to Cluster III with K 1848 of Cluster I is expected to result in transgressive segregants with high yield and desirable yield component characters. Studies on variability, heritability, character associations and path coefficients also revealed 100 kernel weight, pod and haulm yields per plant to be effective selection criteria for kernel yield improvement in drought tolerant groundnut.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON STABILITY FOR YIELD AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS ACROSS RICE GROWING ENVIRON
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) SIVAKRISHNA, NESE; SRINIVAS, T
    The present investigation was carried out with 21 rice genotypes at the College Farm of Agricultural College, Mahanandi of Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University during kharif 2014 to identify stable genotypes across kharif seasons, in addition to assessment of variability, genetic parameters, character association and path coefficients for yield, yield components and physiological characters. The experimental material was sown in randomized block design with three replications during the three seasons of study, namely early kharif, normal kharif and late kharif. Observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants for yield, yield components and physiological characters. The data was subjected to standard statistical procedures for drawing of valid conclusions and interpretations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for early kharif, normal kharif and late kharif revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all characters studied in all the three seasons, indicating the existence of sufficient variation among the genotypes studied. Pooled analysis revealed significant mean squares due to genotypes and seasons for grain yield and the yield component traits studied in the present investigation, indicating the existence of significant variation among the genotypes studied in addition to considerable seasonal variance. Highly significant genotype x season interaction was also observed for the various traits, indicating a variable response of the genotype to the different seasons studied. Further, a perusal of the results on seasonal indices for grain yield and yield component traits also revealed variable response of the seasons to the different traits studied. Normal kharif was observed to be congenial for productive tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), dry matter production at harvest, CGR, RGR and grain yield per plant, while early kharif was noticed to be conducive for panicle length. In contrast, late kharif was observed to be suitable for days to maturity, plant height and 1000 seed weight. A perusal of the results on stability ANOVA revealed the significance of seasons+ (genotypes x seasons) interaction for all traits studied. Further partitioning of the season + (genotype x season) component into season (linear) revealed the significance of season (linear) component for all the traits, except, CGR, indicating the significance of differences between seasons and their influence on the genotypes for expression of these traits. Genotype x season (linear) was also observed to be significant for all the characters studied indicating that the genotypes were diverse for their regression response to change with the season. The mean squares for pooled deviation (non-linear) were also significant for all characters indicating that both linear and non-linear components contributed to the genotype x season interaction observed for various traits in the present investigation. An analysis of the results on the stability parameters, namely, mean (X), regression coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression coefficient (S2di) revealed greater number of genotypes with wider adaptability across seasons for various traits studied, compared to genotypes adapted to specific season (poor / favourable). Eight genotypes (MTU 11371-44-1-1, MTU 11320-30-1-1, KNM 604, WGL 678, BPT 2615, JGL 21078, RNR 11442 and RNR 11718) were noticed to possess high grain yield per plant in addition to non-significant regression coefficient (bi=1) and deviation from regression (S2di=0). Among these, RNR 11718, MTU PS 8-7-1-1 and MTU 11371-4-1-1 were identified as potential genotypes suitable for cultivation across the paddy growing kharif seasons prevalent in the zone. The genotype, BPT 2671, however, had recorded high grain yield per plant, in addition to bi>1 and S2di=0, indicating its suitability for favourable season alone, namely, normal kharif under the scarce rainfall zone conditions of Andhra Pradesh. The studies on genetic parameters of variability revealed high range combined with moderate GCV and PCV, in addition to high heritability and high genetic advance as per cent mean in the present study for filled grains per panicle, indicating the preponderance of additive gene action and therefore scope for improvement of the trait through selection. A perusal of the results on character associations and path co-efficients revealed phenotypic and genotypic correlations and path co-efficients of similar direction and significance. The genotypic correlations and path co-efficients were also in general higher than phenotypic correlation and path co-efficient values for almost all the characters, indicating the masking effect of environment on these traits. The results also revealed high residual effect for both phenotypic and genotypic path co-efficients, respectively, indicating that variables studied in the present investigation explained only about 77 (phenotypic) and 71 (genotypic) per cent of the variability in grain yield and therefore, other attributes, besides the characters studied are contributing for grain yield per plant. A detailed analysis of the direct and indirect effects revealed high positive direct effect of 1000 seed weight followed by filled grains per panicle on grain yield per plant. These traits had also recorded highly significant and strong positive association with grain yield per plant. High direct effects of these traits therefore appear to be the main factor for their strong association with grain yield. Hence, these traits should be considered as important selection criteria in all rice improvement programmes and direct selection for these traits is recommended for yield improvement. RNR 11718, MTU PS 8-7-1-1 and MTU 11371-44-1-1 are identified as stable and widely adaptable genotypes for cultivation across seasons, in addition to BPT 2671 for cultivation during normal kharif season only, under the scarce rainfall zone conditions of Andhra Pradesh. Further, filled grains per panicle and 1000 seed weight are identified as potential selection criteria for effective improvement of grain yield in rice.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC BASIS OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT IN Sesamum indicum L.
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) RAMANA, J.V.; Dr. V. SATYANARAYANA RAO
    The study was undertaken with an objective to study the inheritance and nature of gene action underlying the seed yield and oil content besides understanding the diversity among the collected genotypes, variability, heterosis and inbreeding depression in the attempted crosses in sesame. Thirty six genotypes of sesame were evaluated for nine characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight, oil content and seed yield per plant to estimate divergence (morphological and molecular), correlation coefficients, heritability genetic advance and path coefficients along with selection of parents for hybridization, utilizing selected genotypes in five parameter model for generation mean analysis, heterosis and inbreeding depression from the seasons viz., rabi 2010, kharif 2011, rabi 2011, kharif 2012 and rabi 2012 at Agricultural Research Station, Yallamanchili, Andhra Pradesh and Agricultural College farm, Bapatla. . Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the thirty six genotypes for all the characters studied indicating that the data generated from the above diverse material will yield reliable genetic information. The genetic variability studies revealed that the material used in present investigation possessed variability which provides scope for selection by breeder. Moderate to low coefficients of variability was observed for most of the traits indicating moderate variability. The estimates of high heritability and moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for the traits number of primary branches/plant, 1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant. The correlation analysis revealed that the genotypic correlations were, in general higher than the phenotypic correlations and thus suggested that the observed relationships among the characters were due to genetic factors. The trait, seed yield per plant had highly significant positive association with number capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and 1000 seed weight indicating the importance of these traits in improving the seed yield per plant while oil content was negatively associated with seed yield per plant indicating higher the yield lesser will be the oil content. Considering the nature and magnitude of character association and their direct and indirect effects, it can be inferred that simultaneous improvement of seed yield per plant is possible through manifestation of number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and 1000-seed weight. In diversity analysis, the per cent contribution towards genetic divergence was maximum by the trait, number of primary branches per plant. The thirty six genotypes were grouped into seven clusters using Tocher’s method and the distribution of thirty six genotypes into seven clusters was at random with maximum number of genotypes in cluster I (12 genotypes). The maximum intra cluster distance was observed in the cluster IV and the inter cluster distance was the highest between clusters V and VI indicating wide genetic diversity between the clusters and crosses can be attempted between the genotypes of these clusters to obtain desirable transgressive segregants. Higher cluster mean values for number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity and plant height were observed in cluster V while cluster VI recorded minimum number of days to 50% flowering and highest seed weight and seed yield per plant indicating the importance of this cluster in breeding programmes to generate early maturity types with increased seed yield through seed weight. The first four principle components with Eigen values more than one contributed 79.42% towards the total variability. The thirty six genotypes were grouped into seven clusters by using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. Among the clusters, cluster I was the largest containing ten genotypes followed by clusters II and VI with seven genotypes each. The intra cluster euclidean square distance was the highest in cluster I while the inter cluster euclidean square distance was maximum between clusters II and VII. The cluster mean data indicated that the cluster V is useful for generating early maturing types with high seed yield per plant through 1000 seed weight while cluster VI is helpful for increased seeds per capsule and oil content. The results of generation mean analysis of various seed yield and yield components of ten crosses showed very less variability in the material for most of the characters in terms of mean values. The results of C and / or D scaling tests were significant for all the crosses indicating the presence of epistatic interactions in all the crosses for all the traits. Complementary epistasis for yield and oil content was observed in the crosses YLM 89 x YLM 92 and YLM 95 x YLM 92 while, duplicate type of epistasis was noticed in the crosses YLM 93 x YLM 92, YLM 90 x YLM 100 and YLM 95 x YLM 100. Desirable heterosis for plant height and days to maturity (negative), seed yield per plant (positive) was recorded in the crosses YLM 89 x YLM 100 and YLM 90 x YLM 100 while most of the traits in most of the crosses showed inbreeding depression.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENE ACTION AND GENOTYPING OF ELITE RICE LINES FOR LODGING RESISTANCE LOCI USING MOLECULAR MARKERS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) GIRIJA RANI, M; Dr. P.V. SATYANARAYANA
    Rice crop continues to suffer with biotic and abiotic stresses. It is often prone to lodging due to unpredicted cyclonic rains. Sometimes heavy precipitation in short period at flowering to harvesting stage causes severe yield loss. Lodging can reduce yield up to 80% and can cause severe knock on-effects, including reduced grain quality, greater drying cost, slower manual as well as mechanical harvest. The present study was aimed to detect presence of identified lodging resistant QTLs in elite lines, gene action of lodging resistance and to confirm presence of lodging resistance QTL through bulked segregant analysis in F2. Genetic diversity among 51 elite rice lines for lodging resistance was determined using 13 molecular markers linked to SCM2 (strong culm 2) conferring lodging resistance and estimated magnitude of genetic diversity for 14 phenotypic characters viz., days to 50 % flowering, plant height, number of ear bearing tillers plant-1, panicle length, number of filled grains panicle-1, spikelet fertility, test weight, grain yield plant-1, culm diameter, culm thickness, culm strength, 4th internodal length, bending strength and per cent of lodging with D2 analysis. Based on molecular diversity, sixteen hybrids were generated using parents susceptible to lodging as lines (MTU 7029, MTU 1061, MTU 1001 andMTU 1010) and lodging resistant lines as testers (II 110-9-1-1-1-1, PS140-1, MTU 1121 and BPT 2270) in LxT fashion during kharif 2012-13. Choice of parents using molecular diversity is in agreement with genetic diversity studies of phenotypic characters. Selection of superior hybrid by combining per se performance, sca and heterosis is more desirable for evolving good segregants. Hybrids, MTU 7029/ II 110-9-1-1-1-1 and MTU 7029/MTU 1121 were found to be superior for grain yield per plant and lodging resistance out of 16 hybrids evaluated during Rabi 2012-13. These hybrids MTU 7029/II 110-9-1-1-1-1 and MTU 7029/MTU 1121 were also studied to unveil gene action for lodging resistance loci and associated markers in identified donors using bulked segregant analysis during kharif 201314. Lodging resistance related traits such as culm diameter, culm thickness, culm strength, basal inter nodal length, bending strength and per cent of lodging expressed dominance x dominance type of interaction along with duplicate epistasis in both cross combinations. Results of bulked segregant analysis revealed that two markers RM 20557 and RM 5509, on chromosome 6 were associated with per cent of lodging, culm strength and culm diameter in F2 plants of MTU 7029/II 110-9-1-1-1-1. Identified markers, RM 20557 and RM 5509 linked to lodging resistance from the donor II 110-9-1-1-1-1 and found to be associated with previously reported QTL region of strong culm 2 (SCM2 ) on chromosome 6. ` In F2 derived population of MTU 7029/MTU 1121, SSR marker RM 6933 was found to be linked with culm strength and culm diameter and RM 216 was associated with culm diameter. RM 6933 is in the vicinity of reported QTL SCM4 on chromosome 2 which confers culm strength. Identified lodging resistant loci were confirmed by genotyping and phenotyping of F3 families of two crosses during Rabi 2013-14. Studies on genetics of lodging resistance revealed modified epistatic dihybrid ratio of 10:6 for lodging susceptibility and resistant families in MTU 7029/II 110-9-1-1-1-1. While in cross combination MTU 7029/MTU 1121, modified dihybrid ratio of 1:15 for lodging susceptible and resistant families indicated duplicate dominance epistatic interaction of lodging resistant loci. Analysis of variance of F3 families of both crosses revealed there is significant difference for all the 14 characters studied. Clustering pattern of lodging resistant F3 lines was assessed using Mahalonobis D2. Lodging resistant F3 lines with high yield, strong and wider culms were grouped in clusters 14 and 4 in cross combination of MTU 7029/II 110-9-1-1-1-1. Eight lodging resistant F3 lines of MTU 7029/ MTU 1121with higher yield were grouped in cluster 4. These lodging resistant lines can be advanced to next generation for development of high yielding non lodging varieties. In both the crosses, per cent of lodging positively correlated with plant height among F3 families. Culm diameter also positively correlated with panicle length among F3 families of MTU 7029/II 110-9-1-1-1 and identified markers RM 20557 and RM 5509 associated with QTL SCM2 had pleiotropic effect on panicle organization. In MTU 7029/MTU1121 derived F3 families, bending strength expressed negative significant association with number of productive tillers plant-1. Genetic basis of lodging resistance loci was identified as epistatic interaction involving two genes. Expression of lodging resistance is specific with donor parent. Identification of lodging resistant loci associated with molecular markers will help in precise selection of lodging resistant lines in breeding programmes which can with stand cyclones and give assured yields.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES ON PANICLE, QUALITY AND YIELD TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) JHANSI RANI, P; Dr. P. V. SATYANARAYANA
    The present investigation on “Genetic Studies on Panicle, Quality and Yield Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was carried out at Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute & Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru from Kharif 2012 to Kharif 2013 to study the heterosis and combining ability involving 7 lines and 3 testers as parents and 21 F1s and to study six genetic components in two crosses for 23 panicle, yield and quality characters in rice. The 21 crosses generated in L x T mating design using seven lines viz., MTU 1071, MTU 1075, MTU 1081, MTU 1121, NRI 003, MTU II-118-24-4-1 and MTUPS-140-1 and three testers viz., MTU 1010, MTU 3626 and TN 1 were used to study heterosis and combining ability for 23 traits pertaining to panicle, quality and yield in rice. The estimates of heterosis and heterobeltiosis were variable among crosses in desirable direction. The highly heterotic cross combinations identified were MTU 1075 / MTU 1010 for earliness, number of grains primary branches-1, spikelet fertility percentage and grain yield panicle-1; MTU II-118-24-4-1 / TN1 for panicle length and 1000 grain weight; MTU 1075 / MTU 3626 for number of grains primary branches-1 and number of fertile grains panicle-1; MTU 1081 / MTU 3626 for number of grains secondary rachis branches-1, spikelet fertility percentage, 1000 grain weight kernel breadth and L/B ratio; NRI 003 / MTU 1010 for semi dwarfness, grain yield panicle-1 , grain yield plant-1; MTU-PS-140-1 / TN1 for kernel breadth and L/B ratio. The gca/sca variance indicated that all the characters were predominantly governed by non additive gene action except for days to 50% flowering, high density grain index, kernel length, L/B ratio, gel consistency and amylose content. The parents identified as good general combiners for early and short stature were MTU 1081 and MTU 1010. The parent MTU 1121 was the best general combiner for panicle length, number of grains primary rachis-1, spikelet fertility percentage, 1000 grain weight, grain yield panicle-1, grain yield per plant-1, kernel length and L/B ratio. The tester MTU 1010 was the best combiner for panicle length, number of grains primary rachis-1, number of fertile grains panicle-1, grain yield panicle-1, grain yield plant-1, kernel length and L/B ratio. Multiple crossing among these parents is suggested to pool the genes in improving rice grain quality in addition to grain yield. The best specific cross combinations identified in the present investigation were MTU 1081 / MTU 3626 for short stature and 1000 grain weight; MTU 1071 / MTU 1010 for number of ear bearing tillers plant-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield panicle-1 and grain yield plant-1; MTU II-118-24-4-1 / MTU 1010 for number of grains secondary rachis branches-1, number of fertile grains panicle-1 and spikelet fertility percentage; MTU-PS-140-1 / MTU 3626 for panicle length and number of fertile grains panicle-1. Generation mean analysis was carried out in two crosses viz., MTU 1075 / MTU 3626 and MTU 1121 / TN 1 to know about epistatic interactions. Significance of scaling tests indicated presence of epistatic interactions for all the traits under study. Though both additive and non additive gene actions were significant, non additive gene actions played predominant role in the inheritance of the traits. Majority of the characters were under the influence of duplicate epistasis besides additive type of gene effects for which biparental mating system or reciprocal recurrent selection may be employed to modify the genetic architecture of rice for getting good quality besides high grain yield. The special emphasis of the present study is about panicle traits pertaining to grain number and grain weight such as number of grains primary rachis branches-1, number of grains secondary rachis branches-1, number of fertile grains panicle-1, grain yield panicle-1, 1000 grain weight and grain yield plant-1. Studies on inheritance for these panicle traits revealed that, for number of grains primary rachis branches-1, number of fertile grains panicle-1 and 1000 grain weight, predominance of dominant gene action was observed. Dominance [h] gene effects and dominance x dominance [l] effects were in same direction indicating complementary epistasis. For number of grains secondary rachis branches-1, all the gene effects were positive, the magnitude of additive gene effects were predominant in MTU 1121 / TN 1 in which pedigree breeding will be rewarding for improvement of this trait and the magnitude of dominant gene effects were positive in the other cross in which selection in segregating generations will be ineffective. For grain yield panicle-1, both additive [d] gene effects and dominance x dominance [l] interaction were positive and significant but the magnitude of dominance x dominance interaction was high. For grain yield plant-1, both dominant gene effects and additive x additive interaction were positive and significant but the magnitude of additive x additive interaction was high. In case of MTU 1075 / MTU 3626, [h] and [l] components were in opposite direction which indicates duplicate epistasis and selection in early generation is ineffective for this trait. Complementary epistasis was observed in case of MTU 1121 / TN 1 as the sign of [h] and [l] were in same direction. Improvement of yield mainly depends upon the cross selected for improvement, for which only biparental mating in early generations followed by selection in advance generation would be more effective than direct selection in early segregating generations.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES ON EARLY VIGOUR, YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN DRY DIRECT SOWN RICE GENOTYPES (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) PAVAN SHANKAR, H.P.; Dr. B. KRISHNA VENI
    The present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2014 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla with 22 genotypes of rice to obtain information on the nature and extent of variability, heritability, genetic advance as per cent of mean, correlation and the magnitude of direct and indirect effects of early vigour, yield and quality characters on grain yield in dry direct sown rice (Oryza sativa L.). The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all 27 characters studied viz., plant height (cm), ear bearing tillers per plant, days to 50% flowering, panicle length (cm), filled grains/ panicle, test weight (g), grain yield per plot (kg), kernel length (mm), kernel breadth (mm), L/B ratio, amylose content, alkali spreading value, root length at 10 DAS in field (cm), shoot length at 10 DAS in field (cm), root dry weight at 10 DAS in field (mg), shoot dry weight at 10 DAS in field (mg), seedling dry weight at 10 DAS in field (mg), vigour index, root length at 20 DAS in field (cm), shoot length at 20 DAS in field (cm), root dry weight at 20 DAS in field (mg), shoot dry weight at 20 DAS in field (mg), root length at 10 DAS in lab (cm), shoot length at 10 DAS in lab (cm), root dry weight at 10 DAS in lab (mg), shoot dry weight at 10 DAS in lab (mg) and seedling dry weight at 10 DAS in lab (mg) indicating that the data generated from the above diverse material shall represent wide variability. Among the genotypes studied, BPT 2741 recorded maximum grain yield followed by JGL 11727, BPT 2570, BPT 2755, BPT 2751 and BPT 2605. All these genotypes manifested high values for all yield components studied and possessed semi dwarf plant stature. When we consider the yield potential, grain Name of the Author : PAVAN SHANKAR H.P Title of the thesis : GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES ON EARLY VIGOUR, YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN DRY DIRECT SOWN RICE GENOTYPES (Oryza sativa L.) Degree to which it is submitted : Master of Science in Agriculture Faculty : Agriculture Major field of study : GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING Major Advisor : Dr. B. KRISHNA VENI University : Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University Year of Submission : 2015 quality and vigour related traits together BPT 2741, JGL 11727, BPT 2570, BPT 2605, JGL 384 and MTU 1010 may be identified as superior and suitable for dry direct sown rice. The results of genetic parameters revealed that high GCV and PCV coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for filled grains per panicle among yield components, for alkali spreading value among quality traits and for root and shoot dry weight in lab conditions suggesting an additive type of gene action. Thus apparently substantial contribution of additive genetic variance is involved in the expression of these traits. Hence, good response to selection can be attained for improvement of these traits. All other remaining traits studied manifested low to moderate estimates for genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, moderate to high heritability estimates and low to high genetic advance as percent of mean indicating the role of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. Hence, heterosis breeding or recurrent selection could be better alternative methods for improvement of these traits. The correlation studies revealed that all the yield components studied along with kernel length, kernel breadth and L/B ratio among quality traits exhibited positive correlation with grain yield. Among vigour related traits, root length at 10 DAS under field and lab, shoot length and shoot dry weight at 10 and 20 DAS under field and lab conditions, seedling dry weight at 10 DAS both under field and lab conditions and root dry weight at 20 DAS under field conditions manifested positive correlations with grain yield suggesting simultaneous improvement of these traits with grain yield. Studies of path coefficient analysis revealed positive direct effects coupled with positive correlation coefficients of grain yield with plant height, ear bearing tillers, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, test weight, kernel breadth, L/B ratio, alkali spreading value exhibited both direct effect and correlation coefficient in positive direction. Among vigour related traits, shoot length at 10 DAS at field and lab, shoot dry weight at 10 and 20 DAS under field conditions, seedling dry weight at 10 DAS in field, root length at 10 DAS under lab manifested positive direct effect along with positive correlation. Hence, under dry direct sowing conditions, simple selection of all the above traits would bring improvement to grain yield in rice.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN UPLAND COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) SIRISHA, A.B.M.; Dr. LAL AHAMED MOHAMMAD
    The present investigation on “Genetic Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)” was carried out during kharif 2010-11 for divergence studies at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, with 60 genotypes and during kharif 2013-14, ten diverse parents and their hybrids with two checks were evaluated for combining ability, heterosis and stability over locations viz., Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam Farm; Agricultural Research Station, Jangamaheshwarapuram and Agricultural Research Station, Darsi of Andhra Pradesh for yield and yield components viz., plant height, days to 50% flowering, number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed index (g), lint index (g), ginning out-turn (%), 2.5% span length (mm), bundle strength (g/tex), fibre elongation (%), uniformity ratio, micronaire (10-6 g/in) and seed cotton yield per plant (g). The genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters studied were lesser than the phenotypic coefficients of variation indicating the interaction of genotypes with environment. Moderate to high variability and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of monopodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant indicating the predominance of additive gene action and their exploitation through direct phenotypic selection. Correlation and path analysis indicated that plant height, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, lint index, bundle strength, fibre elongation and micronaire had positive significant and positive direct effect on seed cotton yield per plant indicating the use of these attributes in selection to evolve high yielding genotypes for upland cotton. The results of multivariate analysis indicated the presence of considerable genetic divergence among the 60 genotypes and grouping of genotypes into eight clusters each using D2 analysis and cluster analysis. In Mahalanobis’ D2 statistic, maximum contribution towards genetic divergence was made by uniformity ratio, lint index, boll weight, monopodia per plant, micronaire, bundle strength, 2.5% span length, bolls per plant, days to 50% flowering, fibre elongation, seed index and plant height. Principal component analysis identified six principal components (PCs) which contributed 79.79 % of cumulative variance. The factors, ginning outturn, sympodia per plant, plant height, monopodia per plant, days to 50% flowering, seed cotton yield, fibre elongation, micronaire, seed index, boll weight, bundle strength, bolls per plant, uniformity ratio and lint index contributed positively to the first principal component. Agglomerative cluster analysis revealed wide genetic distance between the genotypes of clusters I (BGH-23, TSH-333, PEE DEE-0113, CSH-17, JK-206-6, JK-276-4) and IV (BBGH-77, BBGH-33); clusters VII (HAG-812, H-492, ARB 9009 ) and V ( BL-7, GHL-5, BGH-94, BBGH-26, BBGH-1, BBGH-3); clusters VII (HAG-812, H-492, ARB 9009) and IV (BBGH-77, BBGH-3) and clusters VIII (GHL-8, RAH-100, L-603, G-COT-16) and IV (BBGH-77, BBGH-33). Based on the divergence studies and yield performance, ten diverse genotypes viz., BGH-94, BBGH-77, BBGH-3, BBGH-26, BBGH-33, BBGH-1, GHL-5, BL-7, GHL-8 and BGH-23 were selected and 45 hybrids were generated in diallel fashion without reciprocals to study the combining ability and stability of hybrids over locations. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed sufficient variability for treatments and hybrids for all the 15 characters over locations and pooled analysis. The gca and sca variances indicated that non-additive gene action was predominant for all the yield and yield components. In pooled analysis, the lines, BGH-94, BBGH-1, GHL-8, BBGH-26, BBGH-77 and BBGH-3, were found to be promising general combiners for seed cotton yield per plant and other traits. Based on per se performance, sca effects and standard heterosis in pooled analysis, BBGH-3 × BBGH-26 and BBGH-77 × BBGH-1, were found to be promising over the best check Bunny Bt for seed cotton yield per plant and other desirable quality characters like bundle strength, fibre elongation and uniformity ratio. Pooled analysis of variance for stability revealed significant differences among the genotypes and locations for all the yield and yield component traits in both Eberhart and Russell, and AMMI models. In Eberhart and Russell model, seven hybrids viz., BBGH-3 × BBGH 26, BBGH-3 × GHL-8, BBGH-3 × BGH-94, BBGH-26 × BGH 94, BBGH-33 × BBGH -1, BBGH -1 × BGH -94 and BL-7 × BGH-23 recorded stable performance for seed cotton yield. While in AMMI analysis, hybrids, BBGH-3 × BBGH-26, BBGH-1 × BGH -94, BBGH -3 × GHL-8, BBGH-77 × BBGH-26, were found to be stable for seed cotton yield per plant. The hybrid, BBGH - 3 × BBGH-26, was identified as stable for seed cotton yield in both the stability methods and also recorded significant per se performance, sca effect and standard heterosis, sca effect and standard heterosis for plant height, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, ginning outturn, bundle strength, fibre elongation, uniformity ratio and micronaire. Thus, this hybrid needs to be tested over large number of environments for further confirmation before it is being exploited commercially.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS OF FIBRE QUALITY TRAITS IN INTRASPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) BAYYAPU REDDY, K; Dr. V. CHENGA REDDY
    The present study on “Genetic analysis of fibre quality traits in intra-specific hybrids of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)” was conducted to elicit the information on the genetic diversity among the genotypes, character association, direct and indirect effects of yield components, type of gene action and combining ability effects in intraspecific hybrids of cotton, heterosis of hybrids, stability parameters of hybrids over environments for yield, yield components and quality characters and to identify the donor parents having favourable alleles. Ten parents (G. hirsutum L.) were selected based on their performance in genetic divergence study with 63 genotypes during kharif, 2012-13. Forty five intra-specific cross combinations were made in a half-diallel fashion during off season at RARS Lam Farm, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Evaluation of these hybrids along with the parents and standard check was carried out at three locations i.e., RARS Lam, Guntur, ARS, Jangamaheswarapuram and ARS, Darsi during kharif, 2013-14. The three methods of grouping revealed the presence of genetic divergence among the selected 63 cotton genotypes. D2 analysis and Ward’s minimum variance method grouped the 63 cotton genotypes into 8 clusters each. In D2 analysis, lint index followed by micronaire, seed index, days to 50% flowering contributed maximum for the divergence. In Principal component analysis seven principal components (PCs), contributed 84.004 per cent of cumulative variance. The first principal component contributed maximum towards variability (23.799). Ten divergent genotypes NDLH 1938, L 788, L 770, NA 1325, L604, SURABHI, RAH 1004, HYPS 152, MCU 5 and G COT 16 were selected for crossing based on their per se performance for different characters along with inter-cluster distance in Mahalanobis’ D2, principal component and cluster analysis. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under study. Wider genetic variability was observed for lint index, seed cotton yield plant-1 and lint yield plant-1. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of bolls plant-1, seed index, lint index, ginning out-turn, micronaire, seed cotton yield plant-1 and lint yield plant-1. The character association analysis revealed that number of monopodia plant-1, number of bolls plant-1, boll weight, chlorophyll content, 2.5% span length, bundle strength and lint yield plant-1 has significant positive association with seed cotton yield plant-1 at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. The path coefficient analysis indicated that the number of bolls plant-1, boll weight, seed index, 2.5% span length and lint yield plant1 showed direct positive effects and significant positive correlation with seed cotton yield plant-1 indicating their importance in direct selection. The pooled analysis of variance of 56 genotypes (45 hybrids, 10 parents and 1 check) showed significant differences due to locations, parents, hybrids and various interactions indicating the existence of sufficient variation in the material under study. The ratio of gca to sca indicated the presence of non-additive gene action in all the characters except for days to 50% flowering and 2.5% span length. The gca effects from pooled analysis revealed that none of the parent recorded significant gca effects for all the characters. Among the parents, NDLH 1938 showed significant positive gca effects for most of the yield and quality characters. The crosses, NDLH 1938 × L 604, NDLH 1938 × RAH 1004 and NDLH 1938 × L 770, recorded high per se performance, significant positive sca effects and high standard heterosis over the standard check, Bunny, for seed cotton yield plant-1. Genotype × environment interaction studies with Eberhart and Russell model revealed that no hybrid had stable performance for all the characters in all the locations. The hybrids, NDLH 1938× NA 1325, NA 1325 × MCU 5, SURABHI × MCU 5, RAH 1004 × G COT 16 and MCU 5 × G COT 16 had stability for seed cotton yield plant-1 over locations. The hybrid, NDLH 1938 x L 604 predicted to perform well in the favourable environments and the hybrid, NDLH 1938 x L 770, predicted to show good performance in poor environments. Identification of unique favourable alleles in the donor parents analysis revealed that for improving NDLH 1938 × RAH 1004 hybrid for 2.5 % span length the donor parent SURABHI and for lint index L 788 and NA 1325 were showed significant positive μG' estimates. Whereas, for boll weight three parents, L 788, L 770 and L 604, showed the significant positive μG' estimates in combined analysis. Only one parent i.e., G COT 16, showed the significant positive μG' estimates in combined analysis for boll weight for improving NDLH 1938 × L 770 hybrid. The hybrids NDLH 1938 × L 604, NDLH 1938 × RAH 1004 and NDLH 1938 × L 770 recorded high per se performance, significant positive sca effects and high standard heterosis for seed cotton yield plant-1 along with yield contributing characters like number of bolls plant-1, boll weight, lint yield plant-1 and quality traits like 2.5 % span length, micronaire, bundle strength, uniformity ratio and elongation %. These hybrids may be tested over large number of environments for further confirmation before they are being exploited commercially.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES FOR YIELD COMPONENTS AND GRAIN QUALITY PARAMETERS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) ASHOK, SINGAMSETTI; Dr. J. DAYAL PRASAD BABU
    The present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2014 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, with 64 genotypes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to elicit information on the nature and extent of variability, heritability, genetic advance, character association, the magnitude of direct and indirect effects of yield components on yield and genetic divergence based on the characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of total grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield per plant, hulling percentage, milling percentage, head rice recovery percentage, L/B ratio, water uptake, kernel elongation ratio, volume expansion ratio, amylose content and protein percentage. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied indicating that the data generated from the above diverse material shall represent wide variability. The genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters studied were lesser than the phenotypic coefficients of variation indicating the modifying effect of the environment in association with the characters at genotypic level. The genetic parameters revealed that moderate to high variability and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for grain yield per plant (g), panicle length (cm), number of grains per panicle, head rice recovery per cent, volume expansion ratio, L/B ratio and protein per cent suggesting the predominance of additive type of gene action in controlling these traits with less influenced by the environment. These results indicating the operation of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits and improvement of these characters is possible through direct phenotypic simple selection. The correlation studies revealed that the traits viz., number of productive tillers per plant, number of total grains per panicle, test weight and milling percentage had significant positive association with grain yield at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. So, advancement in grain yield is possible by giving emphasis on these characters in selection scheme. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the characters plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight and days to maturity showed positive direct effect and positive correlation with grain yield per plant. The results of D2 analysis indicated the presence of considerable genetic divergence among the 64 genotypes studied. The 64 genotypes are grouped into nine clusters. Out of 17 characters studied, head rice recovery, test weight, volume expansion ratio, milling percentage, number of grains per panicle and protein per cent contributed maximum towards divergence. Based upon the divergence studies crosses may be made between the genotypes of clusters VII (RNR 17472) and VIII (BPT 2658) followed by genotypes of clusters IV (CN 1443-5-2-5) and IX (OR 2545-11) to obtain desirable transgressive recombinants for yield and quality traits. The principal component analysis identified eight principal components and PC 1 contributed maximum towards the total variance. Genotypes like RP5893-136-69-17-8-7-1, NLR 3130, CR 3605-4-2-1-2-1, BPT 2270, RNR 17472, CN 1443-5-2-5, CR 3813-4-4-4-3-1-2 and OR 2555-5 scattered distantly in 2D and 3D plots showing their maximum divergence and these genotypes can be utilized in breeding programmes for exploitation of heterosis.