GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN UPLAND COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
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Date
2015
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
The present investigation on “Genetic Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)” was carried out during kharif 2010-11 for divergence studies at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, with 60 genotypes and during kharif 2013-14, ten diverse parents and their hybrids with two checks were evaluated for combining ability, heterosis and stability over locations viz., Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam Farm; Agricultural Research Station, Jangamaheshwarapuram and Agricultural Research Station, Darsi of Andhra Pradesh for yield and yield components viz., plant height, days to 50% flowering, number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed index (g), lint index (g), ginning out-turn (%), 2.5% span length (mm), bundle strength (g/tex), fibre elongation (%), uniformity ratio, micronaire (10-6 g/in) and seed cotton yield per plant (g).
The genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters studied were lesser than the phenotypic coefficients of variation indicating the interaction of genotypes with environment. Moderate to high variability and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of monopodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant indicating the predominance of additive gene action and their exploitation through direct phenotypic selection.
Correlation and path analysis indicated that plant height, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, lint index, bundle strength, fibre elongation and micronaire had positive significant and positive direct effect on seed cotton yield per plant indicating the use of these attributes in selection to evolve high yielding genotypes for upland cotton.
The results of multivariate analysis indicated the presence of considerable genetic divergence among the 60 genotypes and grouping of genotypes into eight clusters each using D2 analysis and cluster analysis. In Mahalanobis’ D2 statistic, maximum contribution towards genetic divergence was made by uniformity ratio, lint index, boll weight, monopodia per plant, micronaire, bundle strength, 2.5% span length, bolls per plant, days to 50% flowering, fibre elongation, seed index and plant height. Principal component analysis identified six principal components (PCs) which contributed 79.79 % of cumulative variance. The factors, ginning outturn, sympodia per plant, plant height, monopodia per plant, days to 50% flowering, seed cotton yield, fibre elongation, micronaire, seed index, boll weight, bundle strength, bolls per plant, uniformity ratio and lint index contributed positively to the first principal component.
Agglomerative cluster analysis revealed wide genetic distance between the genotypes of clusters I (BGH-23, TSH-333, PEE DEE-0113, CSH-17, JK-206-6, JK-276-4) and IV (BBGH-77, BBGH-33); clusters VII (HAG-812, H-492, ARB 9009 ) and V ( BL-7, GHL-5, BGH-94, BBGH-26, BBGH-1, BBGH-3); clusters VII (HAG-812, H-492, ARB 9009) and IV (BBGH-77, BBGH-3) and clusters VIII (GHL-8, RAH-100, L-603, G-COT-16) and IV (BBGH-77, BBGH-33).
Based on the divergence studies and yield performance, ten diverse genotypes viz., BGH-94, BBGH-77, BBGH-3, BBGH-26, BBGH-33, BBGH-1, GHL-5, BL-7, GHL-8 and BGH-23 were selected and 45 hybrids were generated in diallel fashion without reciprocals to study the combining ability and stability of hybrids over locations. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed sufficient variability for treatments and hybrids for all the 15 characters over locations and pooled analysis. The gca and sca variances indicated that non-additive gene action was predominant for all the yield and yield components.
In pooled analysis, the lines, BGH-94, BBGH-1, GHL-8, BBGH-26, BBGH-77 and BBGH-3, were found to be promising general combiners for seed cotton yield per plant and other traits. Based on per se performance, sca effects and standard heterosis in pooled analysis, BBGH-3 × BBGH-26 and BBGH-77 × BBGH-1, were found to be promising over the best check Bunny Bt for seed cotton yield per plant and other desirable quality characters like bundle strength, fibre elongation and uniformity ratio.
Pooled analysis of variance for stability revealed significant differences among the genotypes and locations for all the yield and yield component traits in both Eberhart and Russell, and AMMI models. In Eberhart and Russell model, seven hybrids viz., BBGH-3 × BBGH 26, BBGH-3 × GHL-8, BBGH-3 × BGH-94, BBGH-26 × BGH 94, BBGH-33 × BBGH -1, BBGH -1 × BGH -94 and BL-7 × BGH-23 recorded stable performance for seed cotton yield. While in AMMI analysis, hybrids, BBGH-3 × BBGH-26, BBGH-1 × BGH -94, BBGH -3 × GHL-8, BBGH-77 × BBGH-26, were found to be stable for seed cotton yield per plant.
The hybrid, BBGH - 3 × BBGH-26, was identified as stable for seed cotton yield in both the stability methods and also recorded significant per se performance, sca effect and standard heterosis, sca effect and standard heterosis for plant height, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, ginning outturn, bundle strength, fibre elongation, uniformity ratio and micronaire. Thus, this hybrid needs to be tested over large number of environments for further confirmation before it is being exploited commercially.
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D5190
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