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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2015 × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS IN DROUGHT TOLERANT GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2015) VENKATESH, K; Dr. T.SRINIVAS
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic diversity for physiological and productivity traits in drought tolerant groundnut genotypes” was carried out with 50 genotypes to study their diversity, in addition to variability, heritability, genetic advance, character associations and path effects for productivity and physiological traits with a view to identify potential and genetically diverse genotypes along with suitable selection criteria for higher kernel yield in drought tolerant groundnut. The experiment was conducted during kharif’ 2014 in a randomized block design with three replications at the College Farm, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh and data was recorded on yield, yield components and physiological traits. The results revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all characters studied, indicating the existence of sufficient variation among the genotypes studied. The per se performance revealed higher number of pods per plant, filled pods per plant and kernels per plant in addition to lower days to maturity, plant height and SLA for spanish bunch genotypes, while virgina genotypes had recorded higher sound mature kernel per cent, 100 kernel weight, shelling per cent, SCMR, pod, haulm and kernel yields per plant. Among the spanish bunch genotypes, those with ICRISAT origin had recorded higher average for pods per plant, filled pods per plant, kernels per plant, SCMR and haulm yield per plant, while the genotype with Tirupathi origin had recorded higher sound mature kernel per cent and 100 kernel weight, in addition to lower days to maturity, plant height and SLA. However, genotypes with Kadiri origin had recorded higher average for pod yield per plant, shelling per cent and kernel yield per plant. In general, K1725 had recorded maximum and significantly higher pod, haulm and kernel yields per plant, compared to other genotypes studied in the present investigation, indicating its potential as an important parent in hybridization programmes aimed at improvement of these traits. Further, it was also observed to be on par with the best genotype for shelling per cent and SCMR. Quantitative assessment of genetic divergence resulted in grouping of the genotypes into nine clusters. Among these, cluster I consisted of maximum genotypes (26), while cluster III had nine genotypes; cluster IV had seven genotypes; cluster VIII had three genotypes. The clusters II, V, VI, VII and IX were monogenotypic and consisted of single genotype. The mode of distribution of xiv genotypes from different geographical regions into various clusters was at random indicating that geographic diversity and genetic diversity are not related. Classification of the genotypes in each cluster based on habit group also revealed the distribution of genotypes to be at random indicating that habit group and genetic diversity were also not related. An analysis of the inter and intra-cluster distances revealed maximum inter-cluster distance between clusters VI and VIII followed by I and VIII indicating that genotypes from these clusters were highly divergent meriting their consideration in selection of parents for hybridization. Further, intra-cluster distance was observed to be maximum for cluster VIII, while it was zero for the monogenotypic clusters, II, V, VI, VII and IX as they included only single genotype. A perusal of the results on cluster means revealed high pods per plant, filled pods per plant, kernels per plant, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant and haulm yield per plant for cluster, IX. However, 100 kernel weight was more for cluster VIII. In contrast, high SMK and early maturity was noticed for cluster VII; low plant height and high shelling per cent was observed for cluster V; and high SCMR in addition to low and desirable SLA was recorded for cluster VI, indicating the importance of selection of genotypes from the corresponding clusters in hybridization programmes for effecting improvement of the respective traits. Further, 100 kernel weight was observed to contribute maximum, followed by haulm yield per plant towards the total divergence. An analysis of the results on variability, heritability and genetic advance revealed high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean for 100 kernel weight, pod yield per plant, haulm yield per plant and kernel yield per plant indicating scope for improvement of these traits through selection. A perusal of the results on character associations revealed positive and significant association of kernel yield with days to maturity, pods per plant, 100 kernel weight, pod yield per plant, shelling per cent, SCMR and haulm yield per plant was observed in the present investigation, indicating an increase in kernel yield with an increase in these characters. Further, significant and negative associations were noticed for kernel yield per plant with plant height. A perusal of the results on inter-character associations revealed significant and positive association of days to maturity with plant height, pods per plant; pods per plant with filled pods per plant, kernels per plant, sound mature kernels per cent, pod yield per plant and haulm yield per plant; filled pods per plant with kernels per plant, sound mature kernels per cent and pod yield per plant; kernels per plant with pod yield per plant; 100 kernel weight with pod yield per plant and SCMR, in the present investigation, indicating a scope for simultaneous improvement of these traits through selection. In contrast, significant and negative association of plant height with SCMR; kernels per plant with 100 kernel weight; sound mature kernels per cent with specific leaf area; pod yield per plant with shelling per cent and SCMR; and shelling(%) with SCMR were observed in the present study, indicating the need for balanced selection while effecting simultaneous improvement for these traits. A perusal of the results on path coefficients revealed high residual effect for both phenotypic and genotypic path coefficients, respectively, indicating that other attributes besides the characters studied are contributing for kernel yield. The results also revealed days to maturity, pods per plant, 100 kernel weight, pod yield per plant, shelling per cent and haulm yield as important selection criteria for kernel yield improvement in drought tolerant groundnut. K 1725, K 1719, K 1717, K1718 and K 1848 have been identified in the present investigation as potential genotypes for kernel yield per plant and majority of other characters studied. Hybridization of K 1725, K 1719, K 1717 and K 1718 genotypes belonging to Cluster III with K 1848 of Cluster I is expected to result in transgressive segregants with high yield and desirable yield component characters. Studies on variability, heritability, character associations and path coefficients also revealed 100 kernel weight, pod and haulm yields per plant to be effective selection criteria for kernel yield improvement in drought tolerant groundnut.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON STABILITY FOR YIELD AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS ACROSS RICE GROWING ENVIRON
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) SIVAKRISHNA, NESE; SRINIVAS, T
    The present investigation was carried out with 21 rice genotypes at the College Farm of Agricultural College, Mahanandi of Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University during kharif 2014 to identify stable genotypes across kharif seasons, in addition to assessment of variability, genetic parameters, character association and path coefficients for yield, yield components and physiological characters. The experimental material was sown in randomized block design with three replications during the three seasons of study, namely early kharif, normal kharif and late kharif. Observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants for yield, yield components and physiological characters. The data was subjected to standard statistical procedures for drawing of valid conclusions and interpretations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for early kharif, normal kharif and late kharif revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all characters studied in all the three seasons, indicating the existence of sufficient variation among the genotypes studied. Pooled analysis revealed significant mean squares due to genotypes and seasons for grain yield and the yield component traits studied in the present investigation, indicating the existence of significant variation among the genotypes studied in addition to considerable seasonal variance. Highly significant genotype x season interaction was also observed for the various traits, indicating a variable response of the genotype to the different seasons studied. Further, a perusal of the results on seasonal indices for grain yield and yield component traits also revealed variable response of the seasons to the different traits studied. Normal kharif was observed to be congenial for productive tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), dry matter production at harvest, CGR, RGR and grain yield per plant, while early kharif was noticed to be conducive for panicle length. In contrast, late kharif was observed to be suitable for days to maturity, plant height and 1000 seed weight. A perusal of the results on stability ANOVA revealed the significance of seasons+ (genotypes x seasons) interaction for all traits studied. Further partitioning of the season + (genotype x season) component into season (linear) revealed the significance of season (linear) component for all the traits, except, CGR, indicating the significance of differences between seasons and their influence on the genotypes for expression of these traits. Genotype x season (linear) was also observed to be significant for all the characters studied indicating that the genotypes were diverse for their regression response to change with the season. The mean squares for pooled deviation (non-linear) were also significant for all characters indicating that both linear and non-linear components contributed to the genotype x season interaction observed for various traits in the present investigation. An analysis of the results on the stability parameters, namely, mean (X), regression coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression coefficient (S2di) revealed greater number of genotypes with wider adaptability across seasons for various traits studied, compared to genotypes adapted to specific season (poor / favourable). Eight genotypes (MTU 11371-44-1-1, MTU 11320-30-1-1, KNM 604, WGL 678, BPT 2615, JGL 21078, RNR 11442 and RNR 11718) were noticed to possess high grain yield per plant in addition to non-significant regression coefficient (bi=1) and deviation from regression (S2di=0). Among these, RNR 11718, MTU PS 8-7-1-1 and MTU 11371-4-1-1 were identified as potential genotypes suitable for cultivation across the paddy growing kharif seasons prevalent in the zone. The genotype, BPT 2671, however, had recorded high grain yield per plant, in addition to bi>1 and S2di=0, indicating its suitability for favourable season alone, namely, normal kharif under the scarce rainfall zone conditions of Andhra Pradesh. The studies on genetic parameters of variability revealed high range combined with moderate GCV and PCV, in addition to high heritability and high genetic advance as per cent mean in the present study for filled grains per panicle, indicating the preponderance of additive gene action and therefore scope for improvement of the trait through selection. A perusal of the results on character associations and path co-efficients revealed phenotypic and genotypic correlations and path co-efficients of similar direction and significance. The genotypic correlations and path co-efficients were also in general higher than phenotypic correlation and path co-efficient values for almost all the characters, indicating the masking effect of environment on these traits. The results also revealed high residual effect for both phenotypic and genotypic path co-efficients, respectively, indicating that variables studied in the present investigation explained only about 77 (phenotypic) and 71 (genotypic) per cent of the variability in grain yield and therefore, other attributes, besides the characters studied are contributing for grain yield per plant. A detailed analysis of the direct and indirect effects revealed high positive direct effect of 1000 seed weight followed by filled grains per panicle on grain yield per plant. These traits had also recorded highly significant and strong positive association with grain yield per plant. High direct effects of these traits therefore appear to be the main factor for their strong association with grain yield. Hence, these traits should be considered as important selection criteria in all rice improvement programmes and direct selection for these traits is recommended for yield improvement. RNR 11718, MTU PS 8-7-1-1 and MTU 11371-44-1-1 are identified as stable and widely adaptable genotypes for cultivation across seasons, in addition to BPT 2671 for cultivation during normal kharif season only, under the scarce rainfall zone conditions of Andhra Pradesh. Further, filled grains per panicle and 1000 seed weight are identified as potential selection criteria for effective improvement of grain yield in rice.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES ON EARLY VIGOUR, YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN DRY DIRECT SOWN RICE GENOTYPES (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) PAVAN SHANKAR, H.P.; Dr. B. KRISHNA VENI
    The present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2014 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla with 22 genotypes of rice to obtain information on the nature and extent of variability, heritability, genetic advance as per cent of mean, correlation and the magnitude of direct and indirect effects of early vigour, yield and quality characters on grain yield in dry direct sown rice (Oryza sativa L.). The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all 27 characters studied viz., plant height (cm), ear bearing tillers per plant, days to 50% flowering, panicle length (cm), filled grains/ panicle, test weight (g), grain yield per plot (kg), kernel length (mm), kernel breadth (mm), L/B ratio, amylose content, alkali spreading value, root length at 10 DAS in field (cm), shoot length at 10 DAS in field (cm), root dry weight at 10 DAS in field (mg), shoot dry weight at 10 DAS in field (mg), seedling dry weight at 10 DAS in field (mg), vigour index, root length at 20 DAS in field (cm), shoot length at 20 DAS in field (cm), root dry weight at 20 DAS in field (mg), shoot dry weight at 20 DAS in field (mg), root length at 10 DAS in lab (cm), shoot length at 10 DAS in lab (cm), root dry weight at 10 DAS in lab (mg), shoot dry weight at 10 DAS in lab (mg) and seedling dry weight at 10 DAS in lab (mg) indicating that the data generated from the above diverse material shall represent wide variability. Among the genotypes studied, BPT 2741 recorded maximum grain yield followed by JGL 11727, BPT 2570, BPT 2755, BPT 2751 and BPT 2605. All these genotypes manifested high values for all yield components studied and possessed semi dwarf plant stature. When we consider the yield potential, grain Name of the Author : PAVAN SHANKAR H.P Title of the thesis : GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES ON EARLY VIGOUR, YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN DRY DIRECT SOWN RICE GENOTYPES (Oryza sativa L.) Degree to which it is submitted : Master of Science in Agriculture Faculty : Agriculture Major field of study : GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING Major Advisor : Dr. B. KRISHNA VENI University : Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University Year of Submission : 2015 quality and vigour related traits together BPT 2741, JGL 11727, BPT 2570, BPT 2605, JGL 384 and MTU 1010 may be identified as superior and suitable for dry direct sown rice. The results of genetic parameters revealed that high GCV and PCV coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for filled grains per panicle among yield components, for alkali spreading value among quality traits and for root and shoot dry weight in lab conditions suggesting an additive type of gene action. Thus apparently substantial contribution of additive genetic variance is involved in the expression of these traits. Hence, good response to selection can be attained for improvement of these traits. All other remaining traits studied manifested low to moderate estimates for genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, moderate to high heritability estimates and low to high genetic advance as percent of mean indicating the role of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. Hence, heterosis breeding or recurrent selection could be better alternative methods for improvement of these traits. The correlation studies revealed that all the yield components studied along with kernel length, kernel breadth and L/B ratio among quality traits exhibited positive correlation with grain yield. Among vigour related traits, root length at 10 DAS under field and lab, shoot length and shoot dry weight at 10 and 20 DAS under field and lab conditions, seedling dry weight at 10 DAS both under field and lab conditions and root dry weight at 20 DAS under field conditions manifested positive correlations with grain yield suggesting simultaneous improvement of these traits with grain yield. Studies of path coefficient analysis revealed positive direct effects coupled with positive correlation coefficients of grain yield with plant height, ear bearing tillers, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, test weight, kernel breadth, L/B ratio, alkali spreading value exhibited both direct effect and correlation coefficient in positive direction. Among vigour related traits, shoot length at 10 DAS at field and lab, shoot dry weight at 10 and 20 DAS under field conditions, seedling dry weight at 10 DAS in field, root length at 10 DAS under lab manifested positive direct effect along with positive correlation. Hence, under dry direct sowing conditions, simple selection of all the above traits would bring improvement to grain yield in rice.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES FOR YIELD COMPONENTS AND GRAIN QUALITY PARAMETERS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) ASHOK, SINGAMSETTI; Dr. J. DAYAL PRASAD BABU
    The present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2014 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, with 64 genotypes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to elicit information on the nature and extent of variability, heritability, genetic advance, character association, the magnitude of direct and indirect effects of yield components on yield and genetic divergence based on the characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of total grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield per plant, hulling percentage, milling percentage, head rice recovery percentage, L/B ratio, water uptake, kernel elongation ratio, volume expansion ratio, amylose content and protein percentage. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied indicating that the data generated from the above diverse material shall represent wide variability. The genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters studied were lesser than the phenotypic coefficients of variation indicating the modifying effect of the environment in association with the characters at genotypic level. The genetic parameters revealed that moderate to high variability and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for grain yield per plant (g), panicle length (cm), number of grains per panicle, head rice recovery per cent, volume expansion ratio, L/B ratio and protein per cent suggesting the predominance of additive type of gene action in controlling these traits with less influenced by the environment. These results indicating the operation of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits and improvement of these characters is possible through direct phenotypic simple selection. The correlation studies revealed that the traits viz., number of productive tillers per plant, number of total grains per panicle, test weight and milling percentage had significant positive association with grain yield at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. So, advancement in grain yield is possible by giving emphasis on these characters in selection scheme. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the characters plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight and days to maturity showed positive direct effect and positive correlation with grain yield per plant. The results of D2 analysis indicated the presence of considerable genetic divergence among the 64 genotypes studied. The 64 genotypes are grouped into nine clusters. Out of 17 characters studied, head rice recovery, test weight, volume expansion ratio, milling percentage, number of grains per panicle and protein per cent contributed maximum towards divergence. Based upon the divergence studies crosses may be made between the genotypes of clusters VII (RNR 17472) and VIII (BPT 2658) followed by genotypes of clusters IV (CN 1443-5-2-5) and IX (OR 2545-11) to obtain desirable transgressive recombinants for yield and quality traits. The principal component analysis identified eight principal components and PC 1 contributed maximum towards the total variance. Genotypes like RP5893-136-69-17-8-7-1, NLR 3130, CR 3605-4-2-1-2-1, BPT 2270, RNR 17472, CN 1443-5-2-5, CR 3813-4-4-4-3-1-2 and OR 2555-5 scattered distantly in 2D and 3D plots showing their maximum divergence and these genotypes can be utilized in breeding programmes for exploitation of heterosis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERGENCE FOR QUALITY TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) DHANUNJAYA RAO, BATNA; Dr. N. CHAMUNDESWARI
    In the present investigation, fifty genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were evaluated to study the genetic diversity present in the experimental material for selection of the diverse parents, to estimate the genetic parameters among the genotypes for yield and quality traits and to find extent of association between the quality, yield and its component characters including the direct and indirect effects. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications at Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru during kharif, 2012. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied indicating wide variability among genotypes. The genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters studied were lesser than the phenotypic coefficients of variation indicating the modifying effect of the environment in association with the characters at genotypic level. The results of genetic parameters revealed that moderate to high GCV, PCV coupled with high heritability and moderate to high genetic advance as percent of mean for plant height, days to 50% flowering, grain yield, kernel breadth after cooking, elongation ratio, water uptake, volume expansion ratio, alkali spreading value and gel consistency. The genetic divergence was high and 50 rice genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters. Out of eight clusters, cluster II was the largest comprising of 19 genotypes followed by cluster I and cluster III with 13 genotypes, cluster IV, V, VI, VII and VIII with only one genotype each. The pattern of distribution of genotypes into various clusters was at random indicating that geographical and genetic diversity were not related. The pattern of group constellations indicated significant variability among the genotypes. From the inter cluster D2 values of eight clusters, it can be seen that the highest divergence occurred between cluster IV and cluster V (547.97) followed by cluster V and cluster VII (486.66), cluster I and cluster IV (407.07) and cluster III and cluster VIII (392.71) suggesting that the crosses involving lines from these clusters would give wider and desirable recombinations. The characters days to 50% flowering, test weight, water up take and gel consistency together contributed 82.12 % towards total divergence. Hence these characters should be taken into consideration while selecting parents for hybridization. The cluster I is having highest mean value for grain yield per plant, alkali values, cluster II for kernel length, L/B ratio; cluster III for test weight, kernel length after cooking; cluster IV for panicle length; cluster V for head rice recovery, elongation ratio, volume expansion ratio, gel consistency, amylose content; cluster VI for number of panicles per plant, days to 50% flowering, hulling, milling; cluster VII for kernel breadth, water uptake; cluster VIII for plant height and kernel breadth after cooking. The genotypes from these clusters having high mean values may be directly used for adaptation or may be used as parents in future hybridization programme. It is observed that no cluster contained at least one genotype with all the desirable traits, which ruled out the possibility of selecting directly one genotype for immediate use. Therefore, hybridization between the selected genotypes from divergent clusters is essential to judiciously combine all the targeted traits. Character association studies indicated significant positive association of days to 50% flowering, number of panicles per plant, test weight, hulling, milling, head rice recovery, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, kernel length after cooking, volume expansion ratio with grain yield per plant. Hence, selection of these traits would be more effective to bring simultaneous improvement in grain yield and quality and to evolve high yielding varieties in rice with acceptable grain quality. Among quality parameters significant positive association was observed between hulling with milling percent, head rice recovery, elongation ratio and alkali spreading value; kernel length with kernel breadth, kernel L/B ratio, kernel length after cooking, amylose content, alkali spreading value; volume expansion ratio with elongation ratio, kernel length after cooking, head rice recovery and gel consistency and amylose content with kernel breadth. Path coefficient analysis revealed that days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of panicles per plant, test weight, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel breadth after cooking, elongation ratio, volume expansion ratio, amylose content, gel consistency showed positive direct effect on grain yield. These parameters also manifested significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant at both phenotypic and genotypic level. Hence, these traits may be given prime importance for the direct improvement of grain yield and quality.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON INHERITANCE OF PHYSICAL QUALITY TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) KARUNA SRI, K; Dr. N. CHAMUNDESWARI
    The present investigation, “Studies on inheritance of physical quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was carried out during kharif 2014 at Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute (APRRI) and Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Maruteru, Andhra Pradesh. Four different F2 populations along with their F1 seed (crossed seed) and parents were collected from Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, APRRI & RARS, Maruteru and evaluated during kharif 2014. Data was recorded on kernel length (mm), kernel breadth (mm), kernel L/B ratio, hulling (%), milling (%), head rice recovery (%), test weight (g) and grain yield per plant (g). The data was subjected to Chi-square (߯ଶ) analysis. The inheritance of physical quality characters viz., kernel length, kernel breadth and kernel L/B ratio in BPT 5204 x NLR 145, IR 50 x NLR 3042, MTU 1075 x BPT 5204 were controlled by two genes with supplementary type of epistatic interaction (9:3:4), while in JGL 17004 x MTU 3626 these physical quality characters were controlled by single dominant gene (3:1). The inheritance of milling traits viz., hulling per cent, milling per cent and head rice recovery in all the four cross combinations were controlled by two genes showing polymeric type of epistatic interaction (9:6:1). All the characters that are governed by epistatic interaction (either supplementary or polymeric gene action) viz., kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, hulling per cent, milling per cent and head rice recovery can be further evaluated and improved by adopting biparental mating and diallel selective mating system, while the characters governed by single dominant gene can be improved by simple selection. The study of character association revealed that the characters viz., hulling per cent, milling per cent, head rice recovery and test weight showed significant positive association with grain yield per plant. A positive non significant correlation of kernel breadth was observed with test weight and grain yield per plant. Kernel length and kernel L/B ratio showed negative non significant association with test weight and grain yield per plant, indicating that test weight and grain yield per plant may not increase with increasing kernel breadth or decreasing kernel length and kernel L/B ratio indicating that these characters had little influence on grain yield per plant. Therefore, from the present study it is inferred that selection for more test weight will simultaneously improve grain yield with good milling traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR EVALUATION OF ADVANCED BACKCROSS PROGENIES FOR SALINITY TOLERANCE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) VIJAYA DURGA, K; Dr. P. VENKATA RAMANA RAO
    The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to screen and identify the advanced breeding lines for salinity tolerance through genotyping and phenotyping, identification of salinity tolerant lines. Eighty families of BC3F2 population of the cross MTU 1010 x FL 478 with 108 individual plants were evaluated. Out of the 8,640 plants evaluated based on morphological similarity with recurrent parent a total of 3,317 plants were selected for genotyping studies. In foreground selection using RM 10694, out of 3,317 plants 728 plants were having Saltol, a major QTL for seedling stage salinity tolerance. In recombinant selection AP 3206 and RM 10793 were used and out of the 728 plants screened, 244 plants from 69 families were double recombinants which were further studied for salinity tolerance in hydroponics. The total 244 double recombinants selected after foreground and recombinant selection were phenotyped using hydroponic study for salinity tolerance. After hydroponics a total of 116 plants survived after transferring to main field. In confirmation studies under foreground selection, 79 plants from 13 families having Saltol were selected. In recombinant selection, out of the 79 plants screened, 69 plants were double recombinants. Correlation studies were taken up in the survived lines for the yield and its contributing traits with salinity tolerance. The association between grain yield/plant and initial and final salinity scores was negative and significant. The correlation of initial salinity score was negative with ear bearing tillers/plant, number of filled grains/panicle, spikelet fertility and test weight. Final salinity score exhibited negative correlation with all the yield attributing traits. Hence, in the present study after genotyping and phenotyping, a total of 69 advanced back cross lines with salinity tolerance were identified. These lines can be further multiplied and tested in yield trials and an alternate variety to MTU 1010 with salinity tolerance can be developed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ASSESSMENT FOR YIELD AND QUALITY COMPONENTS UNDER ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL FERTILIZER MANAGEMENTS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) MANJUBHARGAVI, M; Dr. M. SHANTHI PRIYA
    The present investigation was conducted at dryland farm of S.V. Agricultural college, Tirupati, during kharif 2014 to study the variability and genetic parameters, character association and path analysis in fourty four genotypes of groundnut under organic and conventional fertilizer management separately. Analysis of variance carried out in respect of twelve quantitative characters revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under both the managements except shelling percentage, which showed non- significant difference under organic fertilizer management and significance at 5 % under conventional fertilizer management, indicating the presence of considerable amounts of genetic variation for different traits in the present material. Based on mean performance the genotypes TCGS-1330, TCGS-1343, TCGS-1349, TCGS-1381, TPT-1, Narayani, TCGS-1328, ICGV 06420, ICGV 03042, TCGS-1073, Bheema, TCGS-1157-A, TCGS-1333 and TCGS-1157 were found to be good for yield as well as for quality traits under organic and conventional fertilizer managements. The estimates of PCV and GCV were high for the characters such as pod yield per plant and kernel yield per plant under both the managements; for number of pods per plant under organic fertilizer management and for hundred seed weight under conventional fertilizer management indicating the presence of genetic variability for these traits and less influence of environment. Thus, direct selection for these traits would result in further improvement of pod yield under respective environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for the character plant height under both managements and 100 seed weight under conventional fertilizer management indicating the presence of additive gene action and selection may be effective for improvement of these traits. Moderate heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for the characters primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant and kernel yield per plant under both the fertilizer managements and the characters mature pods per plant, harvest index and 100 seed weight under organic fertilizer management. Improvement can be brought about in these traits through simple pedigree method of breeding and phenotypic selection would be effective. The association analysis in both the managements indicated significant positive association of pod yield per plant, mature pods per plant, number of pods per plant, shelling percentage, primary branches per plant, days to 50 % flowering, harvest index, 100 seed weight and protein content with kernel yield per plant under both the managements, indicating the possibility for simultaneous selection of these characters towards the improvement of kernel yield. Oil content displayed a significant negative association with kernel yield per plant under both organic and conventional fertilizer managements. Hence judicious selection programme might be formulated by repeated intermating to break the negative correlation between oil content and kernel yield per plant for simultaneous improvement of these characters under organic and conventional fertilizer management. Path analysis revealed high positive direct effects of pod yield per plant and shelling percentage under both organic and conventional fertilizer managements and significant positive correlation of other traits with kernel yield was due to positive indirect effect via these traits. Hence selection would be more effective through these traits to improve kernel yield under both the environments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC VARIABILITY AND DIVERGENCE IN CLUSTERBEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) SWATANTRA, MISHRA; SHANTHI PRIYA, M
    Present investigation was undertaken in clusterbean to study variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic divergence, correlation and path analysis. The experimental material consisted of 48 genotypes of clusterbean which were evaluated in dry land farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif, 2014. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits. Among the genotypes, GA2G-0503 recorded maximum per se performance for seed yield per plant followed by MG-903 and GAUG-101. The genotype GA2G-0503 also showed higher mean values for number of pods per plant, endosperm percentage and gum percentage whereas the genotype MG-903 registered higher number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant and pod yield per plant besides maturing early. GAUG-101 recorded higher values for number of branches per plant. The genotypes CH2G-0520, RGG-13-5, RGC-1066, RGC-936 and C214-01 could be recommended for high density planting because they were observed to be mainly single stemmed with no or least number of primary branches and the main stem was straight and were found to be lodging resistant. Number of branches per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of clusters per plant and seed yield per plant registered higher estimates of GCV and PCV there was more scope for selection. Further, it is observed that number of branches per plant and number of clusters per plant had high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating that variation in these traits is high and most likely these traits are governed by additive gene effects. Hence, simple directional selection may be effective to improve these traits. Based on Mahalanobis D2 analysis the 48 genotypes were grouped into 12 clusters. Genotypes that originated from different eco-geographical regions grouped together in the same cluster which suggested that there was no correlation between geographic diversity and genetic diversity. The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster IX and cluster XI, while the minimum inter-cluster distance was found between II and III cluster. Pod yield per plant, shelling percentage, number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, 100-seed weight and pod weight showed positive and significant association with seed yield per plant and also among themselves indicating simultaneous selection for these characters would result in the development of high yielding genotypes in clusterbean. Seed yield per plant and gum percentage were positively correlated and both of them individually exhibited significant positive correlation with number of pods per plant which indicates that selection for more number of pods per plant in clusterbean will simultaneously lead to improvement in seed yield per plant and gum percentage. Pod yield per plant and shelling percentage were important yield traits having direct influence on improvement of seed yield per plant. These two traits viz., pod yield per plant and shelling percentage could be given importance during selection for improving seed yield potential of genotypes