Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Open Access
STUDIES ON COMPOSTING AQUASLUDGE AND ITS SUITABILITY TO DIFFERENT CROPS
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) SRIKANTH, MANGALAPURI; RAMACHANDRA RAO, G
“Studies on composting aquasludge and its suitability to different crops” was undertaken at the Department of Environmental Sciences, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Lam, Guntur during 2017-18. The physico-chemical characteristics of aqua sludge, paddy straw and water hyacinth and also the best bulking material between paddy straw and water hyacinth was determined to make compost for use as organic fertilizer for its suitability to different crops. The aquasludge obtained from the three districts namely Nellore, Parkasam and Guntur in Andhra Pradesh was analyzed separately with standard procedures for pH, EC, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorous, total potassium, Ca, Mg, S and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu).The aquasludges collected from these three districts were found to be neutral in reaction (6.8, 6.5 and 6.7), with EC of (1.81, 2.05 and 1.59 dS m-1) and organic carbon (6.06, 6.71 and 6.24 %). Primary nutrients like total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorous and total potassium contents of aquasludges were (1.06, 1.97 and 0.77 per cent), (0.0368, 0.0573 and 0.0452 per cent), (0.0479, 0.0570 and 0.0520 per cent g Kg-1) and (0.176, 0.221 and 0.193 g Kg-1) respectively. Secondary nutrients like calcium, magnesium and sulphur contents of aqua sludge were 3.60, 4.18 and 3.08 g Kg-1, 2.73, 3.00 and 2.13 g Kg-1 and0.442, 0.5206 and 0.4 % respectively and micronutrients like Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in aqua sludge were 36.16, 39.95 and 35.25 g Kg-1, 0.179, 0.191 and 0.173 g Kg-1 0.70, 0.79 and 0.59 g Kg-1 and 0.271, 0.364 and 0.338 g/Kg respectively. Currently, there are only few treatment options available for aqua sludge. Among them composting can provide a simple and cost effective method to treat the sludge and at the same time reuse excessive organic matter and nutrients for enhanced production of different crops. Composting study was conducted by mixing different proportions of aqua sludge with bulking materials like paddy straw and water hyacinth collected from Live Stock Research Station, Lam, Guntur and Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla respectively. Three sets of experiments were conducted using three different aqua sludge samples collected from Pantapalem (Nellore), Vetapalem (Praasam) and Karlapalem (Guntur) locations of Andhra Pradesh. Experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with three replications and nine treatments comprising of T1-Aqua sludge alone 100% (control) ,T2-Aqua sludge 80% +paddy straw 20%, T3-Aqua sludge 70% + paddy straw 30%, T4-Aqua sludge 60% + paddy straw 40% , T5-Aqua sludge 80% + water hyacinth 20%, T6-Aqua sludge 70% + water hyacinth 30% , T7-Aqua sludge 60% + water hyacinth 40% , T8-Aqua sludge 70% + paddy straw10%+water hyacinth20% and T9-Aqua sludge 60% + paddy straw20%+water hyacinth20%. Three such sets were maintained to facilitate destructive sampling at 30 days of incubation and at 60 days after composting. Aqua sludge compost samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties employing standard procedures. The results revealed that the aqua sludge compost pH became neutral with the end of composting process; while organic carbon of compost increased with increasing percentage of bulking materials. The pH and EC of treatments containing water hyacinth was significantly higher than those without water hyacinth in all the three sets of experiments. 30 days after incubation, the pH and EC increased gradually, later decreased but organic carbon gradually increased up to 60 days of composting. Total nitrogen and available nitrogen increased significantly with increasing percentage of bulking material in the three sets of experiments. Final values of total nitrogen at 60 days ranged from 1.02 to 1.79%, 1.47 to 2.68 and 0.61 to 1.38 % respectively. Available nitrogen also followed the same pattern as that of total nitrogen and the same trend was apparent. Total potassium (K), available- P, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S) and manganese (Mn) were significantly higher in treatments with Water hyacinth than treatments with Rice Straw used as bulking materials due to the initial composition of this material. Treatments with higher aqua sludge tended to have higher Zn, Cu and Fe. The same trend was apparent in all the three sets of experiments. A desirable organic fertilizer is rich in N, P and K, which is released into the soil over time. The results of the present study indicated that the final quality of aqua sludge compost in terms of nutrient content varied depending on the initial materials. Total nitrogen of final compost increased with increasing percentage of aqua sludge. Available P and total K of the final compost increased with increasing percentage of water hyacinth, which was expected because water hyacinth had higher available P and total K than aqua sludge and rice straw. The final micronutrients, pH and EC of the composts could also be explained by the initial aqua sludge, rice straw and water hyacinth. Thus the characteristics of initial materials seems to be a good indication of the quality of the compost produced. It was concluded that polluted aqua sludge from aqua ponds in these three districts could be effectively treated by composting and have potential for subsequent use as an agricultural fertilizers. Finally, compost made with aqua sludge was used to test the germination per cent, height and fresh weight of the three crops viz., bengal gram, cotton and black gram. In terms of germination %, height and fresh weight in sludge + paddy straw combinations T4 recorded the highest values. In sludge + water hyacinth combinations T7 recorded the highest values and sludge + paddy straw + water hyacinth combinations T8 recorded the highest values. T1 maintained as control containing 100 % aqua sludge showed lowest values of germination %, height and fresh weight of the three crops. A similar trend was followed in the three sets of experiments. Among nine aqua sludge composts T4 showed the best germination percentage, tallest in height and high in fresh weight of the three crops. Overall the results showed that paddy straw was the best bulking material when combined with 60:40 ratio of aqua sludge and paddy straw. Based on the results, it could be concluded that aqua sludge has a potential to be used as compost material when mixed with either rice straw or water hyacinth.
Open Access
BIOAVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS IN SOIL ON TEXTILE SLUDGE APPLICATION
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) ANAND KUMAR, KONIDENA; PRABHU PRASADINI, P
A study on “Bioavailability of nutrients in soil on textile sludge application” was undertaken at Department of Environmental Sciences, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Guntur during 2016-17 to assess the impact of textile sludge on soil. Textile sludge obtained from NSL Textiles Limited, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh was analyzed with standard procedures for pH, EC, organic carbon, N, P, K and heavy metals. It was found to be neutral in reaction (7.18), with EC of 1.93 dSm-1 and total organic carbon was 13.44 per cent. Total N, P and K contents of textile sludge were 2.6, 0.2 and 2.8 per cent, respectively. Total Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in textile sludge were 19.45, 468.1, 32.0 and 24.3 ppm, respectively. Total heavy metals viz., lead, nickel, cadmium and chromium were 22.6, 37.6, 4.5 and 106.6 ppm, respectively. Among the heavy metals, Cd content exceeded SEPA limits, whilst Cr content was found to be higher than MSW Rules and others were within permissible limits. An incubation study was conducted using fine textured soil from RARS, Lam to know the bioavailability of nutrients on application of textile sludge with and without microbial consortium at 15, 30 and 45 days of incubation by maintaining soil moisture gravimetrically at maximum water holding capacity (49%). It was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with three replications of ten treatments comprising of three levels of textile sludge (3, 5 and 10 t ha-1) each with three treatments viz., untreated sludge, sludge along with microbial consortium and sludge decomposed with microbial consortium apart from the control i.e., soil alone. Three such sets were maintained to facilitate destructive sampling at 15, 30 and 45 days of incubation. Soil samples were analysed for physicochemical properties, available nutrient status, heavy metals and microbial load (fungi and bacteria) employing standard procedures. The results revealed that the soil pH decreased with incubation time; while EC and organic carbon of soil increased. The major nutrients viz., N, P and K also increased upto 45 days with dose of textile sludge. Among the micronutrients, zinc got released and increased with time (15 to 45 days) of incubation and with increased dose of textile sludge, whereas, Cu values were found to increase from 15 to 30 days of incubation and thereafter, decreased from 30 to 45 days over incubation period. But, Mn content was found to decrease with passage of time and increased with quantum of textile sludge. Availability of toxic heavy metals viz., Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr values showed a decline with period of incubation and Ni, Cd and Cr increased with increasing doses of textile sludge. The level of sludge application, across all the treatments did not have much influence on soil Pb content. DTPA extractable heavy metals, mean values in the soil across the sludge treatments and incubation intervals followed the order: Pb (2.92 ppm) > Cr (0.725 ppm) > Ni (0.4 ppm) > Cd (0.062 ppm). Microbial load like soil fungal populations and bacterial populations were found to increase from initial to 15 days of incubation and thereafter, decreased from 15 days to 45 days, gradually. Whereas microbial load values increased with increasing doses of sludge. The soil properties like pH, EC and organic carbon content were significantly influenced by the imposed treatments. There was a significant influence of application of sludge alone and in combination of with decomposing microbial consortium on available macro and micronutrient content in soil except iron which is non-significant at all the incubation intervals (15, 30 and 45 days). Heavy metals and microbial load (fungi and bacteria population) were also significantly influenced by the application of sludge alone and in combination of with decomposing microbial consortium. The treatment supplied with soil + sludge decomposed with microbial consortium @ 10 t ha-1 (T10) was superior in maintaining the available nutrient status and microbial populations which was followed by the treatments receiving soil + sludge decomposed with microbial consortium @ 5 t ha-1 and 3 t ha-1 and least was recorded in control (soil only). Application of textile sludge showed improvement in soil properties and microbial load in soil. From this, it can be interpreted that application of textile sludge would be helpful in maintaining the soil quality by increasing the microbial load in the soil viz., fungi and bacteria population which are essential for increasing nutrient availability to all crops provided the environmental concerns are duly addressed through composting of textile sludge by promising microbial consortia to keep the heavy metal contents under permissible limits.
Open Access
IMPACT OF CEMENT DUST DEPOSITION ON SOIL AND WATER QUALITY IN GUNTUR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) AMANI, JAMPANA; KISHORE BABU, G
The present research work on “Impact of Cement Dust Deposition on Soil and Water Quality in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh” was conducted at the department of Environmental Sciences, APGC, Lam, Guntur to study and evaluate the extent of soil and water pollution due to cement dust deposition around the cement industry located at Satrasala, Guntur district. Soil and water samples were collected during the months of August and December 2017 at various distances from cement industry viz., 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 m which were considered as affected area and samples collected from a distance of 2250, 2500, 3000 and 4000 m were considered as check area. Various physical, physico-chemical, chemical and biological properties of soil and physico-chemical and chemical properties of water were studied. The bulk density decreased with increase in distance from cement industry. Per cent pore space and moisture holding capacity increased with increase in distance from cement industry. Soils in affected and check area were clay loam and sandy clay in texture respectively without any appreciable difference in sand, silt and clay proportions. The soil of study area was slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline with the pH ranged from 8.48 to 7.84 at 250 to 2000 m before sowing of crop and after harvest of crop it ranged from 8.48 to 7.80. Whereas in check area (2250 to 4000 m) pH ranged from 7.58 to 7.37 and 7.59 to 7.34 before sowing and after harvest of crop respectively. The soils were non-saline with the mean electrical conductivity ranges from 0.56 to 0.26 dS m-1 at 250 to 2000 m before sowing of crop and after harvest of crop it ranged from 0.56 to 0.27 dS m-1. Whereas in check area (2250 to 4000m) the EC ranged from 0.21 to 0.14 dS m-1 and 0.21 to 0.15 dS m-1 before sowing and after harvest of crop respectively. The soil pH and EC followed decreasing trend with increase in distance from cement industry. The organic carbon content of cement dust impacted soil was low to medium with the range of 0.31 to 0.57 % before sowing of crop from 250 to 2000 m distance and after harvest of crop it ranged from 0.34 to 0.58 %. Whereas the OC content in check area (2250 to 4000 m) ranged from 0.63 to 0.73 and 0.64 to 0.70 % before Author : JAMPANA AMANI Title of the thesis : IMPACT OF CEMENT DUST DEPOSITION ON SOIL AND WATER QUALITY IN GUNTUR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH Degree : MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE Faculty : AGRICULTURE Discipline : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Major Advisor : Dr. G. KISHORE BABU University : ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2018 sowing and after harvest of crop respectively. The mean available nitrogen content of soils before sowing of crop ranged from 209.9 to 276.9 kg ha-1 and after harvest of crop it ranged from 213.3 to 282.5 kg ha-1. Whereas in check area (2250 to 4000 m) nitrogen content ranged from 299.6 to 322.2 kg ha-1 and 303.8 to 324.0 kg ha-1 before sowing and after harvest of crop respectively i.e., the nitrogen content of soil was low to medium. The mean available phosphorus status of soil was low to medium that ranged from 18.2 to 38.1 kg ha-1 before sowing of crop and after harvest of crop it ranged from 18.8 to 37.4 kg ha-1. Whereas in check area (2250 to 4000 m) phosphorus content ranged from 44.6 to 51.2 kg ha-1 and 42.7 to 52.1 kg ha-1 before sowing and after harvest of crop respectively. The OC, available N and P contents increased with increase in distance. The mean available potassium content of soil was very high ranging from 904.7 to 523.3 kg ha-1 before sowing of crop from 250 to 2000 m distance and after harvest of crop it ranged from 905.7 to 524.7 kg ha-1. Whereas in check area (2250 to 4000 m) potassium content ranged from 502.2 to 494.2 kg ha-1 and 503.8 to 495.0 kg ha-1 before sowing and after harvest of crop respectively. The mean available sulphur content of the soils of study area was sufficient with the range of 13.32 to 18.86 ppm before sowing of crop and after harvest of crop it ranged from 13.35 to 18.88 ppm. Whereas in check area (2250 to 4000 m) sulphur content ranged from 20.65 to 20.75 ppm and 20.58 to 20.80 ppm before sowing and after harvest of crop respectively. The highest concentration of micronutrients and heavy metals was found at 250 m and the concentration decreased as distance from cement industry increases i.e., lowest concentration was observed in check area (2250 to 4000 m). The mean available micronutrients viz., zinc, iron, manganese and copper were in the range of 1.15 to 0.64, 13.09 to 9.77, 9.12 to 5.62 and 0.67 to 0.71 ppm respectively from 250 to 2000 m distance before sowing of crop, whereas, after harvest of crop values ranged from 1.14 to 0.65, 13.10 to 9.62, 9.13 to 5.60 and 1.61 to 0.69 ppm respectively. The mean concentration of heavy metals like Cr, Cd and Pb before sowing of crop ranged from 14.83 to 7.68, 7.97 to 1.36 and 8.95 to 4.76 ppm respectively from 250 to 2000m distance, whereas, after harvest of crop 14.73 to 7.69, 7.97 to 1.35 and 8.90 to 4.73 ppm respectively. All the micronutrients and heavy metals were found to be much above the permissible limits. Physico-chemical and chemical properties of water samples collected from affected (<2000 m) and check area (>2000 m) were studied and all the parameters recorded higher values in affected area and their values decreased with increase in distance. The pH of water was found to be neutral to slightly alkaline and EC was found to be non saline. The carbonates and bicarbonates were within the permissible limit of 200 ppm. The chlorides and sulphates were very much higher than the permissible limit of 250 ppm at all locations. The mean concentration of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, RSC and SAR of water samples were found to be within the permissible limits. The microbial population i.e., bacteria and fungi in soils of study area was found to be influenced by the cement dust deposition. The minimum population of bacteria (27.1x105 CFU g-1) and fungi (10.4x103 CFU g-1) was recorded at 250 m from cement industry and population increased with increase in distance from cement industry i.e., maximum population ( bacteria-190.2x105 CFU g-1 and fungi-71.2x103 CFU g-1) was at 4000 m (check area) from cement industry.
Open Access
MONITORING SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION UNDER INTENSIVE CROPPED AREAS OF GUNTUR DIVISION
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) MADHURAVANI, G.S.; LALITA KUMARI, A
The present research work on “Monitoring Soil and Water pollution under intensive cropped areas of Guntur division” was taken up to study and evaluate the extent of soil and water pollution due to fertilizers in the intensive cropped areas of Guntur division. Soil and water samples from the farmers’ fields of study area in different mandals of Guntur division of Guntur district were collected at three stages of crop season and various properties were studied. Plant samples were collected at harvesting stage of the crop. Cost of cultivation in cotton growing areas ranged from 20,300 to 34,400 rupees and gross returns ranged from Rs 35,000 to 80,000. The net returns ranged from 8,300 to 46,700 rupees and B:C ratio ranged from 1.31 to 2.55. Cost of cultivation in chilli growing areas ranged from 40,000 to 87,900 rupees and gross returns ranged from Rs 1,00,000 to 1,40,000. The net returns ranged from 15,600 to 1,00,000 rupees and B:C ratio ranged from 1.73 to 2.60. Cost of cultivation in vegetable growing areas ranged from 35,500 to 54,000 rupees and gross returns ranged from Rs 1,00,000 to 1,40,000. The net returns ranged from 52,000 to 87,500 rupees and B:C ratio ranged from 1.06 to 2.06. In all the soil samples of cotton, chilli and soils of vegetable growing areas were slightly alkaline to highly alkaline in soil reaction and non-saline. The organic carbon and available nitrogen contents were low. Phosphorus and potassium contents were medium to high and high respectively in both high input and low input areas. The overall calcium, magnesium and sulphur contents ranged from 1.34 to 22.43, 0.38 to 10.40 mg/l and 5.20 to 82.04 ppm respectively. The overall available Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu content of the soils ranged from 0.12 to 4.58, 0.35 to 19.21, 0.13 to 13.84 and 0.32 to 5.24 ppm respectively. The mean chloride content in the soils ranged from 32.80 to 245.70 mg/l. The available fluoride content in the soils ranged from 0.21 to 2.12 mg/l was very much within the safe levels in soils. In all the soil samples of cotton chilli and vegetable growing areas, the overall nickel content was with in permissible limits of 75 ppm as per the Indian Standards (Awashthi, 2000). Chromium content in soils was within permissible limits of 150 ppm as per European Union standards (EU 2002). Lead content in these soils was below the permissible limits of 250-500 ppm as per Indian Standards (Awashthi, 2000) and 300 ppm as per European Union standards (EU 2002). Cadmium content in the soils was not detected either in high input areas or low input areas. The water samples collected at different stages in all cotton, chilli and vegetable growing areas were found to be clear or brownish in colour without any odour. The pH of water samples was found to be neutral to alkaline and EC was found to be non saline. The mean total hardness of water samples was found to be below the permissible limit of 200 mg/l. Sulphate content of water samples of cotton growing areas was found to be within the permissible limit of 200 mg/l. BOD of water samples were found to be within the permissible limit of 6 mg/l at different stages of crop growth. COD of water samples was found to be within the permissible limit. TDS and TSS of the water samples were found to be above the permissible limit of 500 mg/l at different stages of crop growth. Residual Sodium Carbonate of water samples were found to be within the permissible limit of 2.5 me/l. SAR was found to be within the permissible limit of 10. The carbonates and bicarbonates content was within the permissible limit of 200 ppm. The chloride content was very much higher than the permissible limit of 250 ppm at all locations. Fluoride content was also found to be within the permissible limit of 1.0 ppm at different stages of crop growth. The Phosphate content was found to be within the permissible limit of 10 ppm. Nitrate content of was found to be within the permissible limit of 45 ppm at different stages of crop growth. The overall available Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu content of the water samples ranged from 0.12 to 3.73, 0.24 to 0.82, 0.01 to 0.51 and 0.01 to 0.32 ppm respectively. None of the heavy metals studied ( Pb, Ni and Cd) was detected in water samples except that chromium was detected in few locations. The chromium content in these water samples was higher than the critical limit of 0.05 ppm at few locations. NPK content in cotton kapas ranged from 1.050 to 1.630, 0.218 to 0.336 and 0.963 to 1.273 % with a mean of 1.409, 0.285 and 1.067 % respectively. NPK content in chilli dry pods ranged from 2.75 to 3.13, 0.245 to 0.323 and 1.18 to 1.78 with a mean of 2.94, 0.284 and 1.519 % respectively. NPK content in vegetables (Bendi and brinjal) ranged from 1.4 to 2.7, 0.24 to 0.32 and 0.8 to 2.6 with a mean of 2.01, 0.275 and 1.65 % respectively. The pesticide residues which were identified above the permissible limits in few cotton kapas samples and were Dicofol, Cypermethrin, Ethion, Profenophos and Pendimethalin. The pesticide residues which were identified above the permissible limits in few chilli plant samples were Dicofol, Cypermethrin, Ethion and Bifenthrin. The pesticide residues which were identified above the permissible limits in few vegetable samples were Ethion and Bifenthrin.

Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

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