IMPACT OF CEMENT DUST DEPOSITION ON SOIL AND WATER QUALITY IN GUNTUR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
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Date
2018
Authors
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University
Abstract
The present research work on “Impact of Cement Dust Deposition on Soil and
Water Quality in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh” was conducted at the department
of Environmental Sciences, APGC, Lam, Guntur to study and evaluate the extent of
soil and water pollution due to cement dust deposition around the cement industry
located at Satrasala, Guntur district. Soil and water samples were collected during the
months of August and December 2017 at various distances from cement industry viz.,
250, 500, 1000 and 2000 m which were considered as affected area and samples
collected from a distance of 2250, 2500, 3000 and 4000 m were considered as check
area. Various physical, physico-chemical, chemical and biological properties of soil
and physico-chemical and chemical properties of water were studied.
The bulk density decreased with increase in distance from cement industry. Per
cent pore space and moisture holding capacity increased with increase in distance from
cement industry. Soils in affected and check area were clay loam and sandy clay in
texture respectively without any appreciable difference in sand, silt and clay
proportions. The soil of study area was slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline with
the pH ranged from 8.48 to 7.84 at 250 to 2000 m before sowing of crop and after
harvest of crop it ranged from 8.48 to 7.80. Whereas in check area (2250 to 4000 m)
pH ranged from 7.58 to 7.37 and 7.59 to 7.34 before sowing and after harvest of crop
respectively. The soils were non-saline with the mean electrical conductivity ranges
from 0.56 to 0.26 dS m-1 at 250 to 2000 m before sowing of crop and after harvest of
crop it ranged from 0.56 to 0.27 dS m-1. Whereas in check area (2250 to 4000m) the
EC ranged from 0.21 to 0.14 dS m-1 and 0.21 to 0.15 dS m-1 before sowing and after
harvest of crop respectively. The soil pH and EC followed decreasing trend with
increase in distance from cement industry.
The organic carbon content of cement dust impacted soil was low to medium
with the range of 0.31 to 0.57 % before sowing of crop from 250 to 2000 m distance
and after harvest of crop it ranged from 0.34 to 0.58 %. Whereas the OC content in
check area (2250 to 4000 m) ranged from 0.63 to 0.73 and 0.64 to 0.70 % before
Author : JAMPANA AMANI
Title of the thesis : IMPACT OF CEMENT DUST DEPOSITION ON
SOIL AND WATER QUALITY IN GUNTUR
DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
Degree : MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
Faculty : AGRICULTURE
Discipline : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Major Advisor : Dr. G. KISHORE BABU
University : ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL
UNIVERSITY
Year of submission : 2018
sowing and after harvest of crop respectively. The mean available nitrogen content of
soils before sowing of crop ranged from 209.9 to 276.9 kg ha-1 and after harvest of
crop it ranged from 213.3 to 282.5 kg ha-1. Whereas in check area (2250 to 4000 m)
nitrogen content ranged from 299.6 to 322.2 kg ha-1 and 303.8 to 324.0 kg ha-1 before
sowing and after harvest of crop respectively i.e., the nitrogen content of soil was low
to medium. The mean available phosphorus status of soil was low to medium that
ranged from 18.2 to 38.1 kg ha-1 before sowing of crop and after harvest of crop it
ranged from 18.8 to 37.4 kg ha-1. Whereas in check area (2250 to 4000 m) phosphorus
content ranged from 44.6 to 51.2 kg ha-1 and 42.7 to 52.1 kg ha-1 before sowing and
after harvest of crop respectively. The OC, available N and P contents increased with
increase in distance. The mean available potassium content of soil was very high
ranging from 904.7 to 523.3 kg ha-1 before sowing of crop from 250 to 2000 m
distance and after harvest of crop it ranged from 905.7 to 524.7 kg ha-1. Whereas in
check area (2250 to 4000 m) potassium content ranged from 502.2 to 494.2 kg ha-1 and
503.8 to 495.0 kg ha-1 before sowing and after harvest of crop respectively. The mean
available sulphur content of the soils of study area was sufficient with the range of
13.32 to 18.86 ppm before sowing of crop and after harvest of crop it ranged from
13.35 to 18.88 ppm. Whereas in check area (2250 to 4000 m) sulphur content ranged
from 20.65 to 20.75 ppm and 20.58 to 20.80 ppm before sowing and after harvest of
crop respectively.
The highest concentration of micronutrients and heavy metals was found at 250
m and the concentration decreased as distance from cement industry increases i.e.,
lowest concentration was observed in check area (2250 to 4000 m). The mean
available micronutrients viz., zinc, iron, manganese and copper were in the range of
1.15 to 0.64, 13.09 to 9.77, 9.12 to 5.62 and 0.67 to 0.71 ppm respectively from 250 to
2000 m distance before sowing of crop, whereas, after harvest of crop values ranged
from 1.14 to 0.65, 13.10 to 9.62, 9.13 to 5.60 and 1.61 to 0.69 ppm respectively. The
mean concentration of heavy metals like Cr, Cd and Pb before sowing of crop ranged
from 14.83 to 7.68, 7.97 to 1.36 and 8.95 to 4.76 ppm respectively from 250 to 2000m
distance, whereas, after harvest of crop 14.73 to 7.69, 7.97 to 1.35 and 8.90 to 4.73
ppm respectively. All the micronutrients and heavy metals were found to be much
above the permissible limits.
Physico-chemical and chemical properties of water samples collected from
affected (<2000 m) and check area (>2000 m) were studied and all the parameters
recorded higher values in affected area and their values decreased with increase in
distance. The pH of water was found to be neutral to slightly alkaline and EC was
found to be non saline. The carbonates and bicarbonates were within the permissible
limit of 200 ppm. The chlorides and sulphates were very much higher than the
permissible limit of 250 ppm at all locations. The mean concentration of calcium,
magnesium, sodium, potassium, RSC and SAR of water samples were found to be
within the permissible limits.
The microbial population i.e., bacteria and fungi in soils of study area was
found to be influenced by the cement dust deposition. The minimum population of
bacteria (27.1x105 CFU g-1) and fungi (10.4x103 CFU g-1) was recorded at 250 m from
cement industry and population increased with increase in distance from cement
industry i.e., maximum population ( bacteria-190.2x105 CFU g-1 and fungi-71.2x103
CFU g-1) was at 4000 m (check area) from cement industry.
Description
D5587
Keywords
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