Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

News

https://angrau.ac.in/ANGRU/Library_Resources.aspx

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 89

Open Access
STUDIES ON PERSISTENCE OF CERTAIN SEED TREATMENT PESTICIDES IN GROUNDNUT AGAINST SUCKING PESTS
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-03-27) PODILI VENKATA LAKSHMI PRAVALIKA; Dr. K. DEVAKI
The present investigations on “Studies on persistence of certain seed treatment pesticides in groundnut against sucking pests” were carried out in Department of Entomology, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technology (IFT), Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tirupati and College Farm, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati during kharif and rabi season of 2021-22. Groundnut seed was treated with three different seed treatment chemicals viz., imidacloprid 600 FS, thiamethoxam 30 FS and imidacloprid 200 SL at recommended dose and double dose and their persistence was studied. The residues of the test 3 insecticides were estimated at 0 days (treated seed) then 7, 14, 28, 35, 60 and 90 days after sowing and also in harvested pods. The initial deposit of residues in treated seed were 0.14 and 0.16 mg kg-1 incase of imidacloprid 600 FS at single and double dose, respectively and in imidacloprid 200 SL residue of 0.11 and 0.25 mg kg-1 and for thiamethoxam 30 FS residue of 0.20 and 0.35 mg kg-1 were observed. In 7days leaf samples the residue deposit of 0.06 and 0.21 mg kg-1 were observed in thiamethoxam 30 FS at single and double dose, respectively. In the leaf samples collected at 14, 28, 35, 60 and 90 DAS and also in harvested pods, no residues of insecticides were noticed. Four insecticides alone and in combination with two fungicides were applied to the groundnut seed and the subsequent effects were studied at Crop Physiology Laboratory, Tirupati. From this study, it was observed that treatments with thiamethoxam 30 FS + mancozeb 75% WP (T10), imidacloprid 200 SL + tebuconazole 2 % DS (T7), chlorpyriphos 20 EC + tebuconazole 2% DS (T8) recorded consistently effective on germination, seedling growth, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index - I and II till 60 days. There was reduction in germination loss as well physiological quality over time. xv Field experiment was conducted to evaluate “the efficacy of seed treatment and sequential spray on sucking insect pests incidence in groundnut” at college farm, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati during kharif, 2021 in Randomized Block Design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. At the time sowing, groundnut seed was treated with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 2.0 mL kg-1 (+4 mL water) and thiamethoxam 30 FS @ 2.0 mL kg-1 (+4 mL water). Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 2mL kg-1 seed treatment was the most effective in controlling thrips and leaf hoppers damage by 68.5 and 48.0 per cent reduction over control upto 35 DAS. At 35 days after sowing, foliar spray were imposed to known their efficacy in groundnut against sucking pests. Among the different treatments, imidacloprid 600 FS seed treatment + imidacloprid 200 SL spray (T8) and imidacloprid 600 FS seed treatment + thiamethoxam 25 WDG spray (T6 ) spray were the effective treatments with 64.3 and 63.9 per cent reduction over control against thrips and for leaf hoppers, imidacloprid 600 FS seed treatment + thiamethoxam 25 WDG spray (T6) and imidacloprid 200 SL spray (T5) were the best treatments with 66.5 and 63.4 per cent reduction over control. The highest pod yield was obtained from plots treated with (T8) imidacloprid 600 FS seed treatment + imidacloprid 200 SL spray (26.10 q ha-1) followed by (T6) imidacloprid 600 FS seed treatment + thiamethoxam 25 WDG spray (25.26 q ha-1) and (T10) thiamethoxam 30 FS seed treatment + thiamethoxam 25 WDG spray (22.33 q ha-1) as compared to untreated control (16.93 q ha-1).
Open Access
STUDIES ON COMPATIBILITY OF PESTICIDE COMBINATIONS AGAINST MAJOR LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS AND SHEATH BLIGHT IN RICE”
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-03-27) AYYASWAMY TEJASWI; : Dr. P. RAJASEKHAR
The present study was carried out at Agriculture Research Station, Nellore during late kharif, 2021 with an objective to determine the physical compatibility, bioefficacy and phytotoxicity of the novel pesticides used against major lepidopteran pests and sheath blight disease in rice. Based on the physical compatibility of the pesticides viz., chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, cartap hydrochloride, azoxystrobin + tebuconazole, azoxystrobin + difenconazole and their combinations they were categorized into three classes viz., moderately acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline. Cartap hydrochloride and its combination with fungicides resulted in moderately acidic pH. Flubendiamide as a straight pesticide has slightly alkaline pH and its combinations with fungicides resulted neutral pH. The rest of the pesticides and combinations falls under the category of neutral pH along with control (distilled water). All the treatments were found to be physically compatible with no foaming, sedimentation and agglutination reactions. Bioefficacy of the pesticides were determined by imposing the treatments twice, one at 40 and other at 55 Days After Transplanting (DAT). Third spraying at 70 DAT was not taken up as the pest status reached below Economic Threshold Level (ETL). Per cent dead hearts and white ears were computed to study the efficacy of pesticides against stem borer and per cent leaf damage against leaf folder. To study the efficacy of combinations against sheath blight, Per cent Disease Index (PDI) was calculated and then effect of these combinations on natural enemies was recorded. Observations were recorded at one day before spraying, 5 and 10 Days After Spraying (DAS). Chlorantraniliprole was found to be equally effective against the stem borer followed by cartap hydrochloride, flubendiamide and their combinations with fungicides. For leaf folder both chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide were found effective followed by cartap hydrochloride and their combinations with fungicides. Sheath blight was not prominent during the late kharif season at ARS, Nellore. So, artificial inoculation xv of the sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) was done. Pure culture of Rhizoctonia solani was done on Potato Dextrose Agar and mass multiplication on the Typhal grass bits. The treatments azoxystrobin + difenconazole and its combination with chlorantraniliprole were highly effective against sheath blight, followed by azoxystrobin + tebuconazole. Rest of the combinations were on par in their efficacy. These treatments have not shown negative impact on the survival of the natural enemies and they found to have a striking increase rate of population during first spray and second spray. Phytotoxicity experiment was conducted by including double doses as treatments at 50 DAT, data was recorded at pre spray, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 DAS regarding the phytotoxicity symptoms like chlorosis, yellowing, epinasty, hyponasty, leaf tip drying, leaf scorching and wilting. Results concluded that no phytotoxicity symptoms were recorded. Studies revealed that all the pesticides were physically compatible with safe pH and bioefficacy of the pesticides holds good both as straight and combination treatments. Thus, it is concluded that the efficacy of one pesticide is not affected by the other pesticide. All these treatments were found safer to the natural enemies and did not affect their survival. These pesticides don’t possess any phytotoxic symptoms even applied at double doses. Overall efficacy of the pesticide combinations is more which resulted in higher yields in combination treatments compared to the straight treatments as it controls both pests and diseases. Among the combinations, chlorantraniliprole + azoxystrobin + difenconazole resulted in 4992 Kg/ha, rest all other pesticide combinations and straight insecticides resulted in equal bioefficacy with a yield range of 3624 - 4408 Kg/ha. Lowest yield was recorded in untreated control (2349 Kg/ha).
Open Access
PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE MONITORING, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF Tribolium spp. IN STORED RICE
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-03-27) RANI KUMAR SAJANE; Dr. RAJASRI MANDALI
Studies on “Phosphine resistance monitoring, molecular characterization and management of Tribolium spp. in stored rice” was conducted at Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati and Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tirupati, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Andhra Pradesh, India during the year 2021-22. The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum was collected from warehouses located in seven different districts of Andhra Pradesh viz., Nellore, Chittoor, Guntur, Krishna, Godavari, Kurnool and Srikakulam. Laboratory reared susceptible populations collected from RARS, Tirupati storage godown have been maintained for six to seven generations in insectary, Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati and used for bioassay studies using modified FAO method (FAO, 1980). All the seven test populations were found to be resistant to phosphine, but varied in their level of resistance compared to susceptible lab population. There was no mortality recorded in the untreated control. Probit analysis estimated LC50 and LC99 values at 0.80 and 3.86 ppm for laboratory susceptible population respectively. The LC50 for different Tribolium populations ranged between 25.38 ppm (Nellore population) to 69.95 ppm (Kurnool population) corresponding to 31.76 and 87.54 fold resistance compared to susceptible laboratory population. xxi Red flour beetle populations collected from eight different locations were also molecularly characterized through total genomic DNA method using partial mitochondrial COI gene. The multiple nucleotide sequence analysis of mitochondrial gene sequences of eight populations revealed that, Chittoor (T-2022-Ctr), Krishna (T-2022- Krs) and Nellore (T-2022-Nlr) population shared 100 per cent similarity with Indian populations of T. castaneum from Kerala (MT506942 and MT499228) and Maharashtra (MH910055) and T. castaneum population from Bangladesh (MK411585), Germany (KM439779) and South Korea (ON482353) while 99.8 per cent similarity with T. castaneum-complete genome (KM244661) sequence from China. The mitochondrial COI gene sequences of all the eight populations collected from Andhra Pradesh were submitted to NCBI (GenBank) and allotted with accession number viz., Nellore (ON811628), Chittoor (OP024180), Guntur (ON869466), Krishna (ON797460), Godavari (ON920194), Kurnool (ON811639), Srikakulam (OP021501) and susceptible lab population (ON869467). Different life stages of red flour beetle viz., larva, pupa and adult stages were irradiated at different doses of gamma radiation viz., 10, 25, 50, 70, 100, 250, 450 and 1000 Gy or left unirradiated as a control using Cobalt-60 Gamma irradiator (Gamma Chamber 5000) facility available at ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru. Mortality of adults was recorded at different time intervals, 1000 Gy resulted in 100 per cent mortality after one week indicating that dose killed the beetles efficiently compared to 3 to 4 months survival of Tribolium adults in the untreated control. Radiation dose of ≥ 50 Gy resulted in complete sterility of adults and 100 per cent pupal mortality. There was no F1 adult emergence observed in the irradiated adults. The decreased survival of emerged adults was recorded with increase in radiation dose and the emerged adults were not survived from irradiated pupae at ≥ 250 Gy. Among different life stages, Tribolium larvae were found to be more susceptible to gamma irradiation with 100 per cent mortality at 250 Gy after two weeks. None of the larvae had developed into pupae with irradiation dose of 100 Gy and above. There was no adult emergence from the irradiated grubs at all the test doses from ≥ 10 Gy. Weight loss of rice infested with immature stages or adult beetles was significantly reduced by irradiation treatment whereas 4.74 per cent weight loss was recorded with untreated control after two months. xxii The green synthesis of nano silica encapsulated bioformulations of neem-azal, acorus oil and clove oil was done using dynamic light scattering technique which formed the more effective nanoparticles with sizes of 42.2 nm, 130.9 nm and 112 nm and zeta potential of 10.8 mV, -27.4 mV and -61.5 mV respectively compared to nano silica with 69.4 nm particle size and -23.4 mV zeta potential. Effect of nanoformulations and plant products viz., neem-azal, clove oil, acorus oil, nano silica, nano chitosan, nano silica encapsulated neem-azal, nano silica encapsulated clove oil and nano silica encapsulated acorus oil were evaluated against larvae and adults of Red flour beetle, T. castaneum. Among all biopesticides tested, nano silica encapsulated essential oils were found to be most promising against T. castaneum as compared to normal essential oils. Among the nano formulations, nano neem-azal was found very effective against Tribolium larvae and adults with 100 per cent mortality after 15 days of exposure even in lowest test concentration
Open Access
“STUDIES ON EFFECT OF GAMMA RADIATION ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, MALE STERILITY AND BACTERIAL GUT SYMBIONTS OF FALL ARMYWORM, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)”
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-03-27) MOHAMMAD RAFI; Dr. G.S. PANDURANGA
The research work entitled “Studies on Effect of Gamma Radiation on Biological Parameters, Male Sterility and Bacterial Gut Symbionts of Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)” was carried out at Insectary, Department of Entomology, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati and Plant Pathology laboratory, Citrus Research Station, YSRHU, Tirupati during 2021-22. The male pupae (7-8 days old) of Fall armyworm were exposed to eight different doses of gamma radiation (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 Gy) and studied the biological parameters viz., adult emergence, deformation, adult longevity and survival of irradiated males of parental generation. The effect of gamma radiation on F1 generation was also assessed by recording larval duration, pupal recovery, pupal weight, sex ratio, adult emergence, deformation, adult longevity and survival of F1 adults. Radiation doses; 25, 50, 75 and 100 Gy had not caused deleterious effects on biological parameters and quality of irradiated males of Fall armyworm. Among all doses (25 to 200 Gy) tested, radiation dose of 100 Gy had induced >80.00% of sterility with least negative effects on adult emergence (71.00%), deformation (9.00%), adult longevity (6 days) and survival under food stress (59.00%) in parental generation. Total developmental period of F1 larvae was 23.67 days at 100 Gy compared to 20.33 days at unirradiated control. Radiation doses from 25 to 100 Gy, larval period was prolonged by just 3 days only. More than 50% of pupae (51.33%) were recovered with pupal weight of 1.51 g/10 pupae at 100 Gy. Further increase in radiation doses from 125 to 200 Gy, larval duration was increased by 8 days (at 200 Gy), pupal recovery and their weight were significantly decreased as the radiation doses increased. The percentage of emergence of F1 adult at 100 Gy was 66.23% with least percentage of deformation (12.60%) and F1 adults lived up to 5.55 days with 52.00% of survival under food stress. But at radiation doses of 125 Gy onwards; adult emergence was declined with increased percentage of xiv deformation. Longevity and survival of F1 adult males were also severely affected at radiation doses ranging from 125-200 Gy. Optimization of gamma radiation dose was conducted to identify the radiation dose that could induces >80% of sterility without causing much negative impacts on the quality of sterile males. Percentage of male sterility was increased with increase in radiation doses. It was found that a radiation dose, 100 Gy has induced male sterility of 81.89% and 86.23% in parental and F1 generation of fall armyworm with no deleterious effects on adult emergence, longevity, survival and other quality parameters of sterile males. Although more than 90%of male sterility was recorded at radiation doses higher than 100 Gy (i.e. 125, 150, 175 and 200 Gy) but the quality parameters of sterile males of both parental generation and F1 generation were negatively affected. Therefore, a radiation dose of 100 Gy was identified as an optimum dose as it induced maximum male sterility without compromising with quality of sterile males. Bacterial gut symbionts from sterile (100 Gy), wild and lab reared males were isolated and identified based on 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial symbionts isolated from the guts of sterile males were identified as Staphylococcus hominis, Enterobacter hormaechei and Bacillus subtilis. Whereas the gut microbiome of unirradiated wild males were rich in Enterobacter hormaechei, Klebsiella variicola, Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus hominis, Citrobacter sp. and Bacillus mojavensis. Bacterial symbionts obtained from lab reared males were Enterobacter hormaechei, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella sp. and Staphylococcus hominis. Microbial richness was apparently more in wild males followed by lab reared males and sterile males. The most dominant phylum of bacteria found among sterile, wild and lab reared males was Proteobacteria followed by the phylum Firmicutes. Among all the bacterial gut symbionts; Enterobacter hormaechei, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus hominis were common bacterial symbionts in sterile, wild and lab reared males of Fall armyworm. Bacterial symbionts were less abundant in sterile males due to irradiation and they lost Klebsiella and Citrobacter in their guts
Open Access
“MONITORING OF PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE IN Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) AND ITS MANAGEMENT”
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-03-20) MEGHA. S. ARALESHVARA; Dr. A. RAJESH
The research work entitled “Monitoring of phosphine resistance in Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) and its management” was conducted at Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College and Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh during 2020-2021. A detailed survey of warehouses storing pulses was carried in major pulse growing districts viz., Chittoor, Kurnool, Guntur, East Godavari and Srikakulam of Andhra Pradesh to assess the frequency and distribution of phosphine resistance in Callosobruchus maculatus. Five C. maculatus populations were collected from five different warehouses primarily storing pulses at the surveyed locations. The frequency of resistance to phosphine in C. maculatus was evaluated based on the response of adult insects to discriminating concentration (0.04 mgL-1) of phosphine over 24 hours of exposure period as suggested by FAO, 1980. The phosphine bioassay results revealed medium level (51-75%) of resistance to phosphine in the populations collected from Renigunta (56.66%) in Chittoor District and Nandyal (53.33%) in Kurnool District whereas, the population from Amadalavalasa (50%) in Srikakulam District, Kakinada (43.33%) in East Godavari District and Sattenapalli (36.66%) in Guntur District were found to have low level (0-50%) of resistance to phosphine. The correlation analysis between the number of aluminium phosphide fumigations and the percentage of resistance showed a correlation co-efficient (r) of 0.972. Molecular characterisation of the five C. maculatus populations collected from major pulse growing districts of Andhra Pradesh viz., Chittoor, Kurnool, Guntur, East Godavari and Srikakulam was carried out by using partial mitochondrial cytochrome B (Cyt B) primer. The nucleotide sequence obtained were blasted in NCBI database and they were confirmed as C. maculatus with 98 per cent similarity. Intra specific variation of C. maculatus sequences assessed xv through multiple sequence alignment revealed that there were no nucleotide variations in the nucleotide sequences of the populations collected from five surveyed location in Andhra Pradesh. The phosphine resistant C. maculatus populations (Chittoor and Kurnool Districts) identified through phosphine bioassay were used for resistance management studies using essential oils viz., clove oil, acorus oil, eucalyptus oil, orange oil, cedar wood oil and neem oil (each at 1%, 3% and 5% concentrations) at the rate of 5 ml/kg of seed (green gram) alone and in combination with phosphine (0.04 mgL-1). The data on adult mortality, fecundity, oviposition inhibition, adult emergence, grain damage and grain weight loss due to C. maculatus were recorded. All the essential oils at five per cent concentration in combination with phosphine recorded 100 per cent mortality of adults of C. maculatus. Neem oil at five per cent concentration in combination with phosphine recorded lowest number of eggs (5.33 eggs) and highest per cent oviposition inhibition (94.12%) whereas orange oil at one per cent concentration recorded highest number of eggs (75.66 eggs) and lowest per cent oviposition inhibition (16.73%). All the essential oils at five per cent concentration in combination with phosphine, neem oil alone at five per cent concentration recorded 100 per cent inhibition of adult emergence, reduced grain damage (0 to 0.98%) as well as grain weight loss (0 to 0.06%). Orange oil at one per cent concentration recorded highest per cent of adult emergence (66.11%), grain damage (19.78%) and grain weight loss (9.20%). Essential oils at five per cent concentration were found effective by recording highest adult mortality, lowest oviposition, adult emergence, grain damage and grain weight loss than essential oils at three per cent and one per cent concentration. The germination percentage of green gram seed treated with essential oils of various concentrations was tested. The per cent seed germination of green gram treated with five per cent concentrations of essential oils recorded 68.88 to 92.22 per cent whereas seeds treated with one per cent concentration of essential oil recorded 51.11 to 86.66 per cent. The germination percentage of green gram seeds treated with essential oils increased with increase in concentration of essential oils due to low damage caused to green gram seed by C. maculatus at higher concentrations.
Open Access
STUDIES ON PLANT RESISTANCE IN FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L.) TO INSECT PEST COMPLEX
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-03-20) MANNELA LOKESWARIDEVI; Dr. K. V. HARI PRASAD
The present investigations on “Studies on plant resistance in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) to insect pest complex" was conducted at Agricultural Research Station Perumalapalle, Tirupati; Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati and Institute of Frontier Technology (IFT), RARS, Tirupati during 2021-22. Hundred and four finger millet genotypes were screened to identify the source of resistance to insect pest complex. The major insect that was identified during the period of study, during kharif 2021 and late rabi 2021-22 was ragi pink stem borer Sesamia inferens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the results pertaining to the same is presented. The reaction of 104 genotypes against pink stem borer incidence in terms of per cent dead hearts, ranged from 8.13 to 67.3 with an average of 15.52 per cent during kharif, 2021. Out of 104 genotypes, 83 genotypes were placed under highly resistant category with <10 per cent dead heart incidence, 12 genotypes under moderately susceptible (10.1 - 40%) and five genotypes (more than 40%) under highly susceptible category to pink stem borer infestation. During late rabi, 2022, the reaction of 104 finger millet genotypes against pink stem borer incidence in terms of per cent dead hearts, ranged from 8.13 to 64.64 with an average of 14.04 per cent. Out of 104 genotypes, 80 genotypes were placed under highly resistant category with <10 per cent dead heart incidence, 15 genotypes under moderately susceptible (10.1 - 40%) and five genotypes under highly susceptible (more than 40%) to pink stem borer infestation. Studies on biophysical characters of resistance revealed that trichome density (- 0.879) and leaf thickness (-0.946) were negatively correlated with mean per cent dead heart incidence. Studies on biochemical characters of resistance revealed that phenols (- 0.825) and chlorophyll content (-0.961) were negatively correlated with mean per cent dead heart incidence, while, total proteins (0.980), amino acids (0.960) and total reducing sugars (0.985) were positively correlated with mean per cent dead heart incidence. Biology studies of Sesamia inferens were done on three selected genotypes, which included IC 0478656 (highly resistant), ER 75 (moderately susceptible) and EN 70 (highly susceptible) from field screening during kharif and late rabi 2021-22. The xiv results indicated that larval duration when the insect was reared on different genotypes of finger millet was minimum on the highly susceptible genotype EN 70 (22.6±0.22days), followed by that on moderately susceptible genotype ER 75 (27.08±0.27), while it was maximum on the highly resistant genotype IC 0478656 (35.2±0.67 days). The mean durations of larval instars of I, II, III, IV, V and VI on highly resistant genotype IC 0478656 were 4.74 ± 0.84, 4.94 ± 1.16, 5.26 ± 0.79, 5.56 ± 1.04, 6.90 ± 0.82 and 7.80 ± 1.19 days, while on highly susceptible genotype EN 70 i.e., it was 3.06 ± 0.89, 3.13 ± 0.62, 3.20 ± 1.24, 4.01 ± 0.47, 4.1 ±0.95, 5.2± 1.08 days. The larval weights when the insect was reared on different genotypes of finger millet were maximum on the highly susceptible genotype EN 70(115.17±2.2 mg), followed by moderately susceptible ER 75 (85.11±1.5 mg) and minimum on the highly resistant genotype IC 0478656 (56.4 ± 1.76 mg). There exists significant difference in larval duration and larval weights when the insect was reared on different genotypes of finger millet. The pupal period, when the insect was reared on different genotypes of finger millet varied from 8-12 days. There exists statistically significant difference in pupal duration and pupal weights when the insect was reared on different genotypes of finger millet. The pupal duration on highly resistant genotype IC 0478656 was 12.3 days, while it was 8.6 days on highly susceptible genotype EN 70. The pupal duration of a moderately susceptible genotype ER 75 was found to be between 8.6 to 12.3 days, i.e., 10.77 days. Similarly, the pupal weight on highly resistant genotype IC 0478656 was 54.4 mg, while it was 73.3 mg on highly susceptible genotype EN 70, whereas the pupal weight on moderately susceptible genotype ER 75 was found to be between 54.5 to 73.3 mg, i.e., 64.18 mg. No significant difference was found with respect to adult longevity, sex ratio when the insect was reared on genotypes with different levels of field resistance. Fecundity of the female moth when the insect was reared from different genotypes of finger millet did not differ significantly however female moth reared on highly susceptible genotype EN 70 laid more eggs (259 eggs) as compared with the resistant genotype IC 0478656 (97 eggs). Incubation period when the insect was reared on different genotypes ranged from 6-7 days, with an average 5.95-days. The total life span of S. inferens, when reared on highly resistant genotype IC 0478656 was 58.5 days, while it was 46.5 days on highly susceptible genotype EN 70. The total life span of a moderately susceptible genotype ER 75 is 51.57 days and these differences were statistically significant. Studies on larval preference indicated that highly susceptible genotype EN 70 was most preferred by the larva of pink stem borer followed by ER 75. Least preferred genotype was highly resistant genotype IC 0478656. Studies on oviposition preference indicated that highly susceptible genotype EN 70 was most preferred by the adult pink stem borer for egg deposition followed by ER 75. Least preferred genotype was highly resistant genotype IC 0478656.
Open Access
STUDIES ON SCREENING OF GERMPLASM, LARVAL TAXONOMY AND MANAGEMENT OF LEPIDOPTERAN PEST COMPLEX OF CASTOR
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-03-20) B. KEERTHANA; Dr. M. S. V. CHALAM
“Studies on screening of germplasm, larval taxonomy and management of lepidopteran pest complex of castor” were undertaken in the Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati during rabi, 2021-22. Investigations on screening of germplasm against lepidopteran pest complex of castor viz., Spodoptera litura, Achaea janata, Ergolis merione and Conogethes punctiferalis with twenty three genotypes revealed that none of the genotypes were found resistant to lepidopteran pest complex. Based on the defoliation scale nine genotypes viz., GC-3 (9.86 % defoliation), ICS-164 (10.13 %), DCH-519 (10.48 %), YTP-1 (10.92 %), DCS-107 (11.78 %), DCS-8g (12.70 %), DCS-9 (12.72 %), 48-1 (13.63 %) and GC-2 (14.33 %) were categorised as tolerant. Three genotypes viz., Haritha (21.58 %), SKI-215 (23.81 %) and SKI-291 (24.07 %) were categorised as moderately tolerant. Based on the per cent capsule damage scale, none of the genotypes were categorised as resistant. six genotypes viz., ICS-164 (0.26 % capsule damage), SKI-215 (0.39 %), GC-3 (0.76 %), DCS-8g (2.57 %), DCS-9 (8.72 %) and 48-1 (8.25 %) were categorised as tolerant. Six genotypes viz., DCS-107 (12.32 %), YTP-1 (12.52 %), GC-2 (12.99 %), DCH-519 (15.65 %), Haritha (16.31 %) and SKI-291 (18.69 %) were categorised as moderately tolerant. The mean larval population of S. litura in different genotypes ranged from 0.31 to 2.23 larvae plant-1. The lowest larval population was observed in the genotypes viz., DCS-107 (0.31 larvae plant-1), GC-2 (0.34 larvae plant-1), DCH-519 (0.36 larvae plant-1), SKI-291 (0.39 larvae plant-1) DCS-9 (0.40 larvae plant-1), 48-1 (0.42 larvae plant-1), YTP-1 (0.46 larvae plant-1), GC-3 (0.51 larvae plant-1) and ICS-164 (0.59 larvae plant-1). In case of A. janata the mean larval population in different genotypes ranged from 0.49 to 2.23 larvae plant-1. The lowest larval population was observed in the genotypes viz., DCS-107 (0.49 larvae plant-1), GC-3 (0.53 larvae plant-1), SKI-291 (0.53 larvae plant-1), DCS-9 (0.55 larvae plant-1), DCH-519 (0.56 larvae plant-1), 48-1 (0.59 larvae plant-1), DCS-8g (0.59 larvae plant-1), YTP-1 (0.60 larvae plant-1), GC-2 (0.63 larvae plant-1) and ICS-164 (0.64 larvae plant-1). The mean larval population of E. merione in xvi different genotypes ranged from 0.00 to 0.63 larvae plant-1. The lowest larval population was observed in the genotypes viz., YTP-1, DCS-9, DCS-8g and DCH-519 with zero larvae plant-1 followed by SKI-215 (0.04 larvae plant-1), GC-2 (0.13 larvae plant-1), JI-35 (0.13 larvae plant-1), ICS-164 (0.14 larvae plant-1), 48-1 (0.16 larvae plant-1), DCS-107 (0.16 larvae plant-1), SKI-291 (0.16 larvae plant-1) and GC-3 (0.17 larvae plant-1). As a part of studies on chaetotaxy of lepidopteran pest complex of castor, four lepidopteran larvae viz., S. litura, A. janata, E. merione and C. punctiferalis were collected and identified from the castor crop. All these lepidopteran larvae were described based on the morphological characters and chaetotaxy of thoracic and abdominal segments especially 3rd abdominal segment and arrangement of crochets on the ventral prolegs. The measurements viz., total length and width of the larva, length and width of head capsule, width across the compound eyes, length and width of thorax as well as abdomen were recorded. Field experiments on evaluation of certain selected insecticides against lepidopteran pest complex of castor revealed that, all the insecticide treatments were significantly superior over untreated control in the management of lepidopteran pest complex. The highest mean per cent reduction of lepidopteran pest complex over the control after three sprays was recorded with chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (0.0055 %) + azadirachtin 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 0.3 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1 followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (0.0055 %) @ 0.3 ml l-1 , cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.0123 %) + azadirachtin 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 1.2 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1, cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.0123 %) @ 1.2 ml l-1), spinetoram 11.7 SC (0.0058 %) + azadirachtin 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 0.5 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1, spinetoram 11.7 SC (0.0058 %) @ 0.5 ml l-1, chlorfluazuron 5.4 EC (0.0108 %) + azadirachtin 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 2 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1, chlorfluazuron 5.4 EC (0.0108 %) @ 2 ml l-1 , quinalphos 25 EC (0.05 %) @ 2 ml l-1 and azadirachtin 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 1 ml l-1 . The highest capsule yield was recorded in the treatment chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (0.0055 %) + azadirachtin 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 0.3 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1 (2369 kg ha-1) followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (0.0055 %) @ 0.3 ml l-1 (2063 kg ha-1), cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.0123 %) + azadirachtin 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 1.2 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1 (1835 kg ha-1). Among all the treatments, the treatment chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (0.0055 %) + azadirachtin 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 0.3 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1 emerged as the best treatment when compared with the other treatments with highest per cent reduction of lepidopteran pest complex of castor viz., S. litura (75.26 %), A. janata (82.31 %), E. merione (87.90 %) and C. punctiferalis (77.26 %) followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC which was found to be the second best treatment against S. litura (68.80 %), A. janata (76.15 %), E. merione (82.71 %) and C. punctiferalis (73.46 %). The next effective treatment was cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.0123 %) + azadirachtin 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 1.2 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1was followed by cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.0123 %).
Open Access
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE MONITORING IN FALL ARMYWORM, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) AND PERSISTENCE OF INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN SWEET CORN
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-03-20) N. JASHWANTH KUMAR; Dr. RAJASRI MANDALI
The Research work entitled “Studies on insecticide resistance monitoring in fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and persistence of insecticide residues in sweet corn” was conducted at Department of Entomology, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati and Pesticide Residue Testing Laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technology (IFT), Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tirupati. During survey conducted in five different districts of Andhra Pradesh during rabi, 2021-2022, the highest incidence of S. frugiperda was noticed in Kurnool district (64.32%) followed by Chittoor (58.94 %), Vizianagaram (46.65%). The low incidence was noticed in Krishna (22.34 %) and Guntur districts (26.47%). The low incidence in Krishna and Guntur districts is may be due to high insecticidal sprays used by the maize farmers for the fall armyworm control compared to Kurnool, Chittoor and Vizianagaram districts of Andhra Pradesh. Among different surveyed mandals, maximum incidence of fall armyworm (86.05%) was recorded in Timmapuram village of Mahanandi, Kurnool district while the minimum FAW incidence (15%) was recorded in Keesara village of Kanchikacherla mandal, Krishna district. As per the Davis Scale (1-9), highest FAW leaf damage score of 5-9 was recorded in Kurnool district followed by Chittoor (4-8) > Vizianagaram (3-7) > Guntur (2-4) and Krishna (2-3) respectively. During the survey, mycosed larvae attacked by Green Muscardian fungus, Metarhizium rileyi were observed to a tune of 50 – 60 per cent and resulted in natural mortality due to epizootics at Lam mandal of Guntur district. Bioassay studies were conducted on third instar FAW larvae from F1 population of field collections from five different districts of Andhra Pradesh using diet incorporation assay (IRAC test method). The studies on the resistance levels in S. frugiperda to ten insecticides viz., emamectin benzoate, thiodicarb, profenofos, chlorpyriphos, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, cynatraniliprole, spinetoram, indoxacarb and lufenuron revealed the high level of resistance to four insecticides viz., chlorpyrifos, thiodicarb, lambda cyhalothrin, lufenuron and low level of resistance to new chemicals like chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, spinetoram, emamectin benzoate and indoxacarb. Among different FAW populations of Andhra Pradesh, Krishna district population showed significantly higher resistance to all the test insecticides (1.8-161.7 folds) followed by Guntur (1.5-132.5 folds), Kurnool (1.2-120.7 folds), Chittoor populations (1.2-114.8 folds) and lower levels of resistance was observed in Vizianagaram population (1.1-110.2 folds). A simple, robust and efficient QuEChERS extraction method combined with Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) was developed to analyze the pesticide residues of chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and spinetoram in baby corn, sweet corn, corn leaf (straw) and corn seeds. To the best of our knowledge, dissipation kinetics and residues of these new chemicals in sweet corn and baby corn under field conditions was not studied in India. The studies on persistence of three insecticides viz., emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram on sweet corn during rabi, 2021-2022 revealed that, the chlorantraniliprole reached Below Detectable Level at 15 days after application of insecticides in leaf, baby corn and sweet corn for both the recommended and double the recommended doses. The half-life were 3 to 4 days in baby corn and sweet corn and for leaf the half-life was 4 days in single dose and 5 days for double dose. The dissipation of emamectin benzoate followed first order of kinetics with initial residues deposit (0 day) of 1.647 and 3.217 mg kg-1 in leaf for both the doses. In baby corn the initial deposits were 2.107 and 2.568 and for sweet corn it was 1.895 and 4.553 for both single and double doses respectively. The residues were dissipated to BDL at 7th and 15th day after application of insecticides, in leaf for single dose and dose and in baby corn it was 10th and 15th day. The residues were dissipated to BDL at 7thand 5thdayafter application of insecticides, in sweet corn for single dose and double dose for with half-life was 6 days for leaf, 6 to 7 days for baby corn and 3 to 4 days in sweet corn. The spinetoram residues dissipated to BDL at 20th day after application of insecticide in leaf and the half-life were calculated as 3 days. The spinetoram in baby corn detected with initial residue of 3.270 and 4.225 mg kg-1 in both doses and the residues reached BDL at 10th and 15th days after application of insecticide. The half-life of 2.81and 3.50 and waiting period of 23 and 30 days was observed. All the three insecticides tested followed the dissipation of first order of kinetics in their persistence studies in sweet corn/ Baby corn. There were no residues recorded from maize straw and maize seed at the time of harvest i.e., 25 days after last spray. The MRL’s for emamectin benzoate, Chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in sweet corn/baby corn were not established in FSSAI. As per the dissipation studies, the half-life values of 3.31- 4.39 days for emamectin benzoate, 3.52 - 4.28 days in spinetoram and 3.76 - 4.23 days for chlorantraniliprole were recorded respectively in sweet corn.
Open Access
STUDIES ON MANAGEMENT OF ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH, Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) IN STORED PADDY
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2023-12-01) A. RAJA MALLIKA; T. MADHUMATHI
The present investigation entitled “Studies on management of Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver) (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) in stored paddy” was conducted in the Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh during 2021-22. A total of 38 released and pre released paddy genotypes were screened for their susceptibility to S. cerealella. Screening was done in two methods viz., no choice test, free choice test based on the following parameters viz., number of moths emerged, mean developmental period and susceptibility index. The genotypes were categorized as “least susceptible”, “susceptible” and “highly susceptible” based on susceptibility index values. In no choice test the paddy genotypes viz., MTU-1290, MTU-1156, NLR-3041, NLR-30491, NLR-28600, NLR-40058, BPT-2766, MTU-1184 when screened against S. cerealella recorded a prolonged mean developmental period, lower susceptibility index (7.51-9.74) with lesser adult emergence, were categorized as “Susceptible” varieties. Similarly, in free choice test the paddy genotypes viz.,MTU-1190, MTU-1184, MTU-7029, MTU-1156, MTU-2077, NLR-3041, NLR-3083, NLR-40058, NLR-33671, BPT-1235, BPT-2824, BPT-2776, BPT-2776 were categorized as “Susceptible” varieties (7.24 - 10.05). Remaining all the genotypes were found to be falling under the category of moderately resistant and highly susceptible to S. cerealella infestation. The per cent weight loss of paddy genotypes due to infestation by S. cerealella were ranged from 2.26 to 14.78% and 0.88 to 14.28% in no choice and free choice test respectively. Similarly, the per cent grain damage of paddy genotypes due to infestation by S. cerealella were ranged from 1.67 to 12.33% and 1.33 to 11.33% in no choice and free choice test respectively. Based on the susceptibility index values 15 genotypes were selected to evaluate physical and biochemical parameters. The grain hardness, grain length, grain breadth, husk thickness of paddy genotypes ranged from 102.02 N to 55.59 N, 7.52 to 9.56 mm, 1.96 to 2.86 mm, 0.09 to 0.23 mm respectively. The protein, total soluble sugars, amylose, ash and silica contents of uninfested paddy genotypes ranged from xiv 6.13 to 9.03%, 70.44 to 78.67%, 20.87 to 35.37%, 7.13 to 11.84%, 2.91 to 6.18% respectively. Significant positive correlation was observed between per cent damage and per cent weight loss due to S. cerealella with regard to total soluble sugars, protein and ash content of paddy genotypes, whereas, negative correlation was observed with regard to amylose and silica content of paddy genotypes. The infestation of S. cerealella on paddy genotypes showed significant increase in protein and ash contents after three months period of storage. Bio efficacy of botanicals, inorganic minerals and novel insecticides against S. cerealella in var. BPT-5204 was tested by two methods i.e., by mixing with grain and by surface spraying or dusting on jute bags. In mixing with grain method, among the inert minerals, botanicals and novel insecticides, zero adult emergence was observed in diatomaceous earth, sweet flag powder, neem leaf powder, spinosad, spinetoram and permethrin respectively. Seed viability and seed germination was recorded more in diatomaceous earth (95.33 and 95.67%) followed by sweet flag powder (95.00 and 94.33%) against untreated control (79.33 and 79.00%). In surface spraying or dusting on bags method, among the inert minerals, botanicals and novel insecticides least adult emergence was observed in diatomaceous earth (17.67), neem leaf powder (19.00), sweet flag powder (21.33), spinosad and permethrin (2.67) spinetoram (4.67) which were found to be best. Seed viability and seed germination was recorded more in diatomaceous earth (94.67 and 95.33%) followed by china clay (93.33% and 93.67%) against untreated control (78.33 and 73.67%).