Thumbnail Image

Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

News

https://angrau.ac.in/ANGRU/Library_Resources.aspx

Browse

2014 - 2019532020 - 202215
Reset filters
Subject: Crop Physiology × End date: 2022 ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 68
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND BORON ON POLLEN FERTILITY AND YIELD OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) UNDER WATER STRESS
    (guntur, 2022-08-10) SAI ALEKHYA, M.; RAVI BABU, M.
    The present investigation entitled “Physiological and Biochemical Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Boron on pollen fertility and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under water stress” was undertaken at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during late kharif, 2020-21. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with two main treatments i.e., M0 - no water stress and M1 – water stress and eight sub treatments viz., no spray (S0), 25 ppm of GA foliar spray (S1), 0.01 mg of Brassinosteroids foliar spray (S2), 2.5 ppm of Boron foliar spray (S3), 25 ppm of GA + 0.01 mg of Brassinosteroids foliar spray (S4), 25 ppm of GA + 2.5 ppm Boron foliar spray (S5), 0.01 mg of Brassinosteroids + 2.5 ppm of Boron foliar spray (S6), 25 ppm of GA + 0.01 mg Brassinosteroids + 2.5 ppm of Boron foliar spray (S7) with three replications. The results of the study revealed that, significant differences were observed among the main treatments, sub treatments and their interactions. Plant height decreased under water stress conditions, and the decrease was 11.4 per cent over the irrigated conditions. Foliar spray of 25 ppm of GA + 0.01 mg Brassinosteroids + 2.5 ppm of Boron at flowering stage increased the plant height by 17.3 per cent over the control plants. Leaf water potential was decreased by two folds over the irrigated rice crop. Foliar spray of 25 ppm of GA + 0.01 mg Brassinosteroids + 2.5 ppm of Boron helped to increase the leaf water potential of the rice crop. Higher membrane injury index was recorded by the water stress compared to irrigated conditions, indicating increased lipid peroxidation under water stress conditions. Foliar spray of 25 ppm of GA + 0.01 mg Brassinosteroids + 2.5 ppm of Boron helped in minimizing the damage to cellular membranes by recording lesser membrane injury index values. In the present study, pollen characters viz., pollen fertility, percent pollen germination, protein content in pollen, total soluble sugars in pollen were adversely affected under water stress. Percent pollen germination, protein content in pollen, total xiii soluble sugars in pollen were reduced by 8.1, 48.8 and 69.6 per cent over the irrigated rice crop. Foliar spray of 25 ppm of GA + 0.01 mg Brassinosteroids + 2.5 ppm of Boron exhibited superior performance in enhancing the pollen characters under water stress conditions. Proline content in leaves was increased by 91 per cent under water stress conditions over the irrigated crop. Foliar spray of 25 ppm of GA + 0.01 mg Brassinosteroids + 2.5 ppm of Boron significantly increased the proline content in leaves by 28.6 per cent compared to untreated control plants. In the present study, the yield parameters viz., number of panicles m-2, length of the panicle, number of filled spikelets per panicle, sterility percentage, test weight and yield were decreased by 17.0, 8.5, 21.8, 36.3, 16.0 and 13.7 per cent, respectively, under water stress conditions over irrigated crop. Foliar spray of 25 ppm of GA + 0.01mg of Brassinosteroids +2.5 ppm of Boron increased the number of panicles m-2, length of the panicle, number of filled spikelets per panicle, sterility percentage, test weight and yield increased by 6.3, 14.7, 17.3, 50.8, 18.9 and 21.2 per cent respectively over the control under water stress conditions. Based on the results obtained in the present investigation, it can be concluded that the morpho-physiological, pollen characters, seed yield and its components were drastically reduced when the rice crop was exposed to water stress during flowering and anthesis stages, that reflected the reduction on the above parameters. Foliar spray of 25ppm of GA + 0.01mg of Brassinosteroids +2.5 ppm of Boron improves the pollen characters, growth, yield and its components of rice crop under normal as well as water stress conditions. The use of 25 ppm of GA + 0.01mg of Brassinosteroids +2.5 ppm of Boron at flowering and anthesis stages especially under water stress conditions could alleviate the negative effects of water stress on growth and yield of rice crop by improving the pollen characteristics of the crop and maintaining less membrane injury index, higher pollen germination percentage, protein content in pollen, total soluble sugars in pollen, proline content in leaves which helped the rice crop to ameliorate the adverse effects of water stress at flowering and anthesis stages. Hence, foliar spray of 25 ppm of GA + 0.01mg of Brassinosteroids + 2.5 ppm of Boron at 100 DAS at flowering stage in late sown rice crop to ameliorate the adverse effects of water stress.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of zinc nutrition on growth, thermotolerance and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (guntur, 2022-08-10) KARTHIK, MAMIDALA; JAYALALITHA, K.
    The present investigation entitled “Influence of zinc nutrition on growth, thermotolerance and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was undertaken at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during rabi, 2020 – 21. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three main treatments i.e., three dates of chickpea sowing viz., normal sowing (sown on November 10th - (M1)), moderately delayed sowing (sown on November 30th - (M2)) and late sowing (December 20th - (M3)) to expose the crop to late sowing induced heat stress during flowering and pod formation stages, and four sub treatments viz., no zinc application (control – S0), foliar spray of ZnSO4. H2O @ 0.2 % (S1), Zn-EDTA @ 0.3 % (S2) and ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % (S3) at pre flowering and pod formation stages in three replications. The results of the study revealed that, significant differences were observed among the main treatments, sub treatments and their interactions. Plant height decreased significantly under late sown conditions, and the decrease was 12.5 and 10.0 per cent in late sown and moderately delayed sown chickpea crops, respectively. Foliar spray of ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages increased the plant height by 10.0 per cent, over the control plants. The late sown chickpea crop that was sprayed with ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages (M3S3) increased the plant height by 10.6 per cent, over no zinc application (M3S0). Late sown chickpea crop attained 50 % flowering and maturity by 9 days early over the normal sown crop, indicating accelerated flowering and maturity under heat stress condition in the present study. Foliar spray of ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages took significantly more number of days to 50 % maturity compared to control plants. Leaf area was reduced by 14.2 and 7.1 per cent, and leaf, stem, reproductive parts and total dry matter was decreased by 30.0 and 21.8 per cent; 18.0 and 11.3 per cent; 27.0 and 18.6 per cent and 26.5 and 18.4 per cent in late sown and moderately delayed sown crops, respectively, over the normal sown crop. Among the zinc treatments, foliar spray of ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages increased the leaf area by 14.0 per cent; leaf, stem, reproductive parts and total xiv dry matter by 15.8, 17.6, 26.3 and 21.8 per cent, over control plants. Zn-EDTA @ 0.3 % spray came in the second order in increasing the leaf area and leaf, stem, reproductive parts and total dry matter by 9.1, 10.4, 11.8, 16.7 and 14.3 per cent, respectively, over control plants. Normal sown chickpea crop that was sprayed with ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages (M1S3) recorded the highest values of above parameters and the lowest values were recorded by the late sown crop without zinc application (M3S0). Under late sown conditions, the chickpea crop that was sprayed with ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages (M3S3) increased the leaf area and leaf, stem, reproductive parts and total dry mater by 17.5, 12.2, 23.4, 22.0 and 21.5 per cent, respectively, over the late sown crop without zinc application (M3S0). Thermotolerance parameters such as MII, CSI, RWC and CTD varied significantly by different dates of sowing. Higher MII was recorded by the late sown crop compared to the normal sown crop, indicating increased lipid peroxidation under heat stress (late sown) conditions. Lesser CSI, RWC and CTD were recorded by the late sown chickpea crop compared to the normal sown crop. Foliar spray of ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages decreased the MII values and improved the CSI, RWC and CTD. under late sown conditions (heat stress conditions), foliar spray of ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages (M3S3) helped in minimizing the damage to the cellular membranes by recording lesser MII values, higher CSI, RWC and CTD compared to the late sown crop without zinc application (M3S0), indicating the role of zinc in amelioration of heat stress especially under late sown conditions. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were decreased in the late sown chickpea crop by 12.3, 7.0 and 24.8 per cent, respectively, over the normal sown crop. ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % foliar spray exhibited superior performance in enhancing net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by 22.2, 12.3 and 40.7 per cent, respectively, over control plants. Late sown chickpea crop sprayed with ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages (M3S3) increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by 20.2, 9.7 and 40.0 per cent respectively, over untreated plants (M3S0). SOD activity was increased by 35.4 and 14.0 per cent in chickpea due to late sowing and moderately delayed sowing compared to normal sowing. Protein and zinc contents in seed were also reduced in the late sown chickpea crop. Foliar spray of ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages significantly increased the SOD activity, and protein and zinc contents in seed compared to the untreated plants. Late sown chickpea crop that was sprayed with ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % (M3S3) recorded higher SOD activity, higher protein and zinc content in seed, over the crop without zinc application (M3S0). In late sown chickpea crop, the number of pods plant-1, number of seeds plant-1, test weight and seed yield were decreased by 14.1, 12.6, 5.5 and 17.6 per cent, respectively, over the normal sown crop. Among the zinc treatments, foliar spray of ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages increased the pods per plant, seeds per plant, test weight and seed yield by 17.3, 26.0, 3.4 and 42.6 per cent, over the untreated plants. Under normal sown conditions, the chickpea crop that was sprayed with ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % at pre flowering and pod formation stages (M1S3) recorded 21.1 per cent increase in seed yield over the crop without zinc xv application (M1S0), and 21.1 per cent increase over the late sown crop with zinc application (M3S3). Under late sown conditions, ZnSO4. 7H2O foliar spray @ 0.5 % (M3S3) increased the seed yield by 41.2 per cent, over the late sown crop without zinc application (M3S0). ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % foliar spray to the late sown chickpea crop recorded higher harvest index compared to the crop without zinc application. According to the results obtained above, it can be concluded that the morpho- physiological, thermotolerance and photosynthetic parameters; seed yield and its components and quality parameters were drastically reduced in the late sown chickpea crop in the present study, indicating the exposure of the crop to heat stress under late sown conditions during flowering and pod formation stages, that reflected reduction on the above parameters. Foliar spray of ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % could improve the growth, yield and its components of chickpea both under normal sown as well as late sown conditions. Zn-EDTA @ 0.3 % came in the second order in improving the above parameters. The use of ZnSO4. 7H2O @ 0.5 % foliar spray at pre flowering and pod formation stages especially under late sown conditions, could alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on growth and yield of chickpea by improving the thermotolerance capacity of the crop in terms of maintaining lesser MII; higher CSI, RWC and CTD and higher activity of SOD, which helped the late sown chickpea crop from the adverse effects of heat stress from flowering to maturity.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PACLOBUTRAZOL AND MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE ON LODGING RESISTANCE, GROWTH AND YIELD IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (guntur, 2022-08-08) VENKATESH REDDY, K.; RAVI BABU, M.
    An investigation entitled “Effect of paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride on lodging resistance, growth, and yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted at college farm, Agricultural college, Bapatla. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design which was replicated thrice to find out the effect of different concentrations of paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride on morpho-physiological characters, growth, lodging, yield, and yield attributing characters. The nine treatments in each replication consisting of two different concentrations of paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride at two different stages of crop growth (100 and 200 ppm paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride at 35 DAT and panicle initiation stage) and a control. Results indicated a significant difference in morpho-physiological characteristics viz., plant height, culm thickness, culm strength, lodging percentage and number of effective tillers hill-1. A significant difference in biochemical parameter viz., the lignin content of the stem was observed. A significant difference was observed in yield and yield attributes viz., number of panicles m-2, number of filled spikelet panicle-1 and grain yield under different concentrations of paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride. Data on different parameters were collected at 30 days interval. Significantly higher morpho-physiological parameters, yield and yield attributes and lower lodging percentage were recorded with foliar application of 100 ppm mepiquat chloride spray at panicle initiation stage (T7) when compared to other treatments.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF ZINC APPLICATION ON GROWTH, RE-MOBILISATION EFFICIENCY AND GRAIN FORTIFICATION IN FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn)
    (guntur, 2022-08-08) MRUDULA, G.; SANDHYA RANI, P.
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of zinc application on growth, re-mobilisation efficiency and grain fortification in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn)” was conducted in two consecutive years during kharif, 2019 and 2020 at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replication and two varieties Vakula (V1) and Tirumala (V2) as main treatments; seven zinc treatments viz., Control (T1), 60-30-20 of NPK + FYM @ 10t ha-1 (T2), T2 + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal (T3), T2 + soil application of chelated zinc sulphate @ 5 kg ha-1 as basal (T4), T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence stage (T5), T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at grain filling stage (T6), T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7) as sub treatments. Crop response to different treatments was measured in terms of quantitative and qualitative indices viz., morphological, physiological, yield and its attributes, quality parameters of grain, zinc partitioning among plant parts and re-mobilization of zinc to grains. Between the varieties, Tirumala (V2) variety recorded higher quantitative and qualitative indices compared to Vakula (V1) variety. Among the sub-treatments, upto ear head emergence stage, T2 + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal (T3) recorded significantly higher growth parameters, followed by T2 + soil application of chelated zinc @ 5 kg ha-1 as basal (T4). After ear head emergence stage, T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7) recorded significantly highest growth, yield and quality parameters of finger xv millet. The interaction effects revealed that the dry matter production and growth parameters which represent sink activity viz., crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and sink capacity viz., leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), specific leaf area (SLA), specific leaf weight (SLW) and SCMR were higher in V2T7 i.e., Tirumala (V2) variety with T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7), followed by V1T7 i.e., Vakula (V1) variety with T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7) during kharif, 2019 and 2020. The growth parameters viz., plant height, number of tillers per plant, leaf area, total dry matter revealed that, V2T3 i.e., Tirumala (V2) variety with T2 + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal (T3) recorded significantly highest growth upto ear head emergence stage. And thereafter V2T7 i.e., Tirumala (V2) variety with T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7) recorded significantly higher growth parameters compared to other interactions. The yield attributes viz., number of productive tillers per plant, number of fingers per plant, 1000 grain weight were significantly highest in V2T7 i.e. Tirumala (V2) variety with T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7), followed by V1T7 i.e., Vakula (V1) variety with T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7) compared to all other interaction effects. Highest grain yield, straw yield and harvest index were recorded in V2T7 treatment compared to all other interactions during both years of experiment. Among the interaction effects of grain quality parameters, V2T7 i.e., Tirumala (V2) variety with T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7) recorded significantly higher protein, iron, zinc and calcium content, followed by V1T7 i.e., Vakula (V1) variety with T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7) compared to other interactions. The contribution of zinc from different plant parts viz., root, stem, leaf and leaf sheath to grain was highest in V2T7 i.e. Tirumala (V2) variety with T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7) and the least contribution was noticed by V1T1 i.e. Vakula (V1) variety with control i.e. no fertilizer and also no zinc (T1) during kharif, 2019 and 2020. Re-mobilization efficiency was higher in V2T7 i.e. Tirumala (V2) variety with T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7), followed by V1T7 i.e. Vakula (V1) variety with T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7) and least was recorded by V1T1 i.e. Vakula (V1) variety with control (T1). xvi The zinc use efficiency and root to shoot translocation index were lesser in V2T7 i.e. Tirumala (V2) variety with T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stages (T7). Whereas V1T1 i.e. Vakula (V1) variety with control (T1) recorded higher translocation compared to other interactions. The highest post harvest available soil zinc status was recorded with T3 i.e. T2 + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal and T4 i.e. T2 + soil application of chelated zinc sulphate @ 5 kg ha-1 as basal with no significant difference between them. However, the available soil zinc status was low with control (T1). Based on the results obtained from the present study, it is evident that the variety Tirumala (V2) found effective for physiological efficiency, yield attributes, partitioning efficiency, quality, zinc fortification and grain quantity parameters compared to Vakula (V1). The soil application of T2 + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 (T3) recorded increased growth parameters up to ear head emergence stage, However, T2 + foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at ear head emergence and grain filling stage (T7) proved to be the best with higher grain yield, partitioning of zinc to grain, re-mobilization efficiency and grain fortification.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) cv BPT-5204
    (guntur, 2022-08-08) PAVITHRA, NUTHALAPATI; SREEKANTH, B.
    An in vitro plant tissue culture experiment entitled “Physiological basis of somatic embryogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv BPT-5204” was carried out at Department of Crop Physiology and Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural college, Bapatla during 2019-2020 to study the effect of plant growth regulators, nitrogen sources and carbohydrate sources of culture media (MS) on callus induction and somatic embryogenesis from mature dehusked seeds of popular indica rice variety BPT-5204. The study was carried out in three sequential experiments each one adopting Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first experiment was conducted with four treatments replicated five times viz., Control (MS alone), MS +10 μM 2,4-D (MS 10D), MS + 10 μM 2,4-D + 2.5 μM kinetin (MS 10D2.5K), MS + 10 μM 2,4-D + 2.5 μM BAP (MS 10D2.5B) to determine the best plant growth regulator or plant growth regulator combination to induce and develop embryogenic callus. Among the four hormonal combinations, maximum percentage of callus induction i.e., 95.33% was recorded in MS 10D medium and the callus produced on MS 10D2.5K medium was yellowish white, compact with embryogenic appearance. Starch, reducing sugar and non reducing sugar contents were higher in the callus produced on MS 10D2.5K medium while, the total sugar, proteins, total nitrogen and nitrate contents were lower in the callus produced on MS 10D2.5K medium. From the results obtained from the first experiment, MS 10D2.5K medium was selected as a control for the second experiment because the callus produced on MS 10D2.5K medium was compact with embryogenic appearance, with high starch content which possibly affected the texture of callus. The second experiment was conducted with five treatments replicated five times viz., control (MSP), MSP + 60 mM NO3- (MSP 60N), MSP + 60 mM NH4+ (MSP 60A), MSP + 20 mM NH4+: 20 mM NO3- (MSP 20A:20N), MSP + 40 mM NH4+: 20 mM NO3- (MSP 40A:20N) to determine the best nitrogen source or nitrogen concentration and combination to induce and develop embryogenic callus. Maximum percentage of callus induction i.e., 86% and 83.33% was recorded in the callus produced on MSP 40A:20N xv and MSP media, respectively. However, compact and embryogenic callus with globular embryos were appeared on MSP 40A:20N medium. Starch, reducing sugar contents were higher while the total sugar, proteins and total nitrogen contents were lower in the callus produced on MSP 40A:20N where as nitrate content was lower in the callus produced on both MSP 40A:20N and MSP medium. Nitrite content was higher in the callus produced on the medium containing nitrate alone i.e., MSP 60N. From the results obtained from the second experiment, MSP 40A:20N medium was selected as control for the next experiment because the callus produced on MSP 40A:20N medium was compact with globular embryos on the surface and with high starch content. The third experiment was conducted with five treatments viz., MSPN (Control), MSPN M (MSPN Maltose), MSPN G (MSPN Glucose), MSPN F (MSPN Fructose), MSPN 1G:1F (MSPN 1:1 Glucose and Fructose). Maximum percentage of callus induction i.e., 89.78% and 87.78% were recorded in the media containing disaccharides as a carbon source MSPN M and MSPN, respectively. There were not much difference in the colour and appearance of the calli generated under different carbohydrate sources. All the treatments resulted in calli were yellow to off-white to white which on subculture developed into embryogenic callus with visible globular embryos on the surface. Starch content of the callus was higher in the callus produced on MSPN M and MSPN F media. Total sugar content was lower in the callus produced on MSPN M medium. Reducing sugar content was higher in the callus produced on MSPN M, MSPN F and MSPN 1G:1F. Non reducing sugar content was higher in the callus produced on MSPN M and MSPN F. Protein, total nitrogen and ammonical nitrogen contents were lower in the callus produced on MSPN M medium. Nitrate content was lower in all the treatments viz., MSPN, MSPN M, MSPN 1G:1F and MSPN F. Nitrite content was lower in the callus produced on MSPN M and MSPN F media. Number of somatic embryos per explant were significantly higher in the callus produced on MSPN M while, it was lower in the callus produced on MSPN G medium. Based on the above results the modified MS medium i.e., MSP 40A : 20N along with 10 μM 2,4-D and 2.5 μM kinetin with maltose as a altered carbon source (MSPN M) may be used for the production of maximum number of somatic embryos per explant. This work can be extended to know the changes in the activities of enzymes of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism which invariably play a major role in the structural and metabolic development of somatic embryos in rice and further into the accumulation of embryogenesis specific proteins and other macro molecules
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STABILITY ANALYSIS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2021-12-08) SHRUTI, KORADDI; SATYANARAYANA RAO, Dr. V.
    The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the information on the amount of variability present in 42 groundnut genotypes for kernel yield and its 14 component traits. To estimate extent of heritability, nature of association together with direct and indirect effects of component characters on kernel yield and to estimate the stability performance. In addition comparing different parameters that characterize stable genotypes over three environments as well as to screen the material for disease reaction and confirmation through biochemical parameters. The 42 genotypes picked up from different sources were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. The data was recorded on 15 traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of mature pods per plant, pod yield per plant (g), harvest index, 100 pod weight (g), protein content (%), oil content (%), shelling (%), days to maturity, 100 kernel weight (g), SPAD chlorophyll meter reading at 60 and 80 DAS, kernel yield per plant (g) and oil yield per plant (g). The analysis of variance has indicated significant differences among genotypes for all the characters studied indicating the existence of a high degree of variability among the test genotypes. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was noticed for the characters number of mature pods per plant, pod yield per plant, 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight, kernel yield per plant and oil yield per plant in all the environments indicating the importance of additive gene action in governing the inheritance of these traits. Therefore by attempting a simple selection in these traits would help in evolving high yielding groundnut genotypes. Character association study has revealed that the characters, days to 50 per flowering, number of mature pods per plant, pod yield per plant, harvest index, 100 pod weight, protein content, 100 kernel weight, shelling %, days to maturity, SCMR at 60 DAS, SCMR at 80 DAS, and oil yield per plant showed positive correlation with kernel yield. Hence, due weightage should be given to these characters during selection for yield improvement. xvii Path coefficient analysis has revealed that oil yield per plant together with pod yield per plant have exhibited strong positive correlation and high direct effects on kernel yield per plant both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Therefore, simultaneous selection for these traits will be rewarding for improving the yield in groundnut. Diversity studies revealed that the traits Protein content, oil content, days to maturity and 100 kernel weight have contributed maximum towards genetic divergence. The genotypes were grouped into nine clusters using Tocher‟s method. The traits viz. Days to 50% flowering, pod yield per plant, 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight, days to maturity and kernel yield per plant recorded highest mean value in cluster VIII; for the traits like plant height, Number of mature pods per plant, Oil content, SCMR at 60 DAS and SCMR at 80 DAS the highest mean value in cluster IX. Similarly highest mean value was found in cluster VI for harvest index and shelling %; for Protein content and oil yield per plant highest mean value in cluster III. The analysis of variance pooled over three environments for stability among the 42 groundnut genotypes has revealed significant differences for all the characters except the number of mature pods per plant and protein content. Environment (linear) is significant for all the characters except SCMR at 80 DAS. The genotypeenvironment interaction component is non-significant for most of the characters except days to 50 per cent flowering, pod yield per plant (g), 100 pod weight (g), shelling %, kernel yield per plant and oil yield per plant. Thus the study has indicated a lesser influence of environment on the genotypes evaluated. The genotypeenvironment (linear) component showed significance for the characters days to 50 per cent flowering, pod yield per plant, hundred pod weight, shelling %, SCMR at 80 DAS, Kernel yield per plant and oil yield per plant. The pooled deviation component is significant for most of the characters except hundred pod weight, hundred kernel weight, shelling % and days to maturity. Thus indicating the importance of non-linear components in determining interaction of the genotypes with environments in the present study. None of the genotypes have shown stable performance for all the characters studied according to the Eberhart and Russell model. The genotypes Kadiri 8 bold , K 2104 , K 2066, K 2064 , K 2014, K 1725 and K 1609 for Kernel yield per plant; Kadiri 8 bold, K 2066, K 2064, K 2014, K 1735, K 1725 and K 1609 for oil yield per plant were found to be stable over the environments. According to AMMI analysis, the genotypes, K 1725 and K 1715 were found to be stable for kernel yield per plant over the environments. The genotypes Kadiri 8 bold and K 1725 were stable for oil yield per plant over the environments as their IPCA-1 score is near to zero. Among the 16 qualitative traits studied, growth habit, stem pigmentation, pod beak, pod constriction, pod reticulation, pod size, kernel size and testa colour have exhibited higher levels of variability. None of the genotypes were found to be immune to either of the three diseases studied. Only Six genotypes have showed resistance against late leaf spot and rust while nine genotypes have shown resistance reaction against early leaf spot. 15 genotypes showed moderate resistance for late leaf spot and rust. Twenty one xviii genotypes recorded moderate resistance against early leaf spot and 16 genotypes registered susceptible reaction for both late leaf spot and rust diseases. For early leaf spot, nine genotypes showed susceptible reaction. Five genotypes Kadiri 6, TAG 24, Narayani, Dharani and Abhaya showed highly susceptible reaction to late leaf spot and rust, similarly for early leaf spot three genotypes Kadiri 6, TAG 24 and Narayani showed highly susceptible reaction. Resistant genotypes can be used as parents in resistance breeding. Studies on biochemical attributes indicated that total phenol, OD Phenol, total sugars and reducing sugars were the biochemical constituents found more in resistant genotypes and hence considered as parameters for disease resistance.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SIGNALING MOLECULES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) UNDER WATER STRESS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2021-12-08) MAHAPATRA, DEBASHIS; SREEKANTH, Dr. B.
    A field experiment entitled “Effect of signaling molecules on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under water stress” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during rabi, 2019-20 in split plot design with two main plot treatments viz., M1: Control (No water stress); M2 : Water stress at pegging to pod formation stage and nine sub plot treatments viz., Control (So), 200 ppm ascorbic acid at 40 DAS (S1), 200 ppm ascorbic acid at 60 DAS (S2), 200 ppm salicylic acid at 40 DAS (S3), 200 ppm salicylic acid at 60 DAS (S4), 200 ppm hydrogen peroxide at 40 DAS (S5), 200 ppm hydrogen peroxide at 60 DAS (S6), 200 ppm α-tocopherol at 40 DAS (S7), 200 ppm α-tocopherol at 60 DAS (S8) in three replications. Morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters at 20, 40, 60 & 80 DAS and yield & yield components at harvest were recorded. Water stress declined the plant height (12.65 and 17.96%), number of branches (11.20 and 8.25%), leaf area (17.27 and 22.90%), photosynthetic rate (31.84 and 17.89%), chlorophyll fluorescence (13.33 and 33.84%), leaf water potential (50 and 100%), leaf dry weight (15.50 and 20.47%), stem dry weight (18.12 and 11.40%), pod dry weight (30.005 and 25.76%), root dry weight (17.74 and 9.41%), total plant dry weight (14.90 and 16.46%), proline content (226.31 and 89.58%), catalase activity (14.64 and 20.56%), SOD activity (125 and 78.26% ) but increased membrane injury index (11.75 and 15.31%) during pegging and pod formation stages, respectively. Water stress reduced the test weight (6.17%), shelling% (4.06%), pod yield (2.61%), harvest index (0.54%), total number of pods per plant (18.10%) and pod weight per plant (2.46%). Foliar spray of ascorbic acid (40 DAS) (S1) exhibited higher effect on leaf water potential and test weight but lesser effect on proline and activity of SOD and ascorbic acid (60 DAS) (S2) increased stem dry weight, shelling% and pod weight per plant of groundnut but reduced the plant height and number of branches. Salicylic acid (40 DAS) xv (S3) increased the leaf total dry weight and harvest index but reduced the activity of catalase and leaf water potential and salicylic acid (60 DAS) (S4) improved the leaf area, leaf dry weight, pod dry weight, pod yield, chlorophyll fluorescence, amount of proline, activity of SOD and catalase and yield parameters but reduced the net photosynthetic rate. Hydrogen peroxide (40 DAS) (S5) increased the number of branches, photosynthetic rate, activity of SOD and pod yield but reduced the shoot dry weight and harvest index and hydrogen peroxide (60 DAS) (S6) increased the root dry weight and membrane injury index but reduced the leaf area, α-tocopherol (40 DAS) (S7) increased the plant height but reduced the leaf dry weight, pod dry weight and membrane injury index and αtocopherol (60 DAS) (S8) reduced the shoot and total dry weight and chlorophyll fluorescence. The pod yield increased with S4 (salicylic acid, 200 ppm, 60 DAS) and S5 (hydrogen peroxide, 200 ppm, 40 DAS) treatments as compared to the other treatments due to the increase in pod dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant activity of SOD and catalase and amount of proline and reduced in S6 (hydrogen peroxide, 200 ppm, 60 DAS) and S8 (alpha tocopherol, 200 ppm, 60 DAS) treatments when compared to the other treatments due to the decrease in the dry matter, leaf area, photosynthetic attributes, antioxidant activity of catalase and increased membrane injury index and it was concluded that S4 (salicylic acid, 200 ppm, 60 DAS) and S5 (hydrogen peroxide, 200 ppm, 40 DAS) treatments showed the higher effect and S6 (hydrogen peroxide, 200 ppm, 60 DAS) and S8 (alpha tocopherol, 200 ppm, 60 DAS) showed lesser effect on yield when compared to the other treatments.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF FOXTAIL MILLET (Setaria italica L.) VARIETIES FOR GROWTH, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND YIELD IN RAINFED CONDITIONS
    (2021-12-08) VAGHDEVI, TAMMINENI; JAYALALITHA, Dr. K.
    A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, during kharif 2019-20 to study the “Characterization of foxtail millet varieties for growth, photosynthesis and yield in rainfed conditions”. Ten treatments consisting of ten varieties viz., foxtail millet varieties i.e., Prasad (T1), Krishnadevaraya (T2), Narasimharaya (T3), Sreelakshmi (T4), SiA 3085 (T5), Suryanandi (T6), SiA 3156 (T7), SiA 3222 (T8), Lepakshi (T9) and PS-4 (T10), and laid out in a Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice. Observations were recorded on growth, photosynthetic attributes, WUE traits and biochemical parameters at 20 days interval between 20 to 80 DAS. The data on yield and yield attributes were recorded at harvest. Varietal variability was observed among the foxtail millet varieties with respect to growth, photosynthesis, WUE traits, biochemical and yield parameters. Prasad exhibited superior performance by recording increase in plant height and number of tillers by 47.3 and 92.0 percent, respectively over SiA-3222. In all the varieties, there was a gradual increase in leaf area and leaf drymatter from 20 to 60 DAS and declined at harvest. Prasad and Krishnadevaraya recorded 59.0 and 51.0 per cent increase in leaf area and 1.8 folds increase in leaf drymatter, respectively, over SiA 3222. This might be due to higher leaf area possessed by both the varieties in the present study. Lesser leaf area and leaf drymatter was recorded by SiA 3222. Narasimharaya and Prasad showed 2.3 and 2.0 folds increase in stem drymatter, and 2.0 and 1.9 folds increase in total drymatter, respectively, over SiA 3222. Prasad, Narasimharaya and Suryanandi recorded 1.8, 1.7 and 1.5 folds increase in reproductive parts drymatter, respectively, over SiA 3222. xiii Higher CGR and NAR were recorded by the varieties Narasimharaya and Prasad and they showed 3.3 and 3.1 folds increase in CGR, and 3.3 and 3.0 folds increase in NAR, respectively, over SiA 3222. PS-4 recorded increase in RGR by 3.1 folds over SiA 3222. The foxtail millet varieties Prasad, Krishnadevaraya, Suryanandi and Narasimharaya recorded 59.0, 51.0, 39.0 and 36.2 per cent increase in LAI, respectively, over SiA 3222. Krishnadevaraya, Narasimharaya, SiA 3085 and Suryanandi recorded 22.7, 18.1, 18.1 and 18.1 per cent increase in SLW, respectively, over SiA-3222. Prasad recorded 69.0 per cent increase in photosynthetic rate over Lepakshi. Prasad and Narasimharaya recorded highest stomatal conductance by 67.7 and 54.9 per cent, respectively over PS-4. Sreelakshmi, Narasimharaya and Prasad showed increase in transpiration rate (i.e., 111.2, 104.0 and 97.6 per cent, respectively) over SiA 3222. Higher RWC was recorded by Prasad, Narasimharaya and Suryanandi varieties i.e., 14.2, 10.2 and 9.2 per cent, respectively, than SiA 3222. Krishnadevaraya, Suryanandi, Narasimharaya, SiA 3085 and Prasad recorded 17.4, 17.4, 15.2, 15.2 and 10.9 per cent decrease in SLA, respectively, over SiA 3156 and SiA 3222. The SCMR values were recorded higher by the varieties viz., Suryanandi, Prasad and Narasimharaya by 22.9, 21.1 and 20.4 per cent, respectively, over Lepakshi. The proline content was increased by 85.8, 52.2 and 42.5 per cent, and the caroteniod by 33.3, 27.3 and 24.2 per cent by Prasad, Narasimharaya and Suryanandi, respectively, over SiA 3222. Prasad, Suryanandi and Narasimharaya recorded higher NR activity i.e., 25.0, 24.5 and 19.0 per cent, respectively, over PS-4 and 70.3, 65.4 and 56.0 per cent increase in SOD activity, respectively, over SiA 3222. The number of panicle m-2 was increased by 36.9, 32.1 and 28.0 per cent, compared to Lepakshi, by Prasad, Suryanandi and Narasimharaya, respectively. Higher number of filled grains panicle-1 was recorded with the varieties SiA 3222, Sreelakshmi and PS-4 (37.6, 26.4 and 22.8 per cent, respectively) than Krishnadevaraya. Narasimharaya recorded 1.30 g more test weight over SiA 3222. Prasad, Narasimharaya and Suryanandi increased the grain yield by 33.9, 20.4 and 19.4 per cent over SiA 3222. Krishnadevaraya, Suryanandi and SiA 3222 recorded higher HI i.e., 44.6, 44.3 and 43.1 per cent, respectively, over PS-4. Correlation coefficients indicated strong positive correlation for photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total drymatter production, RWC and SCMR readings with grain yield. The varieties namely Prasad, Narasimharaya and Suryanandi which recorded higher grain yield, also recorded higher photosynthetic rate, more number of tillers per plant and total drymatter production. Apart from these, they also recorded high RWC, proline content, Nitrate Reductase activity, antioxidant metabolites and enzymes such as carotenoids and Superoxide dismutase, respectively and WUE traits viz., high SCMR and low SLA under rainfed conditions. The foxtail millet varieties viz., SiA 3222, PS-4 and Lepakshi showed poor performance interms of growth, photosynthetic characteristics, WUE traits and grain yield in the present study. xiv Though the crop experienced two dry spells at panicle intiation and flowering stage and at grain ripening stage during its growing period, but the varieties Prasad, Narasimharaya and Suryanandi performed well by accumulating osmoprotectants i.e., proline and antioxidants viz., carotenoid and SOD in higher amounts which might helped the plants in the mitigation of water stress occurred in rainfed condition. Based on these results, it could be concluded that the varieties Prasad, Narasimharaya and Suryanandi may be popularized due to their noteworthy performance under rainfed conditions of Krishna Zone.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL VARIABILITY IN BLACKGRAM GENOTYPES (Vigna mungo (L.) HEPPER) FOR TOLERANCE TO LEAF CURL DISEASE
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2021-12-08) DINESH RAHUL, VADLAMUDI; . RAMA RAO, Dr. G
    The present study entitled “Physiological and biochemical variability in blackgram genotypes (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) for tolerance to leaf curl disease” was conducted at RARS, Lam, Guntur during late rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 in a randomized block design. The treatments included were 25 blackgram genotypes with three replications. Results obtained from the study revealed that significant difference was observed among the genotypes for leaf curl disease incidence, thrips population, plant height, number of branches, trichome density, leaf thickness, leaf area, SLA, SLW, LAI, SCMR, total chlorophyll content, total phenols, tannins, total soluble sugars, free amino acids, protein content, catalase activity, peroxidase activity and hydrogen peroxide content at 20, 40, 60 DAS and at maturity and CGR and NAR at 20 – 40 DAS, 40 – 60 DAS and 60 DAS to maturity during both the seasons. The twenty five genotypes evaluated were grouped in to four different categories based on leaf curl disease incidence (%), 8 genotypes (LBG 884, LBG 888, GBG 1, VBG-13-3, TBG 129, PBG 32-2, TU40, GKB 3) under resistant category, 9 genotypes (LBG 623, LBG 806, LBG 808, LBG 818, LBG 881, GKB 1, GKB 2, GKB 4, VBG 14-16) as moderately resistant, 6 genotypes (LBG 752, LBG 787, LBG 822, LBG 828, LBG 951,PU31) were placed under moderately susceptible category and 2 genotypes (TBG 125, TBG 104) were found susceptible. The experiment was late sown during both late rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 to coincide with higher temperatures, lower relative humidity and high vector population resulting in higher leaf curl disease incidence. Among the genotypes tested higher leaf curl disease incidence (%) was observed in the susceptible genotypes TBG 104 (49%) and TBG 125 (46.45%). Lower disease incidence was recorded in the genotypes TU 40 (5.43%) and LBG 884 (8.23%). Higher thrips population was recorded in the genotypes LBG 623 (13.2 plant-1 ) and GKB 4 (11 plant-1 ). Leaf curl disease infection caused a significant reduction in plant height, number of branches and leaf area in all the genotypes and higher percent reduction was observed in susceptible genotypes compared to their genotypic characters. Plant height in susceptible genotypes was reduced by 56.4% whereas in resistant genotypes it was 33.7%. The percentage reduction in the number of xviii branches was 65.3 in susceptible genotypes and 46.1 in resistant genotypes. The reduction in the leaf area of susceptible genotypes was 82.9% and the resistant genotypes showed only 52.8 % reduction in leaf area. Trichome density was observed to be maximum at 60 DAS and among the genotypes higher trichome density was observed in GKB 3 (27.67 per 10mm2 ) followed by LBG 884 (27.22 per 10mm2 ). Higher leaf thickness was observed at maturity in all the genotypes and among the genotypes highest leaf thickness value was recorded in TU 40 and GBG 1 (0.437 mm). The lower values of trichome density at 60 DAS and lower leaf thickness at maturity were recorded in the genotypes LBG 623 (12.09 per 10mm2 ) and LBG 951 (0.377 mm) respectively. Resistant genotypes accumulated higher dry matter compared to the genotypes of any other category. The resistant genotype TU 40 showed higher values of leaf, stem, root and pod dry weight at maturity with 5.274, 5.032, 1.485 and 3.696 g plant-1 respectively. Lower SLA values were recorded at 60 DAS in all the genotypes and among genotypes lower SLA values were observed in GBG 1 (105 cm2 g -1 ) grouped under resistant category in GBG 1. Higher SLW values were also observed at 60 DAS in all the genotypes where the resistant genotype GBG 1 (9.13 mg cm-2 ) recorded the highest of all the genotypes. Higher CGR values were recorded during 40-60 DAS in all the genotypes and among the genotypes higher CGR value was recorded in the resistant genotype TU 40 (12.50 g m-2 ground area day-1 ). Maximum NAR values were recorded during 20-40 DAS in all the genotypes and the higher NAR value was recorded in PBG 32-2 (11.46 g m-2 leaf area day-1 ). Lower values of total dry matter at maturity, SLW at 60 DAS, CGR during 40-60 DAS and NAR during 40-60 DAS were recorded in the genotypes GKB 4 (8.46 g plant1 ), TBG 104 (3.11 mg cm-1 ), LBG 623 (5.16 g m-2 ground area day-1 ) and TBG 104 (5.76 g m-2 leaf area day-1 ) respectively. Higher total phenolic and tannins content was observed at maturity in all the genotypes and among them LBG 818 (73.11 µg g-1 FW) recorded higher total phenols content and the genotypes TU 40 and GKB 3 (5.22 mg g-1 DW) recorded higher tannins content. Whereas the lower values of phenols and tannins were recorded in the genotype LBG 623 (51.47 µg g-1 FW and 4.01 mg g DW) The higher TSS content at 40 DAS was recorded in the genotype LBG 623 (177 µg g-1 FW) whereas the lower value was recorded in GKB 3 (90.23 µg g-1 FW). The higher FAA content at maturity was recorded in TBG 104 (1.132 mg g-1 FW) whereas the lower value was recorded in GKB 4 (0.543 mg g-1 FW). The higher protein content was recorded at 40 DAS in all the genotypes and among them higher value was observed in VBG 13-3 (1.851 mg g-1 FW) and the lower value was found in LBG 623 (1.396 mg g-1 FW). Higher catalase and peroxidase activities were recorded at 40 DAS and 60 DAS respectively in all the genotypes. Among the genotypes higher catalase activity was recorded in TU 40 (74.85 ng min-1 mg-1 protein) and lower catalase activity was observed in TBG 104 (33.33 ng min-1 mg-1 protein). Among the genotypes higher peroxidase activity was recorded in TU 40 (80.72 ng min-1 mg-1 protein) and the lower peroxidase activity was recorded in TBG 104 (40.83 ng min-1 mg-1 protein). The H2O2 content of all the genotypes increased with the advancement in age and at 40 DAS the H2O2 accumulation was observed in response to the disease infection. Higher H2O2 content among the genotypes was observed in TBG 104 (129.57 nmol g-1 FW) whereas lower H2O2 accumulation was observed in TU 40 (71.27 nmol g-1 FW). The leaf nitrogen content was observed to be decreased from 20 DAS to maturity in all the genotypes. The genotype LBG 623 recorded higher N content at 20, 40, 60 DAS and at maturity (2.92, 2.49, 1.74 and 1.49% respectively) and lower N content values were recorded in the genotype TU 40 (1.83, 1.40, 0.64 and 0.55% respectively). The leaf xix phosphorus content of all the genotypes depleted from 20 DAS to maturity. Among the genotypes higher P content values were recorded in the genotype TU 40 at 20, 40, 60 DAS and maturity (0.456, 0.280, 0.276 and 0.216% respectively) whereas the lower values were recorded in LBG 623 (0.309, 0.229, 0.183 and 0.174% respectively). The leaf potassium content increased from 20 to 60 DAS in all the genotypes and decreased from 60 DAS to maturity among the genotypes higher K content value at 60 DAS was recorded in the genotype LBG 806 (2.066%) whereas the lower value was record in LBG 623 (1.715%). The leaf curl disease has severely affected the yield and yield component traits of all the genotypes. The genotypes grouped under resistant category TU 40 (739 kg ha-1 ), VBG 13-3 (729 kg ha-1 ) and PBG 32-2 (722 kg ha-1 ) showed higher seed yield. The character association studies has revealed that the morphological traits like leaf thickness and trichome density showed highly significant negative correlation with thrips population at 40 and 60 DAS both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. The physiological traits like SLW, CGR and NAR showed highly significant negative association with leaf curl disease incidence at both phenotypic and genotypic levels and SLA showed a positive association. The biochemical traits such as catalase and peroxidase activities, phenols, tannins, protein, phosphorus and potassium showed a highly significant negative association with leaf curl disease incidence at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Whereas the traits TSS, FAA and H2O2 showed a highly significant positive association with leaf curl disease incidence at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Hence, It can be concluded that the leaf curl disease resistance in blackgram is contributed by higher antioxidant activities, K content and lower FAA and H2O2 contents.