STABILITY ANALYSIS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
2021-12-08
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the information on the
amount of variability present in 42 groundnut genotypes for kernel yield and its 14
component traits. To estimate extent of heritability, nature of association together
with direct and indirect effects of component characters on kernel yield and to
estimate the stability performance. In addition comparing different parameters that
characterize stable genotypes over three environments as well as to screen the
material for disease reaction and confirmation through biochemical parameters.
The 42 genotypes picked up from different sources were evaluated in a
randomized block design with three replications. The data was recorded on 15 traits
viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of mature pods per plant,
pod yield per plant (g), harvest index, 100 pod weight (g), protein content (%), oil
content (%), shelling (%), days to maturity, 100 kernel weight (g), SPAD chlorophyll
meter reading at 60 and 80 DAS, kernel yield per plant (g) and oil yield per plant (g).
The analysis of variance has indicated significant differences among genotypes for all
the characters studied indicating the existence of a high degree of variability among
the test genotypes.
High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was
noticed for the characters number of mature pods per plant, pod yield per plant, 100
pod weight, 100 kernel weight, kernel yield per plant and oil yield per plant in all the
environments indicating the importance of additive gene action in governing the
inheritance of these traits. Therefore by attempting a simple selection in these traits
would help in evolving high yielding groundnut genotypes.
Character association study has revealed that the characters, days to 50 per
flowering, number of mature pods per plant, pod yield per plant, harvest index, 100
pod weight, protein content, 100 kernel weight, shelling %, days to maturity, SCMR
at 60 DAS, SCMR at 80 DAS, and oil yield per plant showed positive correlation with
kernel yield. Hence, due weightage should be given to these characters during
selection for yield improvement.
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Path coefficient analysis has revealed that oil yield per plant together with pod
yield per plant have exhibited strong positive correlation and high direct effects on
kernel yield per plant both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Therefore,
simultaneous selection for these traits will be rewarding for improving the yield in
groundnut.
Diversity studies revealed that the traits Protein content, oil content, days to
maturity and 100 kernel weight have contributed maximum towards genetic
divergence. The genotypes were grouped into nine clusters using Tocher‟s method.
The traits viz. Days to 50% flowering, pod yield per plant, 100 pod weight, 100 kernel
weight, days to maturity and kernel yield per plant recorded highest mean value in
cluster VIII; for the traits like plant height, Number of mature pods per plant, Oil
content, SCMR at 60 DAS and SCMR at 80 DAS the highest mean value in cluster
IX. Similarly highest mean value was found in cluster VI for harvest index and
shelling %; for Protein content and oil yield per plant highest mean value in cluster
III.
The analysis of variance pooled over three environments for stability among
the 42 groundnut genotypes has revealed significant differences for all the characters
except the number of mature pods per plant and protein content. Environment (linear)
is significant for all the characters except SCMR at 80 DAS. The genotypeenvironment interaction component is non-significant for most of the characters
except days to 50 per cent flowering, pod yield per plant (g), 100 pod weight (g),
shelling %, kernel yield per plant and oil yield per plant. Thus the study has indicated
a lesser influence of environment on the genotypes evaluated. The genotypeenvironment (linear) component showed significance for the characters days to 50 per
cent flowering, pod yield per plant, hundred pod weight, shelling %, SCMR at 80
DAS, Kernel yield per plant and oil yield per plant. The pooled deviation component
is significant for most of the characters except hundred pod weight, hundred kernel
weight, shelling % and days to maturity. Thus indicating the importance of non-linear
components in determining interaction of the genotypes with environments in the
present study.
None of the genotypes have shown stable performance for all the characters
studied according to the Eberhart and Russell model. The genotypes Kadiri 8 bold , K
2104 , K 2066, K 2064 , K 2014, K 1725 and K 1609 for Kernel yield per plant;
Kadiri 8 bold, K 2066, K 2064, K 2014, K 1735, K 1725 and K 1609 for oil yield per
plant were found to be stable over the environments.
According to AMMI analysis, the genotypes, K 1725 and K 1715 were found
to be stable for kernel yield per plant over the environments. The genotypes Kadiri 8
bold and K 1725 were stable for oil yield per plant over the environments as their
IPCA-1 score is near to zero.
Among the 16 qualitative traits studied, growth habit, stem pigmentation, pod
beak, pod constriction, pod reticulation, pod size, kernel size and testa colour have
exhibited higher levels of variability.
None of the genotypes were found to be immune to either of the three diseases
studied. Only Six genotypes have showed resistance against late leaf spot and rust
while nine genotypes have shown resistance reaction against early leaf spot. 15
genotypes showed moderate resistance for late leaf spot and rust. Twenty one
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genotypes recorded moderate resistance against early leaf spot and 16 genotypes
registered susceptible reaction for both late leaf spot and rust diseases. For early leaf
spot, nine genotypes showed susceptible reaction. Five genotypes Kadiri 6, TAG 24,
Narayani, Dharani and Abhaya showed highly susceptible reaction to late leaf spot
and rust, similarly for early leaf spot three genotypes Kadiri 6, TAG 24 and Narayani
showed highly susceptible reaction. Resistant genotypes can be used as parents in
resistance breeding.
Studies on biochemical attributes indicated that total phenol, OD Phenol, total
sugars and reducing sugars were the biochemical constituents found more in resistant
genotypes and hence considered as parameters for disease resistance.
Description
STABILITY ANALYSIS IN
GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)