Thumbnail Image

Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

News

https://angrau.ac.in/ANGRU/Library_Resources.aspx

Browse

2015 - 201835
Reset filters
Subject: Crop Physiology × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 35
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) GENOTYPES FOR TOLERANCE TO YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS (YMV) AND NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS TO ENHANCE TOLERANCE
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) RAJITHA, B; RAJA RAJESWARI, V
    A field experiment entitled “Characterization of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes for tolerance to yellow mosaic virus (YMV) and nutritional interventions to enhance tolerance” was conducted at crop physiology laboratory (Lab study) and dryland farm (Field study), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati. The blackgram genotypes (5 known tolerant + 5 known susceptible) obtained from Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam farm, Guntur and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati were characterized under field conditions for YMV tolerance during rabi 2016-17 and summer 2017. Both susceptible and tolerant blackgram genotypes differed in their response to YMV infection in terms of morphological, physiological, biochemical, yield, nutrients and disease related characters. Among the five known tolerant blackgram genotypes, Cv. TBG-104 showed higher tolerance while Cv. LBG-623 was highly susceptible in five known susceptible group. Correlation studies revealed that significant negative relation of growth parameters and trichome density with percentage of disease incidence, whereas plant height and leaf lamina thickness established positive correlation. Based on results obtained a set of two blackgram genotypes i.e. one most susceptible (LBG-623) and other most tolerant (TBG- 104) genotypes were selected and laboratory experiment was conducted to identify safer Name of the Author : B. RAJITHA Title of the Thesis : CHARACTERIZATION OF BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) GENOTYPES FOR TOLERANCE TO YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS (YMV) AND NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS TO ENHANCE TOLERANCE Major Advisor : Dr. V. RAJA RAJESWARI Degree to which it is submitted : DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Faculty : AGRICULTURE Major field : CROP PHYSIOLOGY University : ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2018 xxiv concentrations of nano scale oxide particles of Zn, Mg and Fe for blackgram through seed treatment. Among the various nano scale concentrations, nano scale Zinc Oxide @ 200 ppm, nano scale Magnesium Oxide @ 100 ppm and nano scale Iron Oxide @ 200 ppm recorded higher seedling vigour index (SVI) in terms of higher germination percentage and seedling growth in both the genotypes. These concentrations were selected for further evaluation of improving tolerance to yellow mosaic virus and yield under field condition. A field study was conducted during summer 2018 with two blackgram genotypes (TBG-104 and LBG-623) and nine treatments as foliar sprays including water spray control and replicated thrice in split-plot design. YMV infection was observed at 30 DAS. The foliar treatmental sprays were imposed at 30 and 50 DAS. Growth and physiological traits viz. plant height, leaf area, total drymatter, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD), specific leaf weight (SLW) were found reduced in susceptible genotype (LBG-623) as compared to tolerant genotype (TBG-104) whereas leaf lamina thickness increased in susceptible genotype (LBG-623). Bulk and nano scale combined treatmental sprays and bulk MgSO4 @ 0.2% and nano scale Magnesium Oxide @ 100 ppm maintained significantly higher leaf area, dry matter and superior physiological traits viz., LAI, LAD and SLW and also greater SCMR compared to control. These treatmental sprays also recorded higher YMV tolerance interms of high SCMR, higher chlorophyll content, total phenols, total proteins, accumulation catalase enzyme, which denotes the efficiency of these treatments in enhancing YMV tolerance. Computing yield advantage and cost benefit ratio of foliar spray treatments for YMV tolerance, combined application of bulk ZnSO4 @ 0.2% + MgSO4 @ 0.2% + FeSO4 @ 0.2% recorded significantly higher B:C Ratio followed by nano scale Magnesium Oxide @ 100 ppm and combined application of nano sacle Zinc Oxide @ 200 ppm + Magnesium Oxide @ 100 ppm + Iron Oxide @ 200 ppm compared to control water spray. The present study revealed that, micronutrient foliar spray applications viz., combined application of nano scale Zinc Oxide @ 200 ppm + Magnesium Oxide @ 100 ppm + Iron Oxide @ 200 ppm, combined application of bulk ZnSO4 @ 0.2% + MgSO4 @ 0.2% + FeSO4 @ 0.2% and nano scale Magnesium Oxide @ 100 ppm were found superior in terms of YMV tolerance, morpho-physiological efficiency, nutrient content, biochemical, yield and yield components. Other treatments viz., nano scale Zinc Oxide @ 200 ppm, nano scale Iron Oxide @ 200 ppm and bulk FeSO4 @ 0.2% showed moderate performance. Hence, combined application of nano scale Zinc Oxide @ 200 ppm + Magnesium Oxide @ 100 ppm + Iron Oxide @ 200 ppm, followed by bulk ZnSO4 @ 0.2% + MgSO4 @ 0.2% + FeSO4 @ 0.2% were promising. Among the individual nutrient sprays, bulk MgSO4 @ 0.2% and nano scale Magnesium Oxide @ 100 ppm showed to play disease tolerance and minimized the incidence of YMV in blackgram.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) PRANUSHA, P; RAJA RAJESWARI, V
    The present investigation was carried out in the Indian Institute of Millet Research, Hyderabad to evaluate “Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance”. A field study was conducted with thirty finger millet genotypes, evaluated for drought tolerance in terms of higher physiological efficiency, drought tolerance capabilities and yield along with grain quality traits. The field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2015 and Kharif, 2016. Field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice and imposed moisture stress from panicle initiation to grain filling stage under rainout shelter during both years of experimentation. During this period morphological characters like plant height, leaf area, total dry matter, physiological parameters, SCMR, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll stability index (CSI), gas exchange parameters were recorded periodically and yield related parameters were recorded at harvest. Under imposed moisture stress conditions morpho-physiological traits are significantly reduced compared to control, whereas proline (osmoregulant), super oxide dismutase and catalase (antioxidant enzymes) were increased. xvii The genotypes, GE-1013, GE-224, GE-1034 and GE-1028 maintained optimum leaf area, high dry matter, CGR, LAI and LAD compared to other entries and these genotypes also recorded high photosynthetic rate and WUE traits i.e moderate SLA and high SCMR, CSI, high proline accumulation and SOD enzyme activity and higher grain yield, which denotes the efficiency of these genotypes in conserving water as well as maintaining osmoregulation and better performance under moisture stress condition. Whereas GE-5112 and GE 156, GE-4004 and GE-390 recorded lower physiological attributes along with lower yield attributes denoting their susceptibility for drought. Genetic diversity studies with a set of 25 SSR markers revealed presence of variability among 30 finger millet genotypes. The number of alleles ranged from 1 to 7 with an average of 1.64 alleles. The mean values of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.04 and 0.55. The average polymorphism information content was 0.07 in the present study. The 30 genotypes of finger millet were grouped into 6 clusters by UPGMA method, irrespective of geographical diversity, indicating no parallelism between geographic and genetic diversity. Clusters I, III and V formed solitary clusters revealed that presence of diversity for various characters among these genotypes. The genetic divergence analysis based on physiological attributes helps in providing valuable information in choosing the parents for hybridization for achieving higher yield. The variability existing in the finger millet genotypes provide opportunities for breeders to select specific donors for genetic improvement. The present study revealed that there is a sufficient genotypic variability among thirty finger millet genotypes for growth, drought tolerance, yield and its attributes. The genotypes GE-1034, GE-639 and GE-224, GE-1013 and GE-1028 were identified to be moisture stress tolerant genotypes in terms of physiological efficiency, osmotic regulation, yield and yield components. These genotypes can be used as donor source for crop improvement of drought tolerant finger millet genotypes through conventional or molecular breeding.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF SILICON SOLUBILIZERS ON BLAST TOLERANCE, GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GENOTYPES
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) LAKSHMI PRASANNA, Y; RAJA RAJESWARI, V
    The present investigation entitled “Influence of silicon solubilizers on blast tolerance, growth, development and yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L) Genotypes” was conducted at DRR farm (Indian Institute of Rice Research), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana. The study conducted as two experiments and one experiment (Experiment I) was laid out during Kharif 2014 and 2015 in split plot design and replicated thrice with three main treatments control (T0), silixol @ 0.2% (T1), imidazole @ 0.05 % (T2) and eight sub treatments DRRH 3 (V1), PA 6129 (V2), PA 6201 (V3), PA 6444 (V4), PHB 71 (V5), BPT 5204 (V6), CO 39 (V7) and HR 12 (V8). An artificial blast screening nursery experiment (Experiment II) was conducted in Rabi 2014-2015, using blast susceptible genotype HR 12. Blast disease pressure was created by artificial inoculation. Pre infectional and post infectional spray of silicon solubilizers along with carbendazim were imposed. Another artificial blast screening nursery experiment (Experiment III) was laid out with eight rice genotypes during Rabi 2015-2016 and pre infectional and post infectional spray of silicon solubilizers were imposed. Crop response to silicon solubilizer treatments was measured in terms of morphological, physiological, biochemical, yield and its attributes and blast disease incidence. Among the silicon solubilizer treatments imidazole @ 0.05 % recorded significantly higher values for all these parameters except blast tolerance followed by silixol @ 0.2 % in both Kharif 2014 and Kharif 2015. xii Among the individual effects genotype PHB 71 showed significantly higher values for morphological, physiological, biochemical, yield and its attributes and lower blast disease incidence followed by PA 6129. PA 6201 and PA 6444 recorded moderate values for all these parameters and HR 12 and CO 39 recorded the lowest values for all these parameters. Data on different growth parameters viz., plant height, total dry matter revealed that imidazole @ 0.05 % recorded highest of all the above parameters compared to control and silixol @ 0.2 %. Among the genotypes HR 12 recorded highest plant height and total dry matter followed by PHB 71 and PA 6129. Data on tiller number, leaf area and leaf area index were significantly higher in the imidazole @ 0.05 % treatment compared to control. Among the genotypes PHB 71 and PA 6129 recorded highest tiller number and leaf area and lowest values were recorded for HR 12 followed by CO 39. Silicon solubilizer treatments significantly recorded the lowest no of days for 50 % flowering and maturity. The results indicated that the growth characteristics like CGR, RGR, NAR, SLA and LAD increased with the silicon solubilizers treatment due to increase in the leaf area and dry matter production. PHB 71 maintained higher CGR, SLA and LAD values followed by PA 6129 and PA 6201. The results of physiological parameters indicated that silicon solubilizers recorded high SCMR, total chlorophyll content and significantly increased the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and maintained lower transpiration rate, leaf temperature. Imidazole @ 0.05 % treatment showed significantly higher values compared to silixol treatment @ 0.2 %. PHB 71 maintained higher photosynthetic values followed by PA 6129 and PA 6201 lowest values were recorded for HR 12 followed by CO 39. Data on the biochemical parameters indicated silicon solubilizers significantly increased the total chlorophyll content, silicilic acid content, total sugar content and phenol content. Imidazole @ 0.05 % treatment showed significantly higher values compared to silixol treatment @ 0.2%. PHB 71 maintained higher values followed by PA 6129 and PA 6201 lowest values were recorded for HR 12 followed by CO 39. Yield and its attributes i.e. number of panicles m-2, number of effective tillers hill-1, total grains panicle-1, filled grain panicle-1, grain yield kg ha-1, harvest index and test weight (g) were higher with Imidazole @ 0.05 % treatment followed by silixol treatment @ 0.2%. PHB 71 maintained higher yield attributes followed by PA 6129, PA 6201. Lowest values were recorded for HR 12, CO 39 recorded lowest values during both years of testing. xiii Highest incidence of blast disease in the field experiment (Experiment I) was observed in control which was 29.63 % followed by silixol @ 0.2 % treatment (23.61 %). The least Percentage disease index (PDI) was recorded in Imidazole treatment @ 0.05% (23.15 %). Among the genotypes HR 12 recorded highest PDI followed by CO 39 during both years of testing and lowest PDI was recorded for PA 6129, PHB 71 and PA 6201. Results of experiment II denotes that both the post infectional and pre infectional spray of different dosages of silicon solubilizers on HR 12 showed least PDI in carbendazim @ 0.2 % followed by silixol treatment @ 0.5 % and Imidazole @ 0.2 % treatment and highest PDI observed in control. Increased dosage of silicon solubilizers decreased the PDI for blast. Results of experiment III denotes that post infectional and pre infectional spray of silicon solubilizers on eight rice genotypes showed highest incidence of blast disease in control (T0) followed by silixol @ 0.2 % treatment and Imidazole treatment @ 0.05 %. Highest PDI was recorded in HR 12 followed by CO 39, BPT 5204, PA 6444 and DRRH 3 showed complete susceptibility to blast. PA 6201 and PA 6129 recorded lowest PDI and showed the resistance towards the blast disease and PHB 71 showed moderate resistance towards blast disease. More effectiveness of treatments was recorded in pre inoculation spray compared to post inoculational spray. Based on results obtained from the present study, it is evident that the Imidazole treatment @ 0.05 % proved effective among silicon solubilizer treatments in improving growth, physiological parameters. However significant effect in inducing blast tolerance in rice genotypes was not observed. Among the genotypes PHB 71 and PA 6129 were found effective for morphological, physiological efficiency, biochemical and yield attributes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING AND SUPPLEMENTAL IRON NUTRITION ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF DRY DIRECT SOWN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) PAVANI, R; UMAMAHESH, V
    Laboratory, pot culture and field experiments were conducted to know the “effect of seed priming and supplemental iron nutrition on growth and yield parameters of dry direct sown rice” during kharif and rabi, 2017-2018 at department of Crop physiology and wet land farm, S.V. Agricultural college, Tirupati. Laboratory experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design replicated thrice with eight treatments and six varieties. The genotype MTU 1010 and the treatments T6 (GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) and T7 (GA3 @ 1000 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) recorded significantly high germination percentage, seedling length and seedling vigor index. Among treatments T5 (GA3 @ 200 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) (1.93) recorded significantly high reducing sugars. MTU 1075 and MTU 1112 (50.1 and 49.2) recorded significantly higher and at par values of starch and significantly lowest and at par α-amylase. Whereas JGL 20171 (2.2) and MTU 1010 (2.1) recorded highest and at par α-amylase. A significant positive correlation (R2= 0.7743, 0.7102 and 0.8771) between α-amylase content and seedling vigour index was observed at 2, 4 and 6 DAT. Among treatments T6 (GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) (2.0) recorded significantly highest α-amylase content. The pot culture experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. There were four varieties (MTU 1010, JGL 20171, NLR 33671 and MTU 1112) and five treatments (control, GA3 @ 1000 ppm, GA3 @ 200 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%, GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3% and GA3 @ 1000 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%). Among varieties MTU 1010 recorded significantly highest plant height (cm) (17.34, 33.38, 45.61, 55.34, 62.51 and 71.64), number of leaves (5.34, 10.94, 30.76, 43.85, 53.62, 66.35), leaf area (cm2) (14.29, 30.49, 177.77, 343.54, 501.14 and 802.78), total dry matter (g) (0.98, 2.06, 4.96, 1032, 15.74 and 24.3) at xix all the crop growth stages. The performance of JGL 20171 and NLR 3367 genotypes was next to MTU 1010 in these parameters, whereas MTU 1112 recorded significantly lowest values. Among treatments T4 (GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) procured better results. MTU 1010 and seed priming treatment T4 (GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) was chosen for field experiment. Along with priming, supplemental iron nutrition was also provided to the crop in different forms and at different times. The field experiment was conducted in a randomised block design with three replications. There were eleven treatments viz., T1 (control), T2(seed priming) T3 (seed priming + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30 DAS), T4 (seed priming + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30 and 60 DAS), T5 (seed priming + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30, 60 and 75 DAS),T6 (seed priming + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30 DAS), T7(seed priming + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30 and 60 DAS), T8 (seed priming + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30 ,60 and 75 DAS), T9 (seed priming +pseudomonas fluorescens + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30 DAS), T10 (seed priming + pseudomonas fluorescens + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30 DAS), T11 (need based spray of FeSO4). Initial advantage of seed priming with GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3% was observed in plant height (13.01 and 18.67), number of leaves (6.17 and 8.18), leaf area (16.46 and 27.67),total dry matter accumulation (0.94 and 1.78), tiller number (1.8), LAI (0.04), LAD (0.90) and CGR (1.51). However by 45 DAS the influence of iron nutrition was more profound. In general, starting from 75 DAS the treatments T4 (Seed priming + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30 and 60 DAS), T8 (Seed priming + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30, 60 and 75 DAS), T5 (Seed priming + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30, 60 and 75 DAS) and T7 (Seed priming + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30 and 60 DAS) were observed to perform better with respect to many morphological and growth parameters. Supplemental iron was provided more than once in these treatments. This was observed in plant height at 90 DAS (90.57, 87.53, 84.77 and 81.57), Leaf area at 90 DAS (1186.80, 1274.8, 1250.8 and 1145.8),days to 50% flowering (96 to 116), LAD at 75-90 DAS (46.75, 48.26, 44.27 and 41.83), CGR at 75-90 DAS (32.22, 29.43), number of productive tillers (11.0, 13.0, 12.0 and 12.0), number of filled grains (208.2, 202.47, 201.4, 200.67 and 195.13), 1000 grain weight (22.5, 20.35,19.56 and 19.51), straw yield (608, 602, 595 and 587) and grain yield (437, 430, 397 and 393). A low harvest index was reported from the present study ranged from 0.35 to 0.42. SCMR values, active iron content and total iron content was recorded at different crop growth stages. Grain iron content was estimated with Prussian blue staining. A positive correlation of SCMR values with the active iron content (R2= 0.5341) was observed at 90 DAS. Active iron content was observed to be increased with progressive iron concentration. The effect of pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and development of the crop was observed neither at 45 DAS nor at any other growth stage.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF NATURAL LIQUID ORGANICS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY, YIELD AND SEED QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BLACKGRAM
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) BHARGAVI, Y; SUDHAKAR, P
    Experiments were conducted at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati during kharif, 2017 to evaluate efficacy of natural liquid organics on physiological efficiency, yield and seed quality attributes in blackgram. A lab experiment was conducted in complete randomised design with three seed treatments viz., seed soaked in beejamrutha, water and a control was maintained without seed soaking. The results revealed that beejamrutha seed treatment recorded higher germination per cent, seedling vigour index and amylase enzyme activity compared to seed soaked in water and control. However, the coefficient of velocity of germination was recorded higher with the seed soaked in water (31.21) compared to beejamrutha seed treatment (24.88). The field experiment laid out in randomised block design with 3 replications and 10 treatments where individual and combined application of natural liquid organics was compared with inorganic treatments .Various morpho-physiological, biochemical and growth parameters were recorded. Inorganic treatments i.e. ANGRAU-ICM package and ANGRAU-ICM package along with seed treatment with water, recorded significantly higher morphological traits viz., Plant height, total drymatter accumulation, leaf area and growth parameters like CGR, NAR, LAI, LAD, SLW and leaf xvi biochemical constituents like free aminoacids, total phenols contents compared to all other natural organic treatments. Among natural organics, combined application of treatments i.e. seed treatment with beejamrutha, basal application of ghanajeevamrita, foliar sprays of jeevamrutha @ 3% and panchagavya @ 3% for every 10 days on crop found to be superior over their individual applications. Among natural liquid organic foliar sprays jeevamrutha @ 3% recorded significantly higher physiological efficiency and yield than panchagavya. Significantly higher seed yields of 1008.19 kg ha-1 and 962.39 kg ha-1 were recorded with ANGRAU-ICM package and ANGRAU-ICM package with seed treatment with water in blackgram. However, combined application of natural organics recorded on par seed yield (921.67 kg ha-1) with the two inorganic treatments. Post-harvest seed quality attributes viz., carbohydrate content, protein content, total sugars did not differ significantly among different treatments. Significantly higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activities of seed were found in the treatments ANGRAU-ICM package and seed treatment with water along with ANGRAU-ICM package followed by combined organic application treatment. However, plant nitrogen content was recorded higher in the treatment receiving combined use of natural organics followed by inorganics at both 50 DAS and at harvest. Ghanajeevamruta soil application also resulted in higher nitrogen content of the plant compared to other organic treatments alone. Plant phosphorus and potassium content were recorded higher in inorganic treatments (T1 and T2). Lowest, plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the plant was recorded in treatment receiving beejamrutha seed treatment alone. Among natural organics used, combined use of natural organics (T10) recorded higher or on par morpho-physiological attributes and seed yields compared to inorganic treatments (T1, T2) and observed significantly higher values than their individual applications. It denotes that adopting integrated method of natural organics application i.e. seed treatment with beejamrutha, soil application of ghanajeevamritha and foliar spraying of jeevamruta @ 3% and Panchagavya @ 3% for every 10 days can produce on par yields compared to inorganic method of cultivation in blackgram.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS ON PHYSIOLOGY OF GROWTH, NODULATION, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND YIELD IN BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) SHALEM RAJU, REPUDI; ASHOKA RANI, Y
    A field experiment was carried out at the College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla in clay loam soil during rabi 2017-18 to study the “Effects of Micronutrients on Physiology of Growth, Nodulation, Nutrient uptake and Yield in Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.)Hepper)”.The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments of micronutrient application viz., control (T1), Borax @ 2.5 Kg ha-1 (T2), Ammonium molybdate @1.5 Kg ha-1 (T3), Ni Cl2. 6H2O @ 1.0 Kg ha-1 (T4), Borax @ 2.5 kg + Ammonium molybdate @ 1.5 Kg ha-1 (T5), Borax @ 2.5 kg + Ni Cl2. 6H2O @1.0 Kg ha-1 (T6), Ammonium molybdate @ 1.5Kg + Ni Cl2. 6H2O @ 1.0 Kg ha-1 (T7) and Borax @ 2.5 Kg + Ammonium molybdate @ 1.5 Kg + Ni Cl2.6H2O @ 1.0 Kg ha-1(T8) in three replications. Significant increase in plant height (13.7-28.7 %) was observed with Mo, B+Ni, Mo+Ni, B+Mo and B+Mo+Ni application and branch number (19.0 to 50.8 %) was obtained in combination treatments. Leaf area, nodule number and nodule weight plant-1 found increased with B, Mo and combination treatments T5 to T8. RWC of leaves increased significantly with application of micronutrients in combination. Root and pod biomass increased by Mo alone and combination treatments. Biomass of leaf and total plant increased by both individual and combination treatments. Application of B, Mo and Ni individually and in combination increased the CGR and RGR. Increase in NAR was observed with T3 and T5 to T8. Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll ‘a’ and chlorophyll ‘b’ content increased only in combination treatments, while carotenoids found increased in T2, T4 and T5 to T8. Increase in internal CO2 concentration and decrease in transpiration rate was obtained with all treatments T2 to T8, but stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate responded positively with treatments T5 to T8. Leghaemoglobin content in nodules, activity of urease in leaves and nodules and protein content in seed increased with B, Mo and Ni application individually and in combination. Activity of NR in leaves increased with T2 to T8 except Ni (T4) application alone. All combination treatments increased the NPK content and uptake in plant and seed to a greater extent than individual application. Earliness in 50 per cent flowering, 50 per cent pod maturity and increase in pod number plant-1 and pod length was obtained in treatments T2 to T8. Flower number plant-1 and pod weight increased with T3 and T5 to T8. Seed number pod-1 increased only in combination treatments. Test weight was not influenced by B, Mo and Ni nutrition. The increase in seed yield over control (1257.1 kg ha-1) was high in combination of three nutrients (2144.5 kg ha-1) and B+Mo application (1973.0 kg ha-1). B and Mo individual application also increased the yield by 1.1 and 1.2 folds respectively. Ni application alone had no influence on yield.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SEED PRE - TREATMENT AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC ON GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND YIELD OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata L.) UNDER WATER STRESS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) BATHULA, SRIKANTH; JAYALALITHA, K
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of seed pre - treatment and foliar application of zinc on growth, physiological parameters and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under water stress” was undertaken at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during rabi, 2017-18.The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two main treatments viz., no stress i.e. control (M0) and water stress from flowering stage (i.e. from 30 DAS) upto harvest (M1) and seven sub treatments viz., no zinc application (S0), seed treatment with 0.05 and 0.075% ZnSO4 solution for 5 hrs before sowing (S1 and S2, respectively), foliar spray of zinc @ 300, 400 and 500 ppm at 30 DAS (S3, S4 and S5, respectively) and water spray at 30 DAS (S6) in three replications. The results of the study revealed that, significant differences were observed between main and sub treatments and their interactions. Plant height and number of branches plant-1 decreased significantly under water stress condition, and the decrease was 5.0 and 14.7 per cent with the plants that were subjected to water stress from flowering stage, respectively, over control plants. Foliar spray of zinc @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS increased the plant height and number of branches by 21.6 and 20.9 per cent, respectively, compared to untreated plants. Under water stress condition, foliar spray of zinc @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS (M1S5) recorded 23.9 per cent increase in number of branches compared to no zinc application (M1S0). Leaf area was reduced by 14.8 per cent and leaf, stem, reproductive parts and total dry matter was decreased by 23.0, 23.3, 15.3 and 18.7 per cent, respectively in the plants that were subjected to stress from flowering stage over control plants. Foliar zinc spray @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS increased the leaf area by 30.0 per cent at 45 DAS and; leaf, stem, reproductive parts dry matter and total dry matter by 24.6, 24.8, 20.9 and 22.5 per cent, respectively, over untreated plants. Normal irrigated plants sprayed with zinc @ 500 ppm (M0S5) recorded the highest values of above parameters and the lowest values were recorded by the stressed plants with no zinc application (M1S0). Under water stress, mungbean plants sprayed with zinc @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS (M1S5) increased the leaf area and leaf, stem, reproductive parts and total dry matter by 23.9 and 17.6, 16.4, 23.9 and 21.3 per cent, respectively, over unsprayed plants (M1S0). The plants that were subjected to water stress from flowering stage decreased the RWC, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 10.0, 7.5 and 12.6 per cent, respectively; and increased the proline accumulation and SOD activity by 10.3 and 30.0 per cent, respectively, over control plants. Zinc foliar spray @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS increased the RWC, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 8.1, 10.2 and 6.1 per cent; and increased the proline and SOD activity by 10.8 and 21.3 per cent, respectively, over untreated plants. The plants that were stressed from flowering stage with foliar spray of zinc @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS (M1S5) recorded 24.3 and 60.5 per cent increase in proline and SOD activity, respectively, compared with the unstressed plants with water spray (M0S6). Number of pods plant-1, 100 - seed weight and seed yield decreased by 23.0, 6.0 and 33.6 per cent, respectively, under water stress condition compared to irrigated plants. Foliar spray of zinc @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS increased the number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 100 - seed weight and seed yield by 24.7, 20.0, 3.3 and 55.2 per cent, respectively, over untreated plants. Foliar zinc spray @ 400 ppm at 30 DAS and seed pre - treatment with zinc @ 0.075% before sowing came in the second order pertaining to the improvement of all yield parameters. Irrigated plants that were sprayed with zinc @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS (M0S5) increased the number of pods plant-1 and seed yield by 31.0 and 65.0 per cent, respectively, over unsprayed plants (M0S0), whereas stressed plants from flowering stage sprayed with zinc @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS (M1S5) increased the number of pods plant-1 and seed yield by 17.0 and 42.0 per cent, respectively, over untreated plants (M1S0). According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that, foliar application of zinc @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS could improve the growth, yield and yield components of mungbean plants both under irrigated as well as water stress conditions. Zinc foliar spray @ 400 ppm at 30 DAS and seed pre - treatment with zinc @ 0.075% before sowing came in the second order. The use of zinc spray @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS especially under stress condition, could alleviate the negative effects of water stress on growth and yield of mungbean by increasing the antioxidant defence system in terms of higher activity of superoxide dismutase, carotenoid content and proline accumulation, which helped the stressed plants to grow successfully from flowering to maturity.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF SILICON NUTRITION ON YIELD OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) BHEEMAIAH), L; SREEKANTH, B
    The present investigation entitled “Physiological role of Silicon nutrition on yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.).” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during Kharif, 2017. Eight treatments were taken, four are soil application with silixol granules and other four are foliar application with sodium silicate along with controls (no silicon and foliar application with water). Silicon was applied either through soil or foliar modes at three different stages of rice cv. BPT-5204 viz., mid-vegetative stage (20 DAT), mid-reproductive stage (55 DAT) and mid-ripening stage (85 DAT). Experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Observations on photosynthetic and biochemical parameters were recorded at 15 days after silicon application and the data on yield and yield components were recorded at harvest. From the above investigation, at all the three sampling stages silicon application either through soil or foliar forms increased the Pn, stomatal conductance, leaf area and SPAD value and decreased the transpiration rate, and this increase/decrease was more with soil application. Among the stages, except SPAD value remaining parameters were highest in mid-reproductive stage, irrespective of time and form of silicon application. Soil application with silixol granules at three different stages increased the reducing, non-reducing, total sugar and silicon contents of rice leaf and culm. Foliar application with 1 % sodium silicate increased the parameters like starch content, protein content and starch phosphorylase activity of rice leaf and culm. The increasing effect of biochemical parameters of leaf and culm were low in vegetative stage and reached to maximum at reproductive stage and then decreased at ripening stage, irrespective of time and form of silicon application. Grain constituents like reducing, non-reducing, total sugar and silicon contents were increased with soil application of silicon. But foliar application of silicon, increased the grain parameters like starch content, protein content and starch phosphorylase activity and this increasing effect was more prominent during reproductive stage of silicon application than vegetative and ripening stages, either through soil or foliar modes. Yield and yield attributing characters like number of spikelets per panicle, filled spikelet percentage, test weight, harvest index, grain yield per panicle and grain yield ha-1 were increased by soil application of silicon, while panicle length, spikelet length, number of primary and secondary branches of panicle were increased by foliar application of silicon and this increase was more at mid reproductive stage than other stages, irrespective of form of silicon nutrition. The computations of correlation among the parameters revealed that there was a strong relation between leaf, culm and grain silicon contents and their photosynthetic, biochemical and yield attributes of rice and this was more prominent during reproductive stage of crop than at vegetative and ripening stages of Si application.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON SENESCENCE AND REMOBILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) VENKATA NARAYANA, PATHI; SREEKANTH, B
    The present study entitled “Studies on senescence and remobilization of nutrients in rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was undertaken at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during Kharif, 2017. The experiment was laid in randomized block design with six rice cultivars MTU-1001, MTU-1010, MTU-7029, BPT-2231, BPT-3291 and BPT-5204 replicated four times. After anthesis, top three leaves separately, top three internodes collectively, panicle axis and grain of main culm were sampled at seven day interval and analysed for physiological and biochemical parameters that serve as indicator of senescence and remobilization of nutrients. In all the varieties, third leaf showed higher FW and DW than the flag and second leaves. With age, DW decreased at higher rate in flag leaf in MTU- 1001, while the same was higher in second and third leaves in BPT-5204 and lesser in BPT 2231, which indicated their relative contribution to reproductive growth. The extent of chlorophyll degradation was 93, 83-85 and 71-73% in flag, second and third leaves, respectively. Varietal variation in chlorophyll loss was minute (1 to 2%) from anthesis to maturity. SOD activity decreased in all the three leaves during the sampling period - in MTU-1010 and MTU-1001 showing higher and lesser rates, respectively in flag leaves; in MTU-7029 and BPT-3291 showing higher and lesser rates, respectively in second leaves; in BPT-3291 and BPT-5204 showing higher and lesser rates respectively in third leaves. APOX activity also declined in successive leaf samples, with higher decline rate in flag leaf in MTU- 1001 and in second and third leaf in BPT-5204 and with lesser decline rate in BPT-2231 in top three leaves. CAT activity showed similar declining trend with aging in leaves, to an extent of 69 – 76% in flag leaves, 77-80% in second leaves and 78- 83% in the third leaves. During the initial and later halves of the sampling, there was a shift in higher amylase activity from third to flag leaves. Protease activity of leaves showed an increase in all the three leaves with age, with higher levels in flag leaves and lowest levels in third leaves. The pattern of chlorophyll loss, decrease in activity of ROS scavenging enzymes, increase in activity of remobilizing enzymes clearly indicated that the pattern of leaf senescence in all the six cultivars is of sequential mode. In all the cultivars collective fresh and dry weights of the top three internodes of the main culm decreased, with a concomitant increase in the same of panicle axis, during the sampling period. Amylase activity of the top three internodes increased till 14 DAA in MTU-1010, MTU-7029 and BPT-3291, while the increase continued till 21 DAA in MTU-1001, BPT-3291 and BPT- 5204, which later decreased in either case. Similar change in total carbohydrate contents were found in the top three internodes of main culm, which increased to a higher value and decreased later, with the exception of MTU-1010 in which increase in total carbohydrates was till 21 DAA. There were varietal differences in the total carbohydrate contents and amylase enzyme activities of panicle axis, during the sampling period. Total carbohydrate contents of panicle axis increased till 21 DAA, which later decreased. But, the amylase activity of panicle axis increased till either 14 DAA (MTU-1001, MTU-7029, BPT-2231 and BPT-3291) or 21 DAA (MTU-1010 and BPT-5204), which later decreased. In all cultivars, antioxidant enzyme activity of grains declined from a higher level to low with progression of maturity. Varieties differed in relative contents as well as their rates of decline in the activity of grain SOD, CAT and APOX. Total carbohydrates and proteins of grains increased with maturity, which differed among varieties. Extent of increase in total carbohydrates of grain was higher in BPT-5204, while total proteins of grain increased to greater extent in BPT-3291.