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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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2015 - 201614
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Subject: Crop Physiology × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2015 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF Zn APPLICATION ON PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY, PARTITIONING AND GRAIN ZINC FORTIFICATION IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) CULTIVARS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) SHARATH KUMAR REDDY, Y; RAJA RAJESWARI, V
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of Zn Application on Physiological Efficiency, Partitioning and Grain Zinc Fortification in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Cultivars” was conducted in two consecutive years during kharif 2013 and 2014 at RC puram farm, (International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana. The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD and replicated thrice with four genotypes (Improved Chittimuthyalu (V1), VRB-MS(V2), RP-Bio-226 (V3) and IR-64 (V4)) as main treatments, six zinc treatments viz., Control (T1), Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal (T2), Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage (T3), Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T4), Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T5) and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T6) as sub treatments. Crop response to different treatments were measured in terms of various quantitative and qualitative indices viz., physiological, yield and its attributes and zinc partitioning among plant parts. Among the individual effects genotype VRB-MS (V2) recorded significantly higher values for physiological, yield and its attributes, zinc partitioning among plant parts and grains in content followed by RP-BIO-226 (V3), Improved Chittimuthyalu (V1) and IR-64 (V4) in both kharif 2013 and kharif 2014. However, grain quality parameters viz., hulling, milling, kernel length, kernel breadth, L/B ratio and grain chalk percent were higher in IR-64 (V4), while grain biochemical parameters like alkali spreading value, gel consistency, intermediate amylose and higher protein values were recorded in VRB-MS (V2) and RP-BIO-226 (V3). Among xviii the zinc application treatments ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T5) recorded significantly higher growth, yield, quality and grain zinc content followed by only foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at panicle initiation stage and grain filling stage . The interaction effects revealed that the drymatter production and growth parameters which represent sink activity Viz., Crop Growth Rate (CGR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) and sink capacity viz., Leaf area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Duration (LAD), SCMR were significantly higher in VRB-MS (V2) genotype with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T5) followed by RP-BIO-226 (V3T5) in both kharif 2013 and kharif 2014. Data on different growth parameters viz., plant height, number of productive tillers hill-1, panicle length revealed that VRB-MS (V2) genotype with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T5) recorded highest, plant height (cm), number of productive tillers hill-1, panicle length (cm) and lowest no. of days for 50% flowering and maturity. Highest number of total grains panicle-1 and filled grain panicle-1 with lowest spikelet sterility were recorded with basal application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 followed by 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage in VRB-MS (V2T5) compared to all other interaction effects. Maximum grain yield, straw yield and harvest index were recorded in V2T5 treatment compared to all other interactions during both years of testing. Among the interaction effects of grain physical characters, basal application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 followed by 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage in VRB-MS (V2 × T5) recorded higher hulling and milling values, while kernel length, kernel breadth, L/B ratio and grain chalk per cent values were higher with basal application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 followed by 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage on IR-64 (V4T5). Highest zinc uptake and partition values in roots, stems, leaves, husk, brown rice and polished rice in both the years was recorded with basal application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 followed by 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage in VRB-MS (V2T5). The lowest values for zinc uptake and partition in roots, stems, leaves, husk, grain at harvest were recorded in control i.e., no zinc treatment during kharif 2013 and kharif 2014. Based on results obtained from the present study, it is evident that the genotype VRB-MS and RP-BIO-226 were found effective for physiological efficiency, yield attributes, partitioning efficiency and grain biochemical characters, while IR-64 recorded better grain physical characters. Among the zinc treatments basal application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and grain filling stage proved better in effective translocation, partitioning and fortification of zinc in grains followed by only foliar spray at panicle initiation stage and grain filling stage @ 0.2% ZnSO4. Highest Zn fortification in rice grain observed in VRB-MS genotype applied with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage as well as at grain filling stage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF GUM GUAR (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) GENOTYPES FOR MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS AND GRAIN QUALITY
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) ZUBY GOHAR ANSARI; RAMA RAO, G
    The present investigation was aimed at evaluation of gum guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes for morpho-physiological traits and grain quality to identify superior guar genotypes for southern agro climatic region of AP. The guar varieties were tested under field conditions for morpho-physiological traits, yield attributes and biochemical parameters of seeds. The field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2015-16 at dry land farm, on sandy loam soils of Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Dry Land Farm, Tirupati of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University. The experiment was conducted as a Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice with 10 treatments The results revealed that all the morphological and physiological traits were varied significantly among ten guar genotypes except SLA and SLW. As semi-arid conditions prevail in southern agro-climatic zone, growth of all genotypes in terms of plant height and number of branches recorded higher values. RGC-936 recorded higher growth, whereas RGC-986 recorded lowest growth. Total plant dry matter accumulation and leaf area were significantly higher in RGG-13-4, RGC-936 and RGG-12-3 compared to all other genotypes, which denotes that they posses source strength. Dry matter at harvest showed positive correlation (R2 = 0.495) with seed yield. xv Physiological traits viz. CGR and NAR values varied significantly among the genotypes. RGG-13-4 and RGG-12-3 recorded higher CGR and NAR values. Among the leaf related physiological traits leaf area duration, leaf area index and total leaf chlorophyll content were also significantly higher in the two genotypes i.e. RGG-13-4 and RGG-12-3. In southern agroclimatic condition RGG-13-4 and RGG-12-3 recorded superior morphophysiological traits compared to all other genotypes. Leaf area index showed a positive correlation (R2 = 0.2534) with seed yield. As per the data on days to 50% flowering and days to physiological maturity GAUG-841, GAUG-4703-1 and RGC-936-1 can be grouped as short duration types (< 94 days) and other genotypes RGC-936, RGG-12-5, RGG-13-4, RGC-1003, RGG-12-3, RGC-986 and GA2G-0503 are grouped as long duration (> 100 days) types. The genotypes RGG-13-4 and RGG-12-3, which showed higher morpho-physiological traits also recorded high seed yield and its attributes, viz., number of clusters per plant and number of seeds per pod. Among the quality attributes total carbohydrates, seed protein and total free amino acids contents varied significantly and no single genotype showed superiority for all the three quality attributes. Gum viscosity and gum content of guar seed important in terms of economic value. Genotypes RGC-936, RGC-936-1, GA2G-0503, RGC-1003 and RGG-12-3 recorded superior gum viscosity (> 4000 milli pascals second-1) and GAUG-4703-1 and GA2G-0503 recorded higher gum content (> 30%), whereas RGG-13-4 and GAUG-841 are having poor gum content of less than 25 per cent. Gum viscosity recorded a weak negative correlation (R2 = -0.1144) with seed yield. Based on morpho-physiological traits, seed yield and its quality RGG-12-3 is superior in this southern climatic zone followed by RGC-936-1, GAUG-4703-1 and GA2G-0503. Though RGG-13-4 recorded higher seed yield, it possess poor quality in terms of guar content and its viscosity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ENHANCEMENT OF GERMINABILITY IN SUGARCANE PLANTING MATERIAL THROUGH CHEMICALS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) SREELATHA, P; UMAMAHESH, V
    The present investigation was aimed to enhancing sprouting and establishment of bud chips and three budded setts of sugarcane cultivar 2003T121 and 2003V46 variety through various chemical treatments. They were tested for enhancement of germination in different planting materials and to increase the morpho-physiological, growth attributes and various biochemical parameters. The present investigation was carried out at Perumallapalli, ARS, Tirupati, in green house. Experiment was conducted in split plot design with two varieties 2003V46 and 2003T121 were taken as main plot and seven treatments (control, water soaking, cow dung slurry, Ethrel, Calcium chloride, CEPA, CEPA+CaCl2) as subplots. These bud chip raised seedlings were transplanted into field. This experiment was laid out as Randomized Block Design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments were imposed on the selected two varieties before planting. The germination percentage was increased by different chemical treatments and plant growth regulators which induce the different biochemical parameters and increase the activity of enzymes which were essential for germination. Pre planting sett treatments with different chemicals and waters soaking 24 hrs increases the germination percentage and speed of germination by changing the different biochemical parameters. The study finally reveals that, the morphological parameters viz., shoot length, root length, leaf area, total dry matter, growth parameters (CGR, LAI), biochemical parameters viz., acid invertase, reducing sugars, protein content and non reducing sugars, brix percentage recorded high values in different chemical treatment compared to control . Among the various chemical treatments to improve the sprouting and establishment of bud chips and three budded setts. CaCl2+CEPA, followed by water soaking and calcium chloride showed highest survival percentage, speed of germination and reduce the spread of germination. Different morpho-physiological attributes viz., shoot length, root length, leaf area, number of leaves, number of tillers and total dry matter. Different biochemical parameters viz., acid invertase, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars and proteins were increased by the different chemical treatments. Calcium chloride and 2-Chloroethyl phosponic acid were increase the activity of acid invertase and ATPase. Acid invertase hydrolyze the sucrose in to hexoses that will increase the sprouting and different growth parameters. The present study reveals that, pre planting sett treatments with water soaking or combination of Calcium chloride and 2- chloro ethyl phosponic acid are superior in terms of improvement of survival percentage, seedling vigour index and all morphological characters. Initial growth of the crop established through three budded setts was found better compared to bud chip raised crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa.L) GENOTYPES FOR DRY DIRECT SOWING CONDITION
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) LORA ANUSHA, p; UMAMAHESH, v
    Laboratory and field experiments were conducted at Department of Crop Physiology, S.V. Agricultural College and A.R.S, Perumalapalli, Tirupati during kharif, 2015. Lab experiment was conducted in completely randomized design replicated five times with thirty six aerobic rice genotypes. The screening was conducted both in petri-plate (0, -5 and -10 bars) and paper roll method (0, -1 and -2 bars) at three different concentrations. A significant variation was observed among the genotypes for germination percentage, seedling vigour index and co-efficient of velocity of germination. With increased moisture stress in petri-plate method at -10 bar seedling vigour index was showed only by JGL-20171 (21.85), NLR-3042 (11.20), NLR-33671 (10.15), JGL-11727 (9.90), JGL-17004 (9.90) and MTU-7029 (2.04), NLR-40024 and NLR-4002. Similarly at -2 bar in paper towel method highest seedling vigour index was observed in JGL-11727 (630.80), DRRdhan 15 (171.40), NLR-33671 (98.10), RGL-2624 (86.70) and MTU7029 (83.40). Whereas the genotypes MTU-1075, MTU-1112, MTU-2716, MTU-4870, NLR-3217, NLR-33358 and DRR dhan-18 did not show any seedling vigour index at -2bar. From the results fourteen genotypes were selected based on their performance evaluated through germination xvii percentage, seedling vigour index and co-efficient of velocity of germination at different concentrations of PEG induced moisture stress. Biochemical characters like alpha amylase, starch content, reducing and non-reducing sugars content and total protein content were tested in the laboratory to find out the reasons for high vigor in certain of the genotypes. A significant variation with respect to alpha amylase content was observed among the genotypes. All the high vigour genotypes showed more alpha amylase content (1.13, 1.41 and 1.78 mg g-1) at all the stages of stress (control, -5 and -10 bars) compared to low vigorous genotypes (1.05, 1.30 and 1.68 mg g-1). A corresponding increase in breakdown of starch was observed with increased alpha amylase content in high vigorous genotypes. This was further suggested by the increase of reducing sugar content in high vigorous genotypes (1.92, 1.71 and 1.09 mg g-1) compared to low vigorous genotypes (1.25, 1.05 and 0.88 mg g-1) (MTU-1075 and MTU-1112). While studying the Protein polymorphism through SDS-PAGE, the expression of 48kda protein in high vigour genotypes was clearly observed and lower expression of the same was seen in check varieties (MTU-1075 and MTU-1112). This provides a clue to understand that alpha amylase could serve as a biochemical marker for screening of early vigour genotypes. Among the 120 primers tested for the selected ten rice genotypes, DNA polymorphism was observed with six primers (RM-3730, RM-3482, RM-240, RM-3732, RM-175 and RM-555). The dendrogram constructed from the results clearly showed three clusters in the ten genotypes where in the check varieties (low vigorous) fallen in one cluster supports some common genetic background obstructing their early vigour. The results obtained in the laboratory was tested in the field with ten genotypes. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. All the high vigorous genotypes (JGL-20171, NLR-3042, NLR-33671, JGL-11727, MTU-7029, NLR-40024, NLR-4002 and MTU- 1010) showed variability in the field condition in morpho-physiological and yield parameters compared to check varieties (MTU-1112 and MTU-1075).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IDENTIFICATION OF RAGI GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE, HIGH YIELD AND SEED QUALITY PARAMETERS UNDER KHARIF RAINFED CONDITIONS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) APARNA, K; RAJA RAJESWARI, V
    The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the relative performance of ragi genotypes for physiological efficiency, drought tolerance, yield and grain quality attributes using various morpho-physiological and drought tolerance traits. A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2015 at Agricultural Research station (Millets), ANGRAU, Tirupati. Field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design, replicated thrice with two main treatments i.e. adequately irrigated, rainfed and ten sub-treatments (genotypes). During the experiment a long dry spell for 20 days occurred i.e. from 47 DAS to 67 DAS, which has coincided with panicle initiation and flowering stages. Growth and physiological traits viz. plant height, dry matter accumulation in different plant parts, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD), WUE traits (SLA, SCMR) and other drought tolerance traits viz., chlorophyll stability index (CSI), relative water content (RWC) significantly reduced 1.7 per cent at 45 DAS and 0.3 per cent at 75 DAS under rainfed conditions compared to irrigated control. Similarly yield components viz., number of tillers plant-1, number of fingers plant-1, 1000 grain weight, straw yield, harvest index as well as grain yields were significantly reduced in rainfed treatment compared to control. However grain quality attributes viz., calcium, iron, protein and crude fiber contents did not vary significantly. xvi Among the genotypes, the three pre-release genotypes viz., BR-36, PPR-1012 and PPR-2773 recorded high physiological efficiency in terms of LAI, drymatter distribution, LAD and moderate SLA and high SCMR, CSI and RWC along with higher HI and yield under ranifed as well as irrigated conditions. It denotes their efficiency in performing under drought condition. PPR 2885, PPR-1044, PPR-1040, PR-10-30, Srichaitanya and Vakula recorded moderate drought tolerance with moderate yielding abilities. Hima (released variety) recorded low performance and it will not fit for cultivation in rainfed areas. Grain quality attributes viz., Protein percent, Calcium, Iron and crude fiber contents were not significantly varied between treatments and genotypes. The present study reveals that there is sufficient genotypic variability among ragi genotypes for growth, drought tolerance, yield and its attributes. Drought tolerance parameters viz., SCMR, chlorophyll stability index, relative water content, leaf proline content are reliable for screening ragi genotypes for drought tolerance. Leaf area duration is very useful physiological trait for identification of drought tolerant genotypes in ragi crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON NITROGEN FIXATION AND YIELD IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON NITROGEN FIXATION AND YIELD IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.), 2016) TANDAVA KRISHNA, M; NARASIMHA RAO, K.L.
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of growth regulators on nitrogen fixation and yield in groundnut” was undertaken at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif, 2015. The treatments comprised of pre soaking of seeds before sowing followed by foliar sprays of kinetin, IAA @ 10 ppm, HBL @ 3.0 μM at 30 DAS and control in RBD with three replications. In the treatment, pre soaking of seeds before sowing with HBL @ 3.0 μM followed by foliar spray of HBL @ 3.0 μM (T12) at 30 DAS was recorded higher plant height (19.90 cm), number of branches per plant (11.89), number of flowers per plant (16.76) and physiological parameters like stem dry matter (10.58 g plant-1), total dry matter accumulation (29.43 g plant-1), CGR (18.90 g m-2 day-1), RGR (0.103 g g-1 day-1) and NAR (3.16 g m-2 day-1). In the treatment, pre soaking of seeds before sowing with kinetin @ 10 ppm followed by foliar spray of kinetin @ 10 ppm (T4) at 30 DAS showed increasing values of biochemical parameters like nitrate reductase activity (5.67 μM NO2 - g-1 hr-1), leghaemoglobin content (1.93 mg g-1 fresh weight of nodules), leaf nitrogen content (3.48 %) and number and fresh weight of nodules (68.96 and 0.57 g) respectively. Biochemical parameters like oil content (48.90 %) and SPAD Chlorophyll Meter readings (58.2) were increased with pre soaking of seeds before sowing with kinetin @ 10 ppm followed by foliar spray of kinetin @ 10 ppm (T4) at 30 DAS. In the treatment, pre soaking of seeds before sowing with HBL @ 3.0 μM followed by foliar spray of HBL @ 3.0 μM (T12) at 30 DAS increased the yield and yield components like number of mature pods per plant, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, test weight, shelling percentage and harvest index, ultimately leading to high pod yield. The higher test weight recorded was 49.16 plant-1 and higher harvest index was 19.99 %. Pod yield was higher with HBL @ 3.0 μM (T12-3515 kg ha-1) at 30 DAS.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID ON POD SETTING AND YIELD OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) NAZIM PASHA, MAHAMMAD; NARASIMHA RAO, K.L.
    A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla in sandy soil during kharif, 2015 to study the physiological effect of salicylic acid on pod setting and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments. The treatments comprised of spray of salicylic acid @ 50, 100 and 150 ppm at three different stages viz., peak vegetative stage, flowering stage and peg formation stage in three replications. Among all the treatments, foliar spray of Salicylic acid @ 150 ppm at peak vegetative stage (T3) was found to be superior for morphological parameters like plant height (16.97 cm), number of branches (12.35), number of leaves(32.41) and leaf area (1211.63cm2). Number of flowers per plant, accumulation of dry matter in leaves, stem, root, pod and total dry matter were recorded very high in plants treated with Salicylic acid @ 150 ppm at flowering stage (T6) and which were found increased by 29.32, 26.41, 28.63, 26.12, 30.64 and 26.26 per cent, respectively, than control. The higher values of LAI and RGR was noticed with foliar spray of Salicylic acid @ 150 ppm at peak vegetative stage (T3) and was found 94 and 27 per cent higher than control, respectively. Physiological parameters like CGR (25.175g m-2 d-1) and NAR (0.708 mg cm-2 d-1) was higher with spray of salicylic acid @ 150 ppm (T9) and 50 ppm (T7) at peg formation stage respectively. Biochemical parameters like oil content of groundnut kernels were increased with foliar spray of Salicylic acid @ 150 ppm at peg formation stage was about 48.90 %. The SPAD Chlorophyll Meter reading was observed higher in the treatment of spray of Salicylic acid @ 150 ppm at peak vegetative stage (T3). This treatment (T3) increased chlorophyll content to an extent of 24.98 per cent when compared with control. Foliar application of Salicylic acid @ 150 at flowering stage (T6) resulted in higher number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, test weight, shelling percentage, harvest index and pod yield ha-1 and by 30.61, 30.49, 70.74, 37, 30.72, 3.42 and 28.20 per cent, respectively over control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF POST EMERGENCE HERBICIDES ON GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND YIELD OF BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) HARITHAVARDHINI, J; JAYALALITHA, K
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of post emergence herbicides on growth, physiological parameters and yield of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]” was undertaken at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif, 2015. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design with ten treatments replicated thrice. Post emergence herbicides viz., imazethapyr @ 50g and combined use of acifluorfen sodium 16% EC + clodinafop propargyl 8% EC (24%EC) @ 240 and 300g a.i ha-1 applied at 15 and 25 DAS caused injury to blackgram plants in terms of stunting and yellowing/discoloration of leaves during initial stages i.e. 5 days after herbicide application (DAHA), indicating a condition of oxidative stress in blackgram due to herbicide injury. However, blackgram plants recovered quickly by 10 DAHA by possessing highest SOD activity (antioxidant defense enzyme) in the first five days after application and the phytotoxicity symptoms were disappeared by 40 DAS and ultimately no deleterious effect on the mature plants was observed in all the treatments, except acifluorfen sodium + clodinafop propargyl @ 300g a.i ha-1 at 25 DAS (T8), which caused severe stunting, discoloration and wilting of leaves at 5 DAHA and the symptoms remain unchanged upto maturity that adversely affected growth attributes and yield of blackgram. Weed free treatment (i.e. hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS) and post emergence application of acifluorfen sodium 16% EC + clodinafop propargyl 8% EC (24%EC) @ 240 and 300g a.i ha-1 at 15 DAS recorded superior performance by increasing plant height, number of branches and leaf area over un weeded control and other treatments. These three treatments significantly reduced the weed population (i.e. both monocot and dicot weeds) and weed drymatter compared to un weeded control and other herbicidal treatments at 60 DAS and registered higher weed control efficiencies i.e. 83.0, 70.6 and 68.0 per cent, respectively. At harvest, total drymatter of blackgram plants was increased by 1.56, 1.54, 1.50 folds with weed free check and acifluorfen sodium + clodinafop propargyl @ 300 and 240g a.i ha-1 applied at 15 DAS, respectively, over weedy check. Photosynthetic pigments viz., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased in blackgram leaves during first 5 DAHA due to phytotoxicity of these herbicides. However, the blackgram plants recovered from the phytotoxicity of acifluorfen sodium + clodinafop propargyl and imazethapyr by 10 DAHA. Weed free check and acifluorfen sodium + clodinafop propargyl @ 300 and 240g a.i ha-1 applied at 15 DAS increased the total chlorophyll content by 34.3, 28.7 and 27.2 per cent, respectively and carotenoid content by 10.3, 9.4, 8.7 per cent, respectively, over weedy check at 40 DAS (i.e. 25 DAHA). Higher SOD activity was recorded during first five days after application with acifluorfen sodium + clodinafop propargyl @ 300 and 240g a.i ha-1 at 15 DAS, which helped in the mitigation of herbicide injury. Weed free check and post emergence application of acifluorfen sodium + clodinafop propargyl @ 300 and 240g a.i ha-1 at 15 DAS increased the yield attributes and seed yield of blackgram. These three treatments increased the seed yield by 77.6, 69.4 and 67.8 per cent, respectively, over unweeded control. Though, imazethapyr @ 50g ha-1 at 15 and 25 DAS recorded significant increase in yield (25.3 and 29.9 percent, respectively) over weedy check, but these two treatments were inferior over the combined use of acifluorfen sodium + clodinafop propargyl @ 240 and 300g a.i ha-1 at 15 DAS. The highest benefit cost ratio was recorded with acifluorfen sodium + clodinafop propargyl @ 240g a.i ha-1 (i.e. 1.59) and this was closely followed by acifluorfen sodium + clodinafop propargyl @ 300g a.i ha-1 (i.e. 1.56). From this study, it can be concluded that post emergence application of acifluorfen sodium 16% EC + clodinafop propargyl 8% EC (24% EC) @ 240g a.i ha-1 at 15 DAS is recommended for weed control in blackgram as it improved the growth, physiological parameters, photosynthetic pigments and yield of blackgram.
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    EFFECT OF DUST POLLUTION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BLACKGRAM (Phaseolus mungo L .)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) HAREESH BABU, B; NARASIMHA RAO, K.L.
    A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla in sandy clay loam soil during kharif, 2014-15 to study the effect of dust pollution on growth and yield of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments viz., control -no dust application (T1), stone crusher dust @ 50 g m-2 (T2), stone crusher dust @100 g m-2 (T3), stone crusher dust @ 150 g m-2 (T4), lime dust @ 50 g m-2 (T5), lime dust @ 100 g m-2 (T6), lime dust @ 150 g m-2 (T7), cement dust @ 50 g m-2 (T8), cement dust @ 100 g m-2 (T9) and cement dust @ 150 g m-2 (T10) in three replications. Among all the treatments, lesser plant height was recorded with cement dust @ 150 g m-2 (T10) which was 18.45 per cent less compared to control. The lesser number of branches and leaves per plant was also recorded with cement dust @ 150 g m-2 (T10 ) and which were found 33.72 and 31.10 per cent lower than control, respectively. Leaf area, accumulation of dry matter in leaves, stem and total dry matter were recorded very low in plants treated with cement dust @ 150 g m-2 (T10) and which were found decreased by 1.18, 1.25, 1.29 and 1.27 folds, respectively, than control. The lesser values of CGR and RGR was noticed during 60-75 DAS to harvest with cement dust @ 150 g m-2 (T10) and was found 2.76 and 1.18 folds lower than control, respectively. Significant increase in ascorbic acid content and nitrate reductase activity was observed with application of cement dust @ 150 g m-2 (T10) followed by cement dust @ 100 g m-2 (T9). More decrease in stomatal aperture size, transpiration rate and total chlorophyll content were observed in plants treated with cement dust @ 150 g m-2 (T10). Application of cement dust @ 150 g m-2 (T10) resulted in less number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod,100 seed weight, seed yield ha-1 and harvest index by 57.12, 33.33, 16.48, 76.09 and 68.42 per cent, respectively over control.