EFFECT OF Zn APPLICATION ON PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY, PARTITIONING AND GRAIN ZINC FORTIFICATION IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) CULTIVARS
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Date
2016
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Effect of Zn Application on Physiological Efficiency, Partitioning and Grain Zinc Fortification in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Cultivars” was conducted in two consecutive years during kharif 2013 and 2014 at RC puram farm, (International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana. The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD and replicated thrice with four genotypes (Improved Chittimuthyalu (V1), VRB-MS(V2), RP-Bio-226 (V3) and IR-64 (V4)) as main treatments, six zinc treatments viz., Control (T1), Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal (T2), Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage (T3), Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T4), Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T5) and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T6) as sub treatments.
Crop response to different treatments were measured in terms of various quantitative and qualitative indices viz., physiological, yield and its attributes and zinc partitioning among plant parts. Among the individual effects genotype VRB-MS (V2) recorded significantly higher values for physiological, yield and its attributes, zinc partitioning among plant parts and grains in content followed by RP-BIO-226 (V3), Improved Chittimuthyalu (V1) and IR-64 (V4) in both kharif 2013 and kharif 2014. However, grain quality parameters viz., hulling, milling, kernel length, kernel breadth, L/B ratio and grain chalk percent were higher in IR-64 (V4), while grain biochemical parameters like alkali spreading value, gel consistency, intermediate amylose and higher protein values were recorded in VRB-MS (V2) and RP-BIO-226 (V3). Among
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the zinc application treatments ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T5) recorded significantly higher growth, yield, quality and grain zinc content followed by only foliar spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at panicle initiation stage and grain filling stage .
The interaction effects revealed that the drymatter production and growth parameters which represent sink activity Viz., Crop Growth Rate (CGR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) and sink capacity viz., Leaf area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Duration (LAD), SCMR were significantly higher in VRB-MS (V2) genotype with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T5) followed by RP-BIO-226 (V3T5) in both kharif 2013 and kharif 2014.
Data on different growth parameters viz., plant height, number of productive tillers hill-1, panicle length revealed that VRB-MS (V2) genotype with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage (T5) recorded highest, plant height (cm), number of productive tillers hill-1, panicle length (cm) and lowest no. of days for 50% flowering and maturity.
Highest number of total grains panicle-1 and filled grain panicle-1 with lowest spikelet sterility were recorded with basal application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 followed by 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage in VRB-MS (V2T5) compared to all other interaction effects. Maximum grain yield, straw yield and harvest index were recorded in V2T5 treatment compared to all other interactions during both years of testing.
Among the interaction effects of grain physical characters, basal application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 followed by 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage in VRB-MS (V2 × T5) recorded higher hulling and milling values, while kernel length, kernel breadth, L/B ratio and grain chalk per cent values were higher with basal application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 followed by 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage on IR-64 (V4T5).
Highest zinc uptake and partition values in roots, stems, leaves, husk, brown rice and polished rice in both the years was recorded with basal application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 followed by 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at grain filling stage in VRB-MS (V2T5). The lowest values for zinc uptake and partition in roots, stems, leaves, husk, grain at harvest were recorded in control i.e., no zinc treatment during kharif 2013 and kharif 2014.
Based on results obtained from the present study, it is evident that the genotype VRB-MS and RP-BIO-226 were found effective for physiological efficiency, yield attributes, partitioning efficiency and grain biochemical characters, while IR-64 recorded better grain physical characters. Among the zinc treatments basal application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage and grain filling stage proved better in effective translocation, partitioning and fortification of zinc in grains followed by only foliar spray at panicle initiation stage and grain filling stage @ 0.2% ZnSO4. Highest Zn fortification in rice grain observed in VRB-MS genotype applied with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at panicle initiation stage as well as at grain filling stage.
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D5332
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