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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Crop Physiology × End date: 2014 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological effects of Boron and plant growth regulators on pod setting and seed yield of Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2014) MENAKA, P; ASHOKA RANI, Y
    A field experiment was carried out at the college farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla in clay loam soil during Rabi 2013-14 to study the Physiological effects of Boron and plant growth regulators on pod setting and seed yield of Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L.).The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments viz., 250 ppm Ethrel at 25 DAS (T1),10 ppm Kinetin at 35 DAS (T2), 0.25% Boron at 45 DAS (T3), 250 ppm Ethrel at 25 DAS + 10 ppm Kinetin at 35 DAS (T4 ),10 ppm Kinetin at 35 DAS + 0.25% Boron at 45 DAS (T5), 250 ppm Ethrel at 25 DAS + 0.25% Boron at 45 DAS (T6 ), 250 ppm Ethrel at 25 DAS + 10 ppm Kinetin at 35 DAS + 0.25% Boron at 45 DAS (T7 ) and Control (T8) in three replications. Among all the treatments, 10 ppm Kinetin at 35 DAS + 0.25% Boron at 45 DAS (T5) was found superior to control resulting in an increase of 19.8 per cent in plant height. The highest number of branches per plant was obtained with 10 ppm Kinetin spray at 35 DAS (T2), which was found 67.3 per cent higher than control. The number of flowers per plant was found high with Ethrel, Kinetin and Ethrel + Kinetin sprays, which resulted in an increase of 16.3, 12.0 and 11.9 per cent respectively compared to control. Flower drop and flower abortion were recorded low in plants treated with 250 ppm Ethrel. The plants sprayed with 10 ppm Kinetin at 35 DAS (T2) increased the accumulation of dry matter in root, stem and leaves by 64.7, 54.4 and 58.9 per cent respectively compared to control whereas the spray of 0.25% Boron at 45 DAS (T3) accumulated 40.0 per cent higher amount of pod dry matter, and 62.4 per cent higher total biomass than control. The highest value of CGR (14.0 g m-2 d-1) was noticed during 60 DAS - maturity with foliar spray of 0.25% Boron at 45 DAS (T3). Maximum RGR was observed during 30-45 DAS with foliar application of 10 ppm Kinetin by 22.8 per cent compared to control. At 45 DAS Ethrel, Kinetin and Ethrel + Kinetin sprays maintained high RWC in leaves. The treatments T1, T2 and T4 resulted in 16.5, 13.1 and 12.2 per cent increase in RWC compared to control. At 60 DAS, the spray of Boron alone and in combination of Ethrel and Ethrel + Kinetin maintained 26.0 to 28.9 per cent higher RWC in leaves than control. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll were found higher than control due to spray of Kinetin alone followed by Ethrel + Kinetin and Ethrel spray alone. Nitrate reductase activity was influenced mainly by Kinetin spray. Increase in Fe, Zn and starch content in seed was observed with spray of 0.25% Boron at 45 DAS. The Protein content in seeds was observed 17 per cent higher than control by Ethrel + Kinetin + Boron spray. The spray of Boron resulted in an increase of 24.7 and 12.6 per cent in number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight respectively over control. Spray of 250 ppm Ethrel at 25DAS + 0.25% Boron at 45 DAS resulted in an increase of 26.5 per cent in pod yield ha-1 and 25.6 per cent in seed yield ha-1 compared to control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM, BORON AND ZINC ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2014) GOWTHAMI, P; RAMA RAO, G
    A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla during kharif 2013-14 to study the effect of foliar application of potassium, boron and zinc on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill).The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments imposed at 30 and 60 DAS viz., potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent (T1), boric acid @ 50 ppm (T2), zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent (T3), potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + boric acid @ 50 ppm (T4), potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent (T5), boric acid @ 50 ppm + zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent (T6), potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + boric acid @ 50 ppm + zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent (T7) and Control (T8) in three replications. The findings of the experiment revealed that the growth parameters such as plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and total drymatter measured at different intervals were greatly influenced by potassium, boron and zinc treatments. Spray of potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + boric acid @ 50 ppm + zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent at 30 and 60 DAS (T7) was found to be superior, resulting in an increase of 28.5 per cent in plant height, 29.16 per cent of number of leaves and 30.13 per cent in number of branches. It was followed by potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + boric acid @ 50 ppm at 30 and 60 DAS (T4) which produce an increase of 14.92 per cent in plant height, 27.02 per cent in number of branches and 20.84 per cent in number of leaves over control. The spray of potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + boric acid @ 50 ppm + zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent at 30 and 60 DAS (T7) enhanced the leaf area by 37.14 per cent over control, followed by potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + boric acid @ 50 ppm (T4) at 30 and 60 DAS (32.61 % higher over control). Growth parameters i.e., CGR, RGR, NAR, LAI, SLA, SLW, LAD and LAR were also greatly influenced by the foliar sprays and better performance was obtained with potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + boric acid @ 50 ppm + zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent at 30 and 60 DAS (T7). Biochemical parameters like total chlorophyll, protein and oil contents were increased with foliar spray compared to control and higher values were obtained in the treatment potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + boric acid @ 50 ppm + zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent at 30 and 60 DAS (T7) followed by potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + boric acid @ 50 ppm at 30 and 60 DAS (T4), boric acid @ 50 ppm + zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent at 30 and 60 DAS (T6) and potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent at 30 and 60 DAS (T5). The spray of potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + boric acid @ 50 ppm + zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent (T7) at 30 and 60 DAS increased the test weight by 28.82 per cent and seed yield by 28.59 per cent over control, and all other treatments increased seed yield to an extent of 5.15 to 20.91 per cent over control. From the findings of the experiment it was concluded that the foliar application of potassium nitrate @ 2 per cent + boric acid @ 50 ppm + zinc sulphate @ 1 per cent at 30 and 60 DAS showed a better performance in improving the growth and productivity of soybean.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE VARIATION IN MINERAL COMPOSITION OF BLACKGRAM [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] CULTIVARS FOR TOLERANCE TO YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2014) VIJAYA SANTHI, R; ASHOKA RANI, Y
    A field experiment was carried out at the College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla on vertisol soil during rabi 2012-13 to study the variation in the mineral nutrient composition of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] cultivars. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design with six cultivars as treatments viz., PU-31 and LBG-752 (Resistant), LBG-20 (Moderately Resistant), LBG-709 (Tolerant), LBG-645 and LBG-623 (Susceptible) in four replications. Observations were recorded on per cent incidence of YMV, morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters whitefly adult number and mineral nutrient composition before and after the incidence of YMV. Data on the yield and yield components were recorded at harvest. Yellow mosaic virus infection was noticed at 22 DAS in LBG-645 and LBG-623, at 30 DAS in LBG-709, LBG-752 and LBG-20 and at 45 DAS in PU-31. At 30 DAS, the maximum disease incidence was observed in LBG-623 (16.3%) followed by LBG-645 (8.6%) and LBG-709 (4.7%) and least in LBG-20 (2.0 %) and LBG-752 (1.6 %). At 45 DAS, the maximum disease severity was observed in susceptible cultivars (100%) followed by tolerant LBG-709 (88.8 %), resistant LBG-752 (25.5 %), moderately resistant LBG-20 (20.7) and least in resistant PU-31 (7.2%). At 60 DAS the disease severity was 10 per cent in PU-31 and 100 per cent in other cultivars. YMV infection resulted in reduction in plant height when compared with the varietal characters. The reduction in plant height was more in susceptible cultivars (10.5% in LBG-645 and 23% in LBG-623) than the other cultivars when compared with the varietal characters. In all cultivars, there was a gradual increase in the number of branches with advancement in age of the crop. Earliness in branching was observed in PU-31, but the total number of branches were more in LBG-645 and LBG-709 and less in LBG-623 than the other cultivars. When the maximum leaf area attained by the six cultivars was compared, the moderately resistant LBG-20 possessed more leaf area (26.2&98.9 %) than the susceptible cultivars (LBG-645 and LBG-623). The leaf area in PU-31 was lower than the susceptible as well as other resistant and tolerant cultivars was due to its short stature as well as short duration. The resistant and tolerant cultivars accumulated more dry matter than the susceptible cultivars. Dry matter accumulation in PU-31 was 2.4 to 4.1 folds higher than susceptible and 1.4 to 1.5 folds higher than moderately resistant and tolerant cultivars. PU-31 retained higher CGR till maturity compared to other cultivars. The maximum CGR exhibited by PU-31 was 3.6 to 4.0 per cent higher than susceptible cultivars and 1.8 to 2.8 times higher than the other resistant and tolerant cultivars. PU-31 had significantly the highest RGR during 30-45 (104 mg g-1 d-1) and 45-60 DAS (63.3 mg g-1 d-1) compared to susceptible and other cultivars. During 30-45 DAS, RGR of PU-31 was 20.5 and 37.0 per cent higher than LBG-623 and LBG-645 respectively. During 45-60 DAS, RGR in PU-31 was 1.8 to 1.9 times higher than the susceptible cultivars and 1.3 to 1.6 times higher than the other resistant and tolerant cultivars. With advancement in age NAR increased gradually in PU-31, while in all other cultivars it decreased. The NAR in PU-31 was 1.2, 1.7 to 2.0 and 4.0 to 4.7 times higher than susceptible cultivars during 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 DAS respectively. PU-31 possessed higher (2.3 to 3.0 and 1.5 to 2.6 times) number of pods plant-1, pod weight (2.6 to 3.8 and 1.4 to 2.1 times) and seed yield ha-1 (14.7 to 17.3 and 2.2 to 3.7 times) than the susceptible and other resistant and tolerant cultivars respectively. In PU-31, pod length was 1.1 times and test weight was 1.1, 1.3 and 2.0 times higher than LBG-709, LBG-20 and LBG-645 respectively. Number of seeds pod-1 in PU-31 was 3.0, 19.5 and 57.9 per cent higher than LBG-752, LBG-709 and LBG-645 respectively and 5.8 per cent lower than LBG-20. PU-31 recorded the highest (41.1%) harvest index. Resistant and tolerant cultivars had 1.1 to 1.5 and 1.2 to 3.0 times higher chl a and chl b; 0.7 to 42.6 and 12.2 to 74.0 per cent higher carotenoids and total chlorophyll respectively than susceptible cultivars. The chl b in PU-31 was 1.5 to 3.0 and 1.2 to 1.4 times higher than susceptible and other resistant and tolerant cultivars respectively. PU-31 had higher content of carotenoid (19.7 to 42.6 % and 0.7 t0 11.6 %) and total chlorophyll (51.4 to 74.0 % and 12.2 to 38.1 %) than susceptible and other resistant, tolerant cultivars respectively. Before YMV infection LBG-623 had the highest (43.9 mg g-1) and LBG-645 the lowest (30.2 mg g-1) content of total free amino acids. After the incidence of YMV (at 60 DAS) it was higher in resistant and tolerant cultivars (98.8 mg g -1 in PU-31, 86.2 mg g -1 LBG-20 and 90.3 mg g -1 LBG-709) except LBG-752 (72.7 mg g-1) than susceptible cultivars (77.2 mg g -1 in LBG-645 and 82.2 mg g -1 in LBG-623). LBG-752, LBG-623 and LBG-645 possessed higher (376.4, 363.7 and 326.1 mg g-1 respectively) content of total soluble protein than PU-31 (173.1 mg g -1) before YMV infection. This indicates that more protein content did not resist YMV infection. The more protein content in LBG-752 and less in PU-31 indicated no relationship of protein quantity of leaves with resistance to virus infection. Protein content increased after the incidence of YMV in all cultivars upto 45 DAS and then decreased due to disease severity and advancement in age. Before the incidence of YMV total sugar content in PU-31(18.8 mg g-1) was on par with LBG-645 (17.9 mg g-1) and higher than LBG-623 (16.8 mg g-1). Later the sugar content in PU-31 highly varied with age. Whereas in other resistant, tolerant cultivars infected by YMV increase in total sugar content was observed. The differences in epicuticular wax content of leaves among the cultivars were nonsignificant. However, LBG-20 and PU-31 had higher (5.9 and 3.1 times respectively) leaf epicuticular wax content than LBG-645. In LBG-623 it was 1.5 to 2.8 times lower than PU-31 and LBG-20 respectively. The whitefly adult number per leaf in LBG-623 and LBG-645 was 1.2 to 2.4 and 1.0 to 1.8 times higher than other cultivars. Compared to LBG-623, the seed of PU-31 had lower P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn; higher K, Cu, B, N and Zn content in both the cultivars was on par. Compared to LBG-645 it had higher K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B and lower N, P, Ca, Mg, S. The ratios of N/P, K/N and K/Ca were higher and Ca/K was lower in PU-31 than susceptible cultivars. At 15 DAS compared to susceptible cultivars, in PU-31 the concentration of Ca, S, Fe and Zn was high and of N, P, K, Mg, Mn and B was low. The resistant and tolerant cultivars have lower N content and higher P content than susceptible cultivar LBG-645. The ratios of K/N, Ca/K and K/Mg were higher and N/P, N/K, K/Ca were lower in PU-31 than susceptible cultivars. At 30 DAS compared to healthy leaves of LBG-645, PU-31 had higher B content and lower content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Mn & Zn. Compared to healthy leaves of LBG-623, PU-31 had higher N, K, Ca, S, Fe, Cu, Zn and B; lower P, Mn and Mg content was on par. Compared to diseased leaves of LBG-645 healthy leaves of PU-31 had lower N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and B content and higher Ca, S and Zn. Compared to diseased leaves of LBG-623, PU-31 had lower N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and B and higher Ca, S and Fe. The ratios of Ca/K was higher and K/Ca was lower in PU-31 than healthy and diseased leaves of LBG-645 and LBG-623. At an age of 45 DAS compared to LBG-645, PU-31 had lower content P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn and B; higher Cu and Zn and on par N. Compared to LBG-623, it had higher N, lower P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and B and on par S and Mn. The ratios of N/K, Ca/K and N/P were higher K/N, K/Ca, K/Mg were lower in PU-31 than susceptible cultivars. At an age of 60 DAS compared to LBG-645, in PU-31 the concentration of N, P, K, S, Cu was low and of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B was high and Zn was on par. Compared to LBG-623, in PU-31 the concentration of N, Ca, Mg was high and of P, K, S, Cu, Zn, B was low and of Fe, Mn was on par. Compared to LBG-645, the resistant and tolerant cultivars had higher Ca and B and lower N content. The ratios of N/P, N/K, Ca/K were higher and K/N, K/Ca and K/Mg were lower in PU-31 than susceptible cultivars.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF NANO SCALE CaO ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN GROUND NUT (Arachis hypogeae L.)
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) DEEPA, M; BALAKRISHNA REDDY, K
    The present study was taken up to investigate effect of nano scale CaO on physiological, biochemical attributes and yield components in groundnut in comparison with gypsum and bulk calcium sources. For the purpose nano scale CaO was obtained from Nanotechnology lab, Institute of frontier technology, RARS, Tirupati and its size (30nm) and colloidal properties in terms of zeta potential (-28.2mv) were confirmed. A lab study was conducted to record its effect on seed germination, seedling vigor. Groundnut (Variety Narayani) seeds were soaked for three hours in different concentration of nano CaO and bulk CaO and CaN3.Significant differences were observed for all the parameters viz., germination percentage, root length, shoot length and seedling vigor index between the treatments. All the nano scale CaO concentrations recorded significantly higher values compared to control and bulk CaO. Among the different nano scale CaO concentrations, 500ppm recorded maximum germination percentage (97.33%) and seedling vigor index (933.15) compared to control, CaNO3 and bulk CaO. Confirmation of nano CaO transport through phloem tissue was done by using solution culture technique. The results revealed that nano CaO @ 500 and 1000ppm treated plants rejuvenated their root growth. Similarly the data on calcium content in roots, stems and leaves of treated plants with nano CaO @ 500 recorded higher calcium accumulation compared to untreated deficient plants and other calcium treatments which evidenced the entry and mobility of nano calcium into leaves and stems. Two field experiments were conducted during rabi (2012-2013) and kharif (2013) at Dryland Farm, S.V.Agricultural College, Tirupati. The experiments were laid down in Randomised block Design, replicated thrice with nine treatments and one variety (Narayani). The groundnut differed in response to treatments (gypsum soil application and foliar application of nano and bulk calcium) in terms of physiological, biochemical and yield characters. Among the nano scale CaO concentrations sprayed, 500ppm recorded highest plant height, leaf area and total dry matter compared to control, gypsum and bulk calcium sources during both the seasons. In both the seasons, 1000 and 500ppm of nano scale CaO recorded superior growth and physiological traits in terms of LAI, LAD, CGR and NAR compared to control, gypsum and bulk calcium sources. These results further establish advantage of spraying nano CaO @ 500ppm for sustained chlorophyll activity till harvest in terms of higher LAI, LAD and total chlorophyll. 500ppm of nano scale CaO treatment also recorded highest biochemical activity with lowest relative membrane injury compared to control, gypsum and bulk calcium sources. Lowest relative injury percent thus maintained less cell membrane damage. This is an useful traits in terms of moisture and temperature stress tolerance. Highest SOD and catalase activity is useful in quenching of superoxide and H2O2 free radicals generated at stress conditions. Highest yield and yield components were recorded by nano CaO @ 500ppm that indicates the enhanced effect of calcium in reduced nano form (69.9nm) compared to control, gypsum, CaNO3 and bulk CaO. Partitioning of calcium content in different plant parts specially kernels revealed that higher calcium content was recorded by nano CaO 500, 100ppm and gypsum compared to control and bulk calcium sources during both the seasons. The field study also that indicates the mobility of nano calcium from leaves to kernels through phloem tissue. Results of this study established that nano based calcium oxide showed mobility in phloem when it was sprayed on leaves and triggered several positive physiological effects in groundnut plants specially at 500ppm foliar spray imposed at 35DAS. Foliar spraying of nano CaO (69.9nm) @ 500ppm can be recommended in groundnut instead of soil application of gypsum specially under rainfed conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF WATER LOGGING ON CERTAIN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARCTERS OF PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp)
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) YOHAN, Y; UMAMAHESH, V
    Laboratory and pot culture experiments were conducted at P.G Laboratory, Department of Crop Physiology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati and at RARS, Tirupati during Kharif, 2013-2014. The laboratory experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized design with 17 red gram genotypes. There were five treatments with four replications. Three genotypes were selected based on their performance evaluated through germination percentage, vigor index and electrical conductivity .Germination percentage and vigor index of LRG-30 was 76.25% and 60.81 respectively. Besides LRG-30, Maruti and Asha were the other genotypes used to evaluate the sensitive stage of redgram crop to waterlogging through a pot culture experiment. Experimental layout for pot culture was in split plot design. Three main stress imposing stages viz., 40 DAS, 80 DAS and 120 DAS were taken as main plots and three genotypes (LRG 30 (Palanadu), ICPL 8863 (Maruti) and ICPL 87119 (Asha)) were taken as sub plots. All the morphological and physiological characters used for evaluation of Pigeonpea genotypes under waterlogged conditions viz., plant height, number of primary branches, leaf area, total dry matter, leaf dry matter, root dry matter, SLA, SLW, CGR, LAI varied significantly among waterlogging treatments and genotypes at all stages of crop growth. Biochemical characters viz., SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (chlorophyll content), total sugars, reducing sugars and super oxide dismutase enzyme content varied significantly at all the stages of stress imposition viz., 40DAS, 80DAS, 120DAS. Anatomical character in terms of aerenchyma formation was also varied among the genotypes as a response to hypoxia. The average percentage decrease over before imposing stress three genotypes at three different crop growth stages with respect to leaf area, root dry weight and LAI was 66.73, 42.12 and 66.13, where as the same values for chlorophyll content, total sugars, reducing sugars and superoxide dismutase content were record 38.07, 28.47, 48.66 and 36.40. The results showed that the number of pods per plant seems to be the major yield component affected seed yield under stress. Among the crop growth stages pod development stage was the most sensitive stage as for as final yield is concerned. Among the genotypes LRG-30 proved superior in majority of physiological and biochemical characters compared to Asha and Maruti. Higher seed yield was also observed in LRG 30 (27.51 g plant-1) followed by Asha (26.70 g plant-1) and Maruti (13.57 g plant-1). Water logging at 40DAS affected plant height and crop growth rate. When stress was imposed at 80DAS number of primary branches, leaf area, SLA, LAI and SLW were affected. A greater decrease in leaf area, total dry matter, leaf dry weight and root dry weight was observed when stress was imposed at 120 DAS. The present study forms a physiological basis to understand the sensitive stage of redgram to waterlogging stress.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GROWTH, DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND YIELD OF GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES (PRE RELEASE AND RELEASE) FOR EARLY KHARIF SITUATION
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) RESHMA, A; LATHA, P
    A field experiment entitled “Studies on growth, drought tolerance and yield of groundnut genotypes (Pre release and release) for early kharif situation” was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati in a Randomized Block Design with 16 groundnut genotypes (14 pre-release and 2 released) during early kharif, 2013. All the sixteen genotypes were tested under field conditions with an objective to study the growth and yield attributes influenced under early kharif situation, in order to identify source genotypes with characters that confer Water Use Efficiency and thermotolerance and there by an increased yield in groundnut. Investigation was carried out to evaluate 16 groundnut genotypes for their morphological, water use efficiency and thermotolerance characters in different phenophases of crop growth. The morphological characters viz., plant height, dry matter production , leaf area and the growth attributes like crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI), and leaf area duration (LAD) were recorded. xvi The present investigation revealed sufficient genotypic variability among the pre release and released genotypes for morphological traits, physiological traits in terms of water use efficiency and thermotolerance. This indicates that these traits can be used to evaluate groundnut genotypes for respective characters. Based on plant height, the pre-release genotypes can be grouped in to tall statured (TCGS-1323, TCGS-1360, TCGS-1350), moderate statured (TCGS-1342, TCGS-1343, TCGS-1346, TCGS-1375, TCGS-1374) and short statured (TCGS-1157, TCGS-1157A, TCGS-1330, TCGS-1073). Among the advanced breeding lines, TCGS-1342, TCGS-1375, TCGS1330, TCGS-1346 recorded high physiological efficiency in terms of growth and physiological traits viz., total dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD). Among the two surrogate methods used for evaluating WUE of the groundnut genotypes, SCMR showed positive correlation with pod yield. A moderate SLA and high SCMR were recorded in the genotypes TCGS1330, TCGS-1375, TCGS-1157 A, TCGS-1157 and were found to be high WUE types. Cultivars TCGS-1350, TCGS-1173, TCGS-1375 and TCGS1349 showed higher heat stress tolerance. The genotypes varied significantly in yield and yield components. TCGS-1330 recorded significantly higher pod yield and high shelling percentage with high harvest index .TCGS-1375 and TCGS-1342, recorded significantly higher pod yields and high shelling percentage with moderate harvest index. TCGS-1346, TCGS-1349 recorded significantly higher pod yields and moderate shelling percentage with high harvest index. However genotypes TCGS-1157, TCGS-1157A recorded significantly high harvest index with moderate yields. In the present investigation it is observed that genotypes TCGS-1330, TCGS-1375 recorded high physiological efficiency in terms of growth and physiological traits, possessing high WUE, high yield and are suitable for early kharif situation. TCGS-1375 possess high WUE, high thermotolerance and high yield and hence can be promoted among farming community. The other genotypes possessing drought tolerance traits with low yields can be exploited as donor sources to develop drought tolerant groundnut genotypes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF RICE GENOTYPES FOR GROWTH, DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND YIELD UNDER AEROBIC METHOD OF CULTIVATION
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) KAVITHA, K; RAJA RAJESWARI, V
    A field experiment entitled “Evaluation of rice genotypes for growth, drought tolerance and yield under aerobic method of cultivation” was conducted during kharif, 2013 at wet land farm, on sandy clay loam soils of Tirupati campus (Southern Agro-climatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh) Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University. The study was laid out in randomized block design, replicated thrice with thirteen rice genotypes viz., MAS-946-1, MAS-26, MTU-1001, MTU-1006, NLR-3010, NLR-3168, NLR-3183, NLR-3217, NLR-33671, NLR-34242, NLR-34449, NLR-40024 and NLR-40059 to identify rice genotypes for drought tolerance with higher growth and physiological efficiency under aerobic method of cultivation. The morphological characters viz., plant height, dry matter production, leaf area and the growth rates viz., crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD) were recorded. Among the genotypes NLR 40059 found significantly superior over all other genotypes and followed by MTU 1001 and NLR 3183. CGR had significant and positive correlation with NAR. Similarly LAD had positive correlation with yield. The drought tolerance traits viz., specific leaf area (SLA), SPAD chlorophyll meter readings (SCMR), per cent relative membrane injury were found to be significantly high in NLR 40059 under aerobic condition. SLA recorded negative correlation with SCMR. Root parameters viz., root length , root spread, root dry weight were high in the variety NLR 40059 .Yield and yield components viz., number of productive tillers, panicle length, spikelet fertility, test weight, grain yield were found to be higher in NLR 40059 followed by MTU 1001. Maximum starch content and intermediate amylose content were found in NLR 40059. The genotypes NLR 40059 and MTU 1001 performed well under aerobic condition by expressing its supremacy with reference to growth parameters, root traits, drought tolerance traits, yield components and grain quality. The identified genotypes viz., NLR 40059 and MTU 1001 can be either recommended for aerobic cultivation based on their geographical adaptability or used as donor source in breeding programmes for developing specific varieties suitable for aerobic cultivation. NLR 3183 genotype expressed superior growth attributes drought tolerance except grain quality, so it can be used as donor source in breeding programmes to introgress drought tolerance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SCREENING OF GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES FOR THERMOTOLERANCE WITH HIGH WUE TRAITS (Arachis hypogaeaL.)
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) BHARANI KRUTHI, M; RAJA RAJESWARI, V
    The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the relative performance of groundnut genotypes for high temperature tolerance using TIR technique and drought tolerance with good yielding abilities using reliable, morphological, physiological, Water Use Efficiency, heat tolerant traits and yield and its components. A set of diverse groundnut germplasm comprising of 72 genotypes were screened for intrinsic tolerance using the standardized Thermo Induced Response (TIR) protocol. Among 72 groundnut genotypes, 9 genotypes ((K9,K-1609, K-1628, K-1660, K-1717, K-1719,K-1789, K-1801, TCGS1043)) showed highest thermo tolerance (heat tolerane) in terms of higher seedling survival without reduction in root and shoot growth. Two genotypes K-1609 and K-1719 recorded no reduction in root and shoot growth, but seedling survival was reduced drastically. The present study revealed that the TIR technique can be very well used in groundnut crop. The selected nine genotypes with high thermotolerance were further tested under field conditions for high WUE and other drought tolerance traits in terms of high physiological efficiency, biochemical traits and yield attributes. The field experiment was conducted during late rabi, 2013-14 at Wet Land Farm, College of Agriculture, Tirupati. Field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design, replicated thrice with two main treatments i.e. adequately irrigated, imposed stress from 50-80 DAS (pod initiation stage to maturation stage) and ten sub treatments (genotypes). Growth and physiological traits viz. plant height, crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) and WUE traits (SLA, SCMR) and thermotolerance traits (CSI,RI), biochemical traits significantly reduced under moisture stress conditions compared to irrigated control .Similarly Yield components 100 kernal weight, shelling percentage, pod yield and as well as pod yield and harvest index were significantly reduced due to moisture stress compared to control. The present study reveals that K-1719,K-1717 and K-1609, genotypes are superior in terms of heat tolerance, physiological efficiency, drought tolerance, yield and yield components.K-1789 possess heat tolerance with poor WUE and yield attributes, whereas, K-1660,TCGS1043 showed moderate heat tolerance and thermotolerance traits. Other genotypes K-1789 and K-1801 showed moderate performance in all attributes. The genotypes K-1719, K-1609, and K-1717are suitable for irrigated as well as rainfed conditions. K-1719, K-1609, and K-1717 possess intrinsic thermotolerance which can be explored as donar source in breeding programmes aimed for global warming.