STUDIES ON GROWTH, DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND YIELD OF GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES (PRE RELEASE AND RELEASE) FOR EARLY KHARIF SITUATION
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Date
2014
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ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Studies on growth, drought tolerance and yield of groundnut genotypes (Pre release and release) for early kharif situation” was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati in a Randomized Block Design with 16 groundnut genotypes (14 pre-release and 2 released) during early kharif, 2013. All the sixteen genotypes were tested under field conditions with an objective to study the growth and yield attributes influenced under early kharif situation, in order to identify source genotypes with characters that confer Water Use Efficiency and thermotolerance and there by an increased yield in groundnut. Investigation was carried out to evaluate 16 groundnut genotypes for their morphological, water use efficiency and thermotolerance characters in different phenophases of crop growth. The morphological characters viz., plant height, dry matter production , leaf area and the growth attributes like crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI), and leaf area duration (LAD) were recorded.
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The present investigation revealed sufficient genotypic variability among the pre release and released genotypes for morphological traits, physiological traits in terms of water use efficiency and thermotolerance. This indicates that these traits can be used to evaluate groundnut genotypes for respective characters. Based on plant height, the pre-release genotypes can be grouped in to tall statured (TCGS-1323, TCGS-1360, TCGS-1350), moderate statured (TCGS-1342, TCGS-1343, TCGS-1346, TCGS-1375, TCGS-1374) and short statured (TCGS-1157, TCGS-1157A, TCGS-1330, TCGS-1073).
Among the advanced breeding lines, TCGS-1342, TCGS-1375, TCGS1330, TCGS-1346 recorded high physiological efficiency in terms of growth and physiological traits viz., total dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD).
Among the two surrogate methods used for evaluating WUE of the groundnut genotypes, SCMR showed positive correlation with pod yield. A moderate SLA and high SCMR were recorded in the genotypes TCGS1330, TCGS-1375, TCGS-1157 A, TCGS-1157 and were found to be high WUE types. Cultivars TCGS-1350, TCGS-1173, TCGS-1375 and TCGS1349 showed higher heat stress tolerance.
The genotypes varied significantly in yield and yield components. TCGS-1330 recorded significantly higher pod yield and high shelling percentage with high harvest index .TCGS-1375 and TCGS-1342, recorded significantly higher pod yields and high shelling percentage with moderate harvest index. TCGS-1346, TCGS-1349 recorded significantly higher pod yields and moderate shelling percentage with high harvest index. However genotypes TCGS-1157, TCGS-1157A recorded significantly high harvest index with moderate yields.
In the present investigation it is observed that genotypes TCGS-1330, TCGS-1375 recorded high physiological efficiency in terms of growth and physiological traits, possessing high WUE, high yield and are suitable for early kharif situation. TCGS-1375 possess high WUE, high thermotolerance and high yield and hence can be promoted among farming community. The other genotypes possessing drought tolerance traits with low yields can be exploited as donor sources to develop drought tolerant groundnut genotypes.
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Keywords
groundnuts, genotypes, irrigation, yields, planting, biological development, drying, crops, area, leaf area, GROWTH, DROUGHT, TOLERANCE, YIELD, GROUNDNUT, GENOTYPES, KHARIF, SITUATION
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169p.