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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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2015 - 201654
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Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of sowing dates and plant densities on productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) SIVA KUMAR, B; Dr. M. SRINIVASA REDDY
    A field experiment entitled “Influence of sowing dates and plant densities on productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.) was conducted during kharif, 2014 on sandy loam soils of College farm, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of three sowing dates viz., D1 (June 28), D2 (July 14) and D3 (July 29) and three plant densities viz., S1: 30 cm X 10 cm (3.33 lakh plants ha-1), S2: 45 cm X 10 cm (2.22 lakh plants ha-1) and S3: 60 cm X 10 cm (1.66 lakh plants ha- 1). The popular variety JS-335 was used in the experiment. The salient findings of the investigation are summarized below. The soil of the experiment was sandy loam and it was slightly alkaline in reaction with a pH of 7.98, EC of 0.06 dSm-1. The soil was low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorous and high in available potassium. The results revealed that sowing dates, spacing and their interaction significantly influenced the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of soybean. XV Among the three different sowing dates studied, sowing of soybean early on June 28 showed better performance in plant height, leaf area index (LAI), drymatter production and more number of days to maturity than other sowing dates. The yield attributes (number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 and test weight) and yield (seed yield and haulm yield) were also higher with the June 28 sowing date compared to other sowing dates up to July 29. All these yield attributes of soybean decreased considerably due to delay in the sowing time beyond June 28. Soybean sown at closer spacing of 30 x 10 cm recorded taller plants, more drymatter production and leaf area index (LAI). Wider spacing of 60 cm x 10 cm took more number of days to mature than other spacings (30 cm x 10 cm and 45 cm x 10 cm). Yield components viz., number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 and test weight were higher with wider row spacing. However higher total number of pods per m-2 were recorded at closer row spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm with June 28 sowing due to more number of plants accommodated in closer spacing. Hence, the highest seed yield and haulm yield were recorded with the June 28 sowing date at 30 cm x 10 cm row spacing. From the present investigation, it can be inferred that soybean can be grown successfully if sown early from June 28 to July 14 with a row spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm during kharif season under Nandyal conditions. However a few more years of field testing is necessary before making it as a recommendation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Nutrient management in semi-dry rice for North-Coastal A.P
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) ANUSHA, K; Dr. A.V. RAMANA
    A field experiment entitled “Nutrient management in semi-dry rice for North- Coastal A.P” was conducted on sandy loam soils of Agricultural College Farm, Naira during kharif, 2015. The treatments consisted of four levels of NPK viz., 120-75-60 kg NPK ha-1 (L1), 160-90-75 kg NPK ha-1 (L2), 120-75-60 kg NPK ha-1 with dhaincha as brown manuring (L3) and 160-90-75 kg NPK ha-1 with dhaincha as brown manuring (L4) which were assigned to main plots and four time of application of nitrogen viz., four equal splits at 15, 45, 60 and 75 DAS (S1), 10% of N at 15 DAS, 20% at 45 DAS, 30% at 60 DAS and 40% at 75 DAS (S2), five equal splits at 15, 45, 60, 75 and at 90 DAS (S3) and 10% of N at 15 DAS, 20% at 45 DAS, 25% at 60 DAS, 25% at 75 DAS, 20% at 90 DAS (S4) assigned to sub plots. The design adopted was split-plot with three replications. The tallest plants, maximum number of total tillers m-2 and dry matter accumulation were observed at all intervals of sampling with the application of the highest dose of NPK with dhaincha as brown manuring (L4). While, the lowest values for all these parameters were recorded with L1. Scheduling of N in four equal splits (S1) registered significantly higher values for all the growth parameters, while they were significantly lower with S4, except in case of plant height at 30 and 90 DAS where, S2 registered the shortest plants. The interaction effect was found significant in case of total tillers m-2 only at 90 DAS. Significantly higher values for total tillers m-2 were registered with L4 at S1, which was however, comparable with L3 at S1. While, the total number of tillers m-2 was minimum with L3 at S4, which was however, comparable with L1 and L2 at S4 and L3 at S2. Significantly more number of days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were noticed with the application of the lowest level of NPK (L1), while application of the highest dose of NPK with dhaincha as brown manuring (L4) took significantly lesser number of days. Scheduling of nitrogen in five splits 10% of N dose at 15 DAS, 20% at 45 DAS, 25% at 60 DAS, 25% at 75 DAS, 20% at 90 DAS (S4) took more number of days to 50% flowering and days to maturity, while a declining trend was observed with S1 (Four equal splits at 15, 45, 60 and 75 DAS) and S3 (Five equal splits at 15, 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAS), which were however, found on par with each other. Larger yield structure, comprising of productive tillers m-2, panicle length, number of filled grains panicle-1 and test weight and significantly higher grain (5599 kg ha-1) as well as straw (6788 kg ha-1) yield were associated with the highest level of NPK with dhaincha as brown manuring (L4), while they were the lowest with the lowest level of NPK (L1) tried. Application of nitrogen in four equal splits (S1) produced significantly superior yield parameters, grain and straw yields. While the lowest values were associated with S4 except in case of test weight, which was minimum with S2. The interaction effect was found absent for all the yield parameters, except number of productive tillers m-2. Significantly superior values for number of productive tillers m-2 and grain as well as straw yield were associated with L4 at S1, while they were found to be significantly lower with L3 at S4 except grain yield, which was minimum with L1 at S4. Harvest index was not markedly altered either due to graded levels of NPK or due to different times of application of nitrogen, while the interaction effect was also not statistically measurable. Significantly higher uptake of N, P and K at flowering and maturity (by grain and straw) were associated with application of L4 except in case of N uptake by straw where, L3 resulted the highest uptake, while the uptake of these three major nutrients was minimum with the lowest level of NPK tried (L1). As regards the time of application of N, maximum uptake of N, P and K at flowering and maturity were observed when N was scheduled in four equal splits (S1), while the lowest uptake of N, P and K were found with S4. The N, P and K uptake by grain was found to be significantly higher with L4 when N supplied in four equal splits (S1), while it was minimum with L1 at S4. Significantly higher NHI was associated with L4, which was however, comparable with L3, while the NHI was the lowest with L1. Varied times of application of nitrogen as well as the interaction effect between graded levels of NPK and N scheduling treatments did not alter the NHI significantly. Maximum gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio were obtained with application of the highest dose of NPK with dhaincha as brown manuring (L4), while it was minimum with the lowest level of NPK (L1) tried. As regards the time of N application, significantly higher gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio were noticed with the application of N in four equal splits (S1), while it was minimum with S4. With regard to interaction effect between graded levels of NPK and time of application of N, maximum gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio were observed with the highest dose of NPK with dhaincha as brown manuring (L4) and when N was supplied in four equal splits (S1). While, these parameters (gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio) were significantly lower with L1 at S4. Significantly higher amount of post-harvest soil N status was observed with application of the highest level of NPK with dhaincha as brown manuring (L4) while, it was minimum with L1 (120-75-60 kg NPK ha-1) which was however, found statistical parity with L2 (160-90-75 kg NPK ha-1) and L3 (120-75-60 kg NPK ha-1 with dhaincha as brown manuring). Varied levels of NPK as well as different time of application of N did not alter post harvest soil P and K status to a statistically detectable magnitude From the present investigation, it can be concluded that application of 160-90-75 kg NPK ha-1 with dhaincha as brown manuring (L4) and scheduling nitrogen in four equal splits at 15, 45, 60 and 75 DAS (S1) was the best nutrient management package for semi-dry rice grown in North Coastal A.P as it resulted in significantly higher grain yield as well as economic returns.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RESPONSE OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) TO SECONDARY AND MICRONUTRIENTS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) RAJITHA, G; Dr. M.SRINIVASA REDDY
    A field experiment entitled “RESPONSE OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) TO SECONDARY AND MICRONUTRIENTS” was conducted during rabi, 2015 at Agricultural College Farm, Mahanandi. Soil texture of the experimental site was sandy loam and it was neutral in reaction with a pH of 7.38, EC of 0.18 dS m-1, medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen and available phosphorus and high in potassium. Exchangeable calcium, magnesium and available sulphur were sufficient in availability, whereas micronutrients availability (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo) was more than critical limits. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and replicated thrice with K6 variety. The ten treatments consisted of T1 : Control, T2 : RDF: 20-40-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1, T3 : RDF + foliar application of one per cent CaNO3, T4 : RDF+ foliar application of one per cent MgNO3, T5 : RDF + foliar application of one per cent sulphur, T6 : RDF + foliar application of one per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and sulphur, T7 : RDF + foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.2 per cent, T8 : RDF + foliar application of one per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and sulphur + ZnSO4 @ 0.2 per cent, T9 : RDF + foliar application of micronutrient mixture @ 0.2 per cent and T10 : RDF + foliar application of one per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and sulphur + micronutrient mixture @ 0.2 per cent.The salient findings of the investigation are as follows. The plant population was not differed significantly with foliar spray of secondary and micronutrients. Among all the treatments, RDF + foliar application of one per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and sulphur + micronutrient mixture @ 0.2 per cent (T10) recorded the highest growth parameters, yield attributes and yield followed by RDF + foliar application of one per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and xv sulphur + ZnSO4 @ 0.2 per cent (T8) treatment. All the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were found to be at their lowest with control (T1). Foliar application of secondary and micronutrients was advantageous over conventional method of nutrient application i.e. RDF (T2). Among the secondary nutrients, RDF + foliar application of one per cent CaNO3 (T3) recorded highest plant height and leaf area index, while RDF + foliar application of one per cent sulphur (T5) recorded highest dry matter production at all stages of crop growth, yield attributes and yield. Harvest index was found highest with RDF+ foliar application of one per cent MgNO3 (T4). RDF + foliar application of micronutrient mixture @ 0.2 per cent (T9) and RDF + foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.2 per cent (T7) treatments recorded almost similar results with respect to growth parameters, yield attributes and yield. At all the stages of observation, the highest uptake of all major (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo) was registered with RDF + foliar application of one per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and sulphur + micronutrient mixture @ 0.2 per cent (T10) due to the increased dry matter production. Lowest uptake of all the nutrients was recorded with control (T1). With regard to secondary nutrients, RDF + foliar application of one per cent sulphur (T5) recorded the highest uptake of all major (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo) during the crop growth period followed by RDF + foliar application of one per cent CaNO3 (T3) and RDF+ foliar application of one per cent MgNO3 (T4). RDF + foliar application of micronutrient mixture @ 0.2 per cent (T9) recorded higher uptake of all major (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo) during the crop growth period followed by RDF + foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.2 per cent (T7) treatment. Post harvest soil fertility status was not significantly influenced by the secondary and micronutrients foliar spray. Of course available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and exchangeable calcium were statistically significant but all the treatments were closely following each other. Exchangeable magnesium and available micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo) post harvest fertility status was not differed significantly. Among all the treatments RDF + foliar application of one per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and sulphur + micronutrient mixture @ 0.2 per cent (T10) recorded the highest gross and net returns as well as benefit-cost ratio. While, in case of individual secondary nutrient application, RDF + foliar application of one per cent sulphur (T5), RDF+ foliar application of one per cent MgNO3 (T4) and with respect to micronutrients, RDF + foliar application of micronutrient mixture @ 0.2 per cent (T9) and RDF + foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.2 per cent (T7) treatments realized the highest gross and net returns and also benefit-cost ratio. The present investigation suggests that among the secondary nutrients foliar spray, response of groundnut to sulphur and magnesium was more compared to calcium. With regard to micronutrients zinc has exerted main significant effect on growth and yield parameters compared to other micronutrients. Combined foliar application of secondary and micronutrients along with RDF was evolved as best combination for increased productivity and monetary returns of groundnut.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RESPONSE OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) TO HIGHER LEVELS OF NUTRITION (N, P, K AND Zn)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) SATHISH BABU, K; Dr. P. V. RAMESH BABU
    A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soils at Agricultural College Farm, Mahanandi to study the “Response of maize to higher levels of nutrition (N, P, K and Zn)” during rabi 2015-16 under irrigated condition. The treatments consisted of three higher levels of nutrients and six treatments of higher levels of nutrients in combination of Zinc viz., T1: Control, T2: 250-60-60 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1 T3: 300-80-80 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1, T4: 350-100-100 kg N-P2O5- K2O ha-1, T5: T2 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 DAS, T6: T3 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 DAS, T7: T4 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 DAS, T8: T2 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 DAS and 25 DAS, T9: T3 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 DAS and 25 DAS, T10:T4 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS arranged in a randomized block design and were replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in pH, low in organic carbon (0.46), medium in available nitrogen (298 kg ha-1) high in available phosphorus (48.12 kg ha-1), available potassium (687.6 kg ha-1) and sufficient in zinc (1.32 ppm). Data collected on growth parameters viz., plant height, drymatter accumulation, day to 50 per cent tasseling and silking, yield attributes, grain xiii yield, stover yield, harvest index and nutrient uptake of maize were subjected to statistical analysis. The taller plants, higher dry matter accumulation at different growth stages viz., 30 ,60, 90 DAS and at harvest of the crop were produced with treatment T10 (T4 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS) which in turn was at par with T9 (T3 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS), T8 (T2 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS), T7 (T4 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 DAS), T6 (T3 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 DAS), T4 (350-100-100 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) and significantly lowest plant height and drymatter accumulation was associated with the T1 (Control). Number of days taken to 50 per cent tasseling and silking was affected significantly by different higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and foliar application of Zn. However the crop which applied with the treatment T10 (T4 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS) took less number of days to reach 50 per cent tasseling (50.00 days) and 50 per cent silking (53.00 days) where as delayed tasseling (60.00 days) and silking (63.00 days) noticed with T1 (Control). The rest of treatments tried in experimentation were comparable with each other. Yield attributes like number of cobs per plant and number of grain rows per cob were not significantly influenced by different higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and foliar application of Zn. However, yield attributes like cob length, number of grains per row, grain weight per cob and test weight significantly influenced by higher levels of nutrition and higher yield attributes obtained with the application of T10 (T4 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS) and lowest with control (T1). Where as in case of test weight lowest values were recorded with T1 (Control) and T2 (250-60- 60 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1). The remaining treatments were at par with each other. Grain yield, stover yield and maximum harvest index of maize were increased significantly due to increased levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and foliar application of Zn. Maximum grain yield (8734 kg ha-1) and stover yield (11275 kg ha-1) were recorded with T10 (T4 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS) and it was at par with the all the remaining treatments except with T1 (Control), how ever the maximum harvest index (43.85) was recorded with the application of T7 (T4 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 DAS) .whereas the crop supplied with T2 (250-60-60 kg NP2O5- K2O ha-1) resulted in lower harvest index. The nutrient uptake of maize at various stages viz,. 30, 60 90 DAS and at harvest was significantly and progressively influenced by higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and foliar application of Zn. The highest N, P, K and Zn uptake was obtained with T10 (T4 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS) at all growth stages of crop. However, the phosphorus uptake at 60 and 90 DAS was higher with the T9 (T3 + Foliar xiv application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS and T8 (T2 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS), respectively. The lowest nutrient uptake recorded with T1 (Control) and remaining treatments were at par with each other. Higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and foliar application of Zn have exerted significant influence on the post harvest soil nutrient status of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Maximum available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (349.33, 89.91 and 823.95 kg ha-1, respectively) in soil was observed with T10 (T4 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS) and significantly lowest nutrient uptake was with the T1 (Control) and remaining treatments were comparable with each other. Gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio was significantly affected by higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and foliar application of Zn. However, the higher gross returns and net returns (` 113537.67 ha-1 and ` 74114.67 ha-1, respectively) was recorded with the treatment T10 (T4 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS), where as higher B: C ratio (1.99) recorded with T8 (T2 + Foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS). From, the above investigation, it is clearly indicated that the higher level of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and foliar application of Zn had a significant influence in increasing productivity and profitability of maize. The higher yield of maize was with application of 350:100:100 kg NPK ha-1 alongwith foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS (T10). However, the economic yield was obtained with application of 250:60:60 kg NPK ha-1 alongwith foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS (T8). It is therefore concluded that the better yields can be acheieved in maize with application of 250:60:60 kg NPK ha-1 alongwith foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO4 at 15 and 25 DAS (T8).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RESPONSE OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) TO SECONDARY AND MICRONUTRIENTS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) RAMANJINEYULU, M; Dr. M. SRINIVASA REDDY
    A field experiment entitled “RESPONSE OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) TO SECONDARY AND MICRONUTRIENTS” was carried out during kharif, 2015-16 on sandy loam soils of Agricultural College Farm, Mahanandi of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with nine treatments and replicated thrice. The nine treatments in the experiment are as follows viz., T1 : (Control), T2 : (RDF: 250- 60-60 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1), T3 : (RDF + Foliar application of 1 per cent CaNO3), T4 : (RDF + Foliar application of 1 per cent MgNO3), T5 : (RDF + Foliar application of 1 per cent Sulphur), T6 : (RDF + Foliar application of 1 per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and Sulphur), T7 : (RDF + Foliar application of 0.1 per cent ZnSO4), T8 : (RDF + Foliar application of 1 per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and Sulphur + 0.1 per cent ZnSO4) and T9 : (RDF + Foliar application of 0.2 per cent Micronutrient mixture). Pioneer hybrid P3369 was tested in the experiment. Recommended dose of nutrients was applied uniformly to all the treatments except control. The salient findings of the investigation are summarized below. The soil was sandy loam and it was slightly alkaline in reaction with a pH of 7.58, EC of 0.08 dSm-1. The soil was low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorous and high in available potassium. The foliar application of one per cent sulphur with RDF (T5) recorded the tallest plants and maximum LAI. The highest dry matter production of xvi maize at harvest was found with foliar application of micronutrient mixture with RDF (T9), while the lowest was found to be with control (T1). Maize fertilized with foliar application of 1 per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and sulphur + 0.1 per cent ZnSO4 with RDF (T8) recorded the minimum number of days to 50 percent tasseling and silking, while in control there was a delay in tasseling and silking. The yield attributes viz., cob length, number of rows per cob, number of grains per row were registered highest with the foliar application of 0.1 per cent ZnSO4 with RDF (T7). Highest hundred grain weight was found with foliar application of 1 per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and sulphur + 0.1 per cent ZnSO4 with RDF (T8). Lowest values of these parameters were obtained with control (T1). Foliar application of 0.1 per cent ZnSO4 with RDF (T7) recorded the highest cob yield. The treatment with foliar application of 0.2 per cent micronutrient mixture with RDF (T9) produced the highest grain and stover yields. In control (T1) treatment recorded lowest grain and stover yields. The highest uptake of major nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo) at early stages of crop was registered with foliar application of 1 per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and sulphur + 0.1 per cent ZnSO4 with RDF (T8). At later stages, the foliar application of 0.2 per cent micronutrient mixture with RDF (T9) showed highest uptake of nutrients. However, control (T1) recorded lowest nutrient uptake at all stages of crop. The synergism was observed between the nutrients but the effect was negligible due to increased dry matter production and yields by micronutrient application. Maximum available nitrogen in soil was observed with the treatment by foliar application of 1 per cent CaNO3 (T3), where as foliar application of 1 per cent MgNO3 (T4) found highest available phosphorus in soil. Similarly, the foliar application of 1 per cent each of CaNO3, MgNO3 and sulphur recorded the highest available potassium, while that of control (T1) lead to poor post harvest nutrient status in the soil. There was no statistical difference within the treatments regarding the post harvest availablity of secondary and micronutrients. Significantly higher values of gross returns, net returns and benefit cost ratio were obtained with the foliar application of 0.2 per cent micronutrient mixture with RDF (T9) and they were at their lowest with the control (T1). From the above experimentation, it might be concluded that maize with 0.2% foliar application of micronutrient mixture with RDF (T9) resulted in the maximum grain yield, monetary returns and nutrient uptake.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF WHITE SORGHUM UNDER HIGH INPUT MANAGEMENT IN VERTISOLS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2016) SWAMI CHAITANYA, T; Dr. P. MUNIRATHNAM
    A field experiment was conducted during post rainy season (maghi) of2015- 16 at RARS, Nandyal of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University tostudy the “Assessment of production potential of white sorghum under high input management in vertisols”. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications and treatment combinations of three irrigation levels and four nitrogen levels making twelve treatments (three irrigation levels viz., no irrigation (rainfed), one irrigation and two irrigations were tested against four nitrogen levels viz., 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg N ha-1. Recommended dose of phosphorus (40 kg ha-1) and potassium (30 kg ha-1) was applied uniformly to all the treatments. The salient findings of the investigation are summarized below. The soil of experimental site was clay in texture and it was moderately alkaline in reaction with a pH of 8.6; EC of 0.15 dSm-1, low in organic carbon (0.57%), low in available nitrogen (146.2 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (33.2 kg P2O5 ha-1) and high in available potassium (395.9 K2O kg ha-1). The growth parameters like plant height, number of green leaves per plant and dry matter production were higher with two irrigations and lower values obtained with no irrigation. Application of 180 kg N ha-1 produced taller plants and shorter plants were produced with 90 kg N ha-1. Number of green leaves per plant and dry matter production were higher with application of 180 kg N ha-1and with 90 kg N ha-1resulted in lower values of these parameters. xvi Days to 50 per cent flowering was maximum with no irrigation while the minimum number of days to 50 per cent flowering was observed with two irrigations which was comparable with one irrigation. As regards the nitrogen levels, number of days taken to 50 per cent flowering, application of 180 kg N ha-1 resulted in early flowering followed by 150 kg N ha-1. Whereas delayed flowering was observed with 90 kg N ha-1 which was comparable with 120 kg N ha-1. The yield components viz.,number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle, grain and stover yields were significantly higher with two irrigations which were comparable with one irrigation, while significantly lower values for all these components were recorded with no irrigation.1000 grain weight did not differ significantly with irrigation levels. Significantly higher number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain and stover yields were higher with 180 kg N ha-1and comparable with 150kg N ha-1. Lower values of these components were recorded with 90 kg N ha-1. With regard to interaction significantly higher grain yield was produced with two irrigations at 180 kg N ha-1 but it was on par with two irrigations at 150 kg N ha-1 while lower grain yield was produced with no irrigation at 90 kg N ha-1 which was on par with no irrigation at 120 kg N ha-1. Higher stover yield was produced with two irrigations at 180 kg N ha-1 but was on par with two irrigations at 150 and 120 kg N ha-1 and lower stover yield was produced with no irrigation at 90 kg N ha-1 which was on par with no irrigation at 120, 150 and 180 and also comparable with one irrigation at 90 and 120 kg N ha-1. Harvest index was higher with one irrigation compared to no irrigation and two irrigations. Significantly higher harvest index was obtained with 150 kg N ha- 1 than 120 and 90 kg N ha-1.With regard to interaction, two irrigations recorded higher harvest index at 150 kg N ha-1 which was on par with two irrigations at 180 kg N ha-1and one irrigation at 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg N ha-1while the lower values were recorded with no irrigation at 90 and 120 kg N ha-1 which were on par with each other. With regard to post harvest soil available nutrients, no irrigation recorded significantly higher post harvest soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to two irrigations while lower values were recorded by two irrigations. Among different levels of nitrogen, higher values of soil nutrients were recorded with 90 kg N ha-1 except nitrogen which increased with increased nitrogen levels. Lower phosphorus and potassium were recorded with 180 kg Nha-1, whereas lower available nitrogen was recorded with 90 kg N ha-1. Maximum nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in grain and stover was recorded with two irrigations, while minimum values were obtained with no irrigation.With regard to nitrogen levels, increased nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in grain and stover was observed with 180 kg Nha-1 which was significantly superior over 90 kg Nha-1. xvii Gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio of sorghum were influenced by irrigation levels and nitrogen levels. Net returns and B:C ratio were maximum with one irrigation, while gross returns were higher with two irrigations and minimum values of gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio were observed with no irrigation. Higher gross returns and net returns were produced with the application of 180 kg N ha-1 compared to lower levels but the net returns were comparable with 150 kg N ha- 1. Higher B:C ratio was produced with 150 kg N ha-1 which was comparablewith180 kg N ha-1. Among irrigation levels, one irrigation was better compared to other levels. As regards nitrogen levels, higher economic returns were obtained with 150 kg N ha- 1. Hence, white sorghum can be grown successfully in vertisols with one irrigation at 150 kg N ha-1for getting higher yields and returns.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PLANTING PATTERNS ON MAIZE (Zea mays L.) PRODUCTIVIT
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) NITHIN KRISHNA, M; SRINIVASA REDDY, M
    A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2014-15 on sandy loam soils of College Farm, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh to study the “Effect of nitrogen and planting patterns on maize (Zea mays L.) productivity”. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of three nitrogen levels viz., N1 (200 kg N ha-1), N2 (250 kg N ha-1) and N3 (300 kg N ha1) and six planting patterns, viz., P1: Equidistant row planting at 75 cm in flat beds, P2: Equidistant row planting at 75 cm on ridges, P3: Equidistant row planting at 75 cm in flat bed with formation of ridges at 20 DAS, P4: Paired row planting in flat beds at 45 cm and between paired rows with 105 cm gap, P5: Paired row planting on ridges at 45 cm and between paired rows with 105 cm gap, P6: Paired row planting in flat beds at 45 cm and between paired rows with 105 cm gap and with formation of ridges at 20 DAS. Pioneer hybrid P3396 was tested in the experiment. Recommended dose of phosphorus (60 kg ha-1) and potassium (40 kg ha-1) was applied uniformly to all the treatments. The salient findings of the investigation are summarized below. The soil was sandy loam and it was slightly alkaline in reaction with a pH xiii of 7.98, EC of 0.06 dSm-1. The soil was low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorous and high in available potassium. Taller plants were produced by 300 kg N ha-1 which was statistically superior over 200 and 250 kg N ha-1. Progressive increase in LAI and dry matter production (kg ha-1) was observed due to increased nitrogen levels from 200 to 300 kg ha-1. Taller plants were produced by equidistant row planting at 75 cm on ridges (P2). Maximum LAI was obtained with equidistant row planting at 75 cm on ridges (P2) which was at par with paired row planting at 45 cm on ridges and between paired row with 105 cm gap (P5) and highest dry matter production (kg ha-1) was produced with equidistant row planting at 75 cm on ridges (P2) which was at par with rest of the treatments except flatbed treatments (P1 and P4). Number of rows per cob, shelling percentage and harvest index were not significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. Yield attributes like cob length, number of rows per cob, number of grains per row, shelling percentage and harvest index were not significantly affected by planting patterns. Progressive increase in yield attributes like cob length (15.8 cm), cob girth (14.6 cm), number of grains per row (27.3) and 100-grain weight (32.67 g) was observed due to increased nitrogen levels from 200 to 300 kg ha-1. Cob girth (14.8 cm), 100-grain weight (32.99 g) was highest with equidistant row planting at 75 cm on ridges (P2). Application of 300 kg N ha-1 produced higher cob, grain and stover yields and also higher net returns than other levels (200 and 250 kg N ha-1). Cob yield, grain yield and stover yield were highest with equidistant row planting at 75 cm on ridges (P2) which was at par with rest of the treatments except flatbed planting methods (P1 and P4). From the above investigation, it can be concluded that sowing of hybrid maize with ridge planting either in equidistant rows or paired rows was more beneficial than flatbed methods for getting higher grain yield. Similarly the yield of maize was higher with 300 kg N over lower dose of application of N.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RESPONSE OF RABI GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) TO DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITIES IN SCARCE RAINFALL ZONE OF A.P.
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) BHARGAVI, H; SRINIVASA REDDY, M
    A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2012-13 on sandy loam soils of College Farm, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh to study the “Response of rabi groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to different plant densities in scarce rainfall zone of A.P”. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of three varieties viz., V1: K 6, V2: TAG 24 and V3: Narayani and four plant densities viz., D1: 30 cm x 10 cm (33.3 plants m-2), D2: 22.5 cm x 10cm (44.4 plants m-2), D3: 30 cm x 5 cm (66.6 plants m-2) and D4: 22.5 cm x 5 cm (88.8 plants m-2). The results indicated that among the three different groundnut varieties evaluated, the growth characters viz., plant height was significantly highest with Narayani (52.91 cm) compared to K 6 and TAG 24. Dry matter production was significantly higher with TAG 24 (753.33 g m-2) compared to Narayani and K 6 which were at par with each other. But these varieties didn’t show any significant influence on LAI except at 60 DAS of crop growth stage. 39 Similarly, the yield components like number of pods per plant and shelling percentage were significantly higher with TAG 24 (15.50 and 73.67 respectively) over other two varieties (Narayani and K 6). However no. of kernels per pod and 100 kernel weight were not significantly responded by varieties. Maximum pod yield (2732.08 kg ha-1) and harvest index (38.18) were recorded with TAG 24 which was at par with other two varieties (Narayani and K 6). Maximum haulm yield was recorded with Narayani (4833.33 kg ha-1) and it was on par with rest of the two varieties (TAG 24 and K 6). With regards to the effect of plant densities, significantly maximum leaf area index and dry matter production recorded were with a plant density of 22.5 cm x 5 cm (44.4 plants m-2) (3.77 and 1028.48 respectively). Plant height was not significantly influenced by plant density. The yield components viz., no. of pods per plant and shelling percentage were significantly higher with 22.5 x 10 cm (44.4 plants m-2) (13.88 and 73.27 respectively) compared to other treatments. But no. of kernels per pod and 100 kernel weight were not significantly influenced by different plant densities. Maximum pod yield (3043.77 kg ha-1) and harvest index (41.74) were obtained with 22.5 x 10 cm (44.4 plants m-2) and it was significantly higher over other plant densities. However significantly maximum haulm yield (4988.88 kg ha1) was obtained with 30 x 5 cm (66.6 plants m-2). Maximum gross returns and net returns were obtained with TAG 24 at a plant density of 22.5 x 10 cm (44.4 plants m-2) over the rest of other treatments. Next to TAG 24 higher returns were noticed with Narayani and K 6 at a plant density of 22.5 x 5 cm (88.8 plants m-2). B: C ratio also followed similar trend as that of net returns and highest B: C ratio was recorded by TAG 24 variety at a plant density of 22.5 x 10 cm (44.4 plants m-2). The results also revealed that the interaction between varieties and plant densities doesn’t have any significant influence on the above parameters. The results suggest that for obtaining maximum pod yields and economic returns, cultivation of the variety TAG 24 with a plant density of 22.5 x 10 cm (44.4 plants m-2) which is equal to the seed rate of 170 kg ha-1 would be advisable under irrigated conditions of scarce rainfall zone of A.P.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RESPONSE OF AEROBIC RICE ZERO TILLAGE MAIZE CROPPING SYSTEM TO SUB SURFACE DRIP FERTIGATION
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) PRASADA RAO, V; VENKATESWARLU, BALINENI
    A field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years (2012-13 and 2013-14) on a sandy loam soil of Jain Hi-Tech Agri Institute, Jalgaon, Maharashtra with an objective to study the response of aerobic rice-zero tillage maize cropping system to sub surface drip ferigation. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four replications. Four irrigation schedules were taken as main plots and four nitrogen levels in sub plots in drip system for both rice and maize crops. Irrigation schedules for rice included I1: Sub surface drip irrigation (SDI) at 100% pan evaporation (Epan), I2: SDI at 125% Epan, I3: SDI at 150% Epan and I4: at 175% Epan with four nitrogen levels viz., N1: 90; N2: 120; N3:150; and N4:180 kg ha-1 through fertigation. For the subsequent maize crop irrigation treatments included I1: SDI at 75% Epan, I2: SDI at 100% Epan, I3: SDI at 125% Epan and I4: SDI at 150% Epan with four nitrogen levels i.e., N1:120; N2: 160; N3:200 and N4:240 kg ha-1 through fertigation. Outside the layout of the main experiment, two checks and one check were tested in rice and maize crops, respectively. The checks for rice crop included, check 1: Aerobic rice non-irrigated with 120 kg N ha-1, check 2: Aerobic rice with supplemental irrigation at IW/CPE ratio of 1.5 with 120 kg N ha-1 In maize crop, the check tested was surface irrigation at IW/CPE ratio of 1.2 with 160 kg N ha-1. The cultivars used for the study were ‘25P25’ (Pioneer Hybrid) and ‘Dekalb’ (Private hybrid) and maize (DKC-8101) crops, respectively. Growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, nitrogen uptake, water productivity, nitrogen use efficiency and economics of aerobic rice and zero tillage maize were influenced by irrigation schedules and nitrogen levels through fertigation. Plant height and tillers m -2 and drymatter production of aerobic rice were significantly higher in 175% Epan schedule compared to that of 100% Epan but comparable with that of 150% Epan. The number of panicles m-2 and filled spikelets panicle-1 increased from 100% Epan to 175% Epan while sterility of spikelets was higher with 100% Epan schedule. Higher grain and straw yield, nitrogen uptake, and economics were recorded with 175% Epan over the other three schedules. Irrespective of the irrigation schedules, growth parameters (plant height, tillers m-2 and drymatter accumulation), yield attributes (panicles m-2 and filled spikelets panicle-1) increased with level of N application from 90 to 180 kg N ha-1. The number of days taken to flowering was significantly lower with 180 kg N ha-1 while, sterility of spikelets was higher at 90 kg N ha-1compared to other doses. Grain yield, straw yield, nitrogen uptake and economic parameters were higher at 180 kg N ha-1. In general, growth parameters (plant height, drymatter accumulation) yield attributes (cobs plant-1, kernels cob-1, kernel weight cob-1) kernel yield, stover yield and nitrogen uptake of zero till maize increased with increase in irrigation schedule from 75% Epan to 150% Epan irrigation schedule in drip irrigation. Tasseling and silking was hastened in 150% Epan schedule compared to 75% Epan. Increase in the level of N application from 120 to 240 kg N ha-1 resulted in the increase of all the growth parameters, yield attributes, kernel yield, stover yield and nitrogen uptake. The economic indicators (gross returns, net returns and returns per rupee of investment) were higher with the irrigation schedule of 150% Epan and nitrogen dose of 240 kg N ha-1 applied through fertigation. Productivity of cropping system in terms of rice equivalent yield was the highest with the irrigation schedule of 175% Epan and 150% Epan and with the application of 180 and 240 kg N ha-1 to rice and maize crops respectively grown in the sequence. Water requirement increased with the increase in water input while, its productivity reduced correspondingly in both rice and maize crops and the cropping system as a whole. However, nitrogen use efficiency enhanced with the increase in water input and reduced with increase in the N level. The investigations conducted for two consecutive years, clearly indicated the benefit of fertigation at 175% Epan with 180 kg N ha-1 to rice and 100% Epan with 240 kg N ha-1 to maize crops in increasing the productivity and profitability of aerobic rice - zero tillage maize cropping system.