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Agriculture University, Kota

The Agriculture University, Kota (AUK) was established on 14th September, 2013 after bifurcation of the Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology (MPUAT), Udaipur and Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University (SKRAU), Bikaner through promulgation of Act No. 22 of 2013. The University has been created for the agricultural development in South-East and Eastern Rajasthan which is having diversified agriculture situations from rainfed to canal irrigated agriculture. The Agriculture University has its Headquarter at Borkhera Farm, Kota & is located on Kota-Baran National highway-76. Kota district is situated in the South-Eastern part of Rajasthan and comes under Humid South-Eastern Plain Zone (agro climatic zone V). It lies between 23045’ and 26038’ North latitude and 75037’ and 77026’ East longitude. The jurisdiction of AUK is spread over in 6 districts namely Kota, Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Karauli and Sawai Madhopur. It accounts for 9.98 % geographical area, 12.67 % total human population, 9.4 % live stock population, 31.59 % forest area and 20.6 % net sown area of the state. Development and education of modern practices in the field of Agriculture, Horticulture & Forestry for sustainable livelihood of the rural masses is the main thrust of the service area of AUK.

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF BIO-FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF JACK FRUIT (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) cv. SINGAPORE JACK
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2021-10-25) NEELKANT; Singh, Jitendra
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF ZINC AND VERMICOMPOST ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) CV. SARDAR
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2021-12-31) YADAV, ANJU; Bhatnagar, Prerak
    The present investigations entitled “Effect of Zinc and Vermicompost on growth and development of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Sardar” was carried out at the Fruit Research Farm, Department of Fruit Science, college of horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar during October 2020 to March 2021. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of sixteen treatment combinations having three levels each of Zinc (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%) and Vermicompost (4.5, 6 and 7.5kg/plant). From the experiment it appeared that among the different treatment combinations of Zinc and Vermicompost, the highest dose of T16 treatment ( ZnSO4 @ 0.6% + Vermicompost @ 7.5kg/plant) was found significantly superior over other treatments with respect to growth parameters such as maximum per cent increase in plant height(24.80%), E-W plant spread(23.94 %), north-south plant spread(24.32%), number of shoots per plant(53.10%), leaf length(85.94%), leaf width(53.94%), canopy volume(52.50%), rootstock girth(28.80%), scion girth(23.00%), number of nodes per plant (65.97%) and carboxylation parameters such as photosynthetic rate(6.58 μmolCO2m-2s-1), photosynthetic active radiation(1003.33mmolm-2 s-1), stomatal conductance(50.66 mmolm-2s-1), relative humidity of leaves (6.46%), leaf temperature (22.01˚C) and minimum vapour pressure deficit (21.14 mb). However, maximum increment in number of leaves per shoot was found in T6 (Vermicompost @ 6.0 kg/plant).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Studies on effects of spacing and organic inputs on out-planting performance of teak (Tectona grandis L. F.) plantations in Jhalawar district of Rajasthan”
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2021-12-31) Yadav, Ravi; Pandey, S.B.S
    A field experiment entitled “Studies on effects of spacing and organic inputs on out-planting performance of Teak (Tectona grandis L. F.) Plantation in Jhalawar district of Rajasthan” was conducted during the July 2019 to April 2020, at the Herbal Garden, Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar. The experiment consisted of 10 treatment of organic inputs sand, FYM and Vermicompost was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Treatment T9 comprising [Vermicompost (2 kg + 1 kg + 1 kg) + FYM (2 kg + 1 kg + 1 kg)] was found significantly superior over all other treatments, however treatment T8 [Vermicompost (1 kg + 1 kg + 1 kg) + FYM (1 kg + 1 kg + 1 kg)] exhibited at par results in most of the growth parameters such as plant height, collar diameter, number of leaves, number of primary branch, number of nodes, Internodes length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf perimeter leaf area, petiole length, litter accumulation on dry basis (gm) and survival percent in Teak (Tectona grandis L. F.) From the experiment, it may be concluded T9 treatment [Vermicompost (2 kg + 1 kg + 1 kg) + FYM (2 kg + 1 kg + 1 kg)] may be considered suitable for better growth and development of Teak (Tectona grandis L. F.) plants along with soil parameter treatment T9 significantly increase soil organic carbon and available phosphorus content in soil. The overall studied parameters pertaining to growth revealed that many plant growth parameters were better under Spacing S3 (5 m x 6 m) then S2 (5 m x 5 m) for better plant growth and development characteristics in Teak (Tectona grandis L. F.).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULE AND FERTIGATION LEVEL ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANDARIN (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) CV. NAGPUR MANDARIN
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2021-12-31) KUMAR, SANDEEP; Singh, Jitendra
    The field experiment entitled “Effect of irrigation schedule and fertigation level on growth and development of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) cv. Nagpur Mandarin” was conducted deploying 10 treatments in RBD with four replications covering 160 plants in all during two successive years commencing from March, 2019 to February, 2021 at the Instructional Farm, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. The experiment revealed that among various irrigation schedule treatments, application of treatment I1 (100% ETc) was observed significantly superior over other treatments with regard to growth and development parameters in which the increase in height of plant was 43.06%, in plant volume 2.39%, in number of leaves per shoot 53.63%, in number of branches per plant 2.06%, in leaf area 2.17%, in leaf NPK content particularly N: 2.53%, P: 0.23%, K: 1.72% and maximum leaf chlorophyll content (2.39 mg/g), besides minimum leaf proline content (7.75μg/g) were observed under this treatment I1 (100% ETc). The treatment I1 (100% ETc) was found better in improvement of the soil parameters (0-15 cm depth) including soil pH (7.19), EC (0.46 dSm-1), organic carbon (0.53%), porosity (52.77%), available N (319.33 kg ha-1), P (24.58 kg ha-1), K (290.92 kg ha-1) and microbial population in soil (Bacteria 18.17 x 106 CFU/g soil and Fungi 12.62 x 104 CFU/g soil). As regard to individual effect of fertigation, maximum plant height (47.11%), plant volume (2.47), number of leaves per shoot (61.45%), number of branches per plant (2.07%), leaf area (2.23%), leaf NPK content (N: 2.56% P: 0.23%, K: 1.75%) along with leaf chlorophyll content (2.41 mg/g), besides minimum leaf proline content (9.50μg/g) were observed under the treatment F1 (100% RDF). The treatment F1 (100% RDF) was found better in improvement of the soil physical and chemical properties including soil pH (7.16), EC (0.47 dSm-1), organic carbon (0.55%), porosity (53.08%), N (322.58 kg ha-1) P (26.10 kg ha-1) and K (295.25 kg ha-1). However, better influenceon microbial population (Bacteria 19.33 x 106 CFU/g soil and Fungi 13.78 x 104 CFU/g soil) was found under treatment F3 (60% RDF). Among the interaction of irrigation schedule and fertigation levels, all plant parameters were observed significantly superior except number of branches per plant and petiole length in treatment I1F1 (Irrigation Scheduling at 100 % ETc + Fertigation 100 % RDF) while treatment I2F1 (Irrigation Scheduling at 80 % ETc + Fertigation 100 % RDF) was registered at par with it in most of the parameters studied. In treatment I2F1 at par to maximum values in all parameters were recorded in which increase in height of plant was 49.32%, in leaf area 2.30%, in leaf NPK content particularly N: 2.57% P: 0.23%, K: 1.78% and the leaf chlorophyll content was 2.43 mg/g, besides minimum leaf proline content was observed (9.25μg/g) under this treatment. Further, this treatment was found better in improvement of soil parameters at 0-15 cm depth such as soil pH (7.14), EC (0.48 dSm-1), organic carbon (0.56%), porosity (53.27%), besides N (326.25 kg ha-1), P (27.05 kg ha-1) and K (297.75 kg ha-1). The soil microbial population (Bacteria 20.75 x 106 CFU/g soil and Fungi 15.20 x 104 CFU/g soil at 0-15cm depth of soil) had significantly better improvement in treatment I1F3 (Irrigation Scheduling at 100 % ETc + Fertigation 60 % RDF). Summarizingly, from the present investigation it may be concluded that I2F1 treatment (Irrigation Scheduling at 80 % ETc + Fertigation 100 % RDF) was better over all other treatments. There had been water saving of 580.54 litres per irrigation per hectare which calculates to 76631.28 litres per hectare all along 132 irrigations supplied under fertigation treatment of mandarin at the average cumulative pan evaporation of 24.14 mm in comparison to I1F1 (Irrigation Scheduling at 100 % ETc + Fertigation 100 % RDF). Further, under this treatment (I2F1: Irrigation Scheduling at 80 % ETc + Fertigation 100 % RDF) over all better plant growth parameters as well as soil properties were also recorded.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS ON QUALITY AND STORAGE OF CUSTARD APPLE (Annona squamosa L.) CV. BALANAGAR
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2021-12-31) GHASIL, INDRARAJ; Meena, N. K.
    This experiment “Effect of postharvest treatments on quality and storage of Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) cv. Balanagar” was carried out at Post harvest laboratory, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, Rajasthan to investigate the effect of various post harvest treatments on the quality and shelf life of custard apple cv. Balanagar fruits which were applied in different concentrations. In this experiment 3 chemicals in different concentrations i.e. oxalic acid @ 2.5 mM, 5.0 mM, 7.5 mM and10 mM, salicylic acid @ 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 1.5 mM and 2.0 mM, sodium nitro prusside @ 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 1.5 mM and 2.0 mM and control applied on whole fresh custard apple fruits and stored under ambient storage condition and evaluation was done on the basis of physico-chemical qualities and shelf life of fruits. Fruits samples were analysed in 3 days intervals for 9 days in this experiment and it was conducted in a statistically completely randomized design. From the results pertained in the present research experiment concluded that treatment T12(Sodium Nitro Prusside @ 2.0 mM) was found to be significantly superior over all other treatments and it also observed in maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of Balanagar Custard apple fruits. Fruits treated with T12(Sodium Nitro Prusside @ 2.0 mM) treatment showed maximum days taken to ripening (3.33), minimum reduction in fruit length (5.14%), fruit diameter (7.27%), fruit volume (32.20%), peel weight (21.25%) and pulp weight (10.91%), minimum PLW (17.75%), minimum decay incidence (25.00%), highest shelf life (8.17 days), highest TSS increment (38.87%), maximum increment of total sugar (70.26%), reducing sugar (35.02%) and non-reducing sugar (144.52%), highest ascorbic acid (43.20 mg/100g), minimum reduction of phenol content (11.62%), highest antioxidant capacity (0.92 μmol Trolox/100g) end of the storage period. On the basis of these findings, it may be concluded that of custard apple fruits are possible for 8 days after in ambient storage condition with treatment of fruits by Sodium Nitro Prusside @ 2.0 mM retained the physical, chemical and functional qualities.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of different doses of bio-stimulants on growth and development of Guava (Psidium guajava L) cv. Sardar
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2021-12-31) Gurjar, Jitendra; Singh, Jitendra
    A field experiment entitled “Effect of different doses of bio-stimulants on growth and development of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. sardar‟‟ was conducted during the year 2020-21, at the Instructional Farm, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar. The experiment consisted of 19 treatments laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications.Among different bio-stimulants treatments, T12 humic acid 15g + seaweed 60g was found significantly superior over all other treatments with respect to most of the plant growth and development parametres besides better soil physicochemical and biological properties. The plant growth characters viz. plant height (53.32%), canopy spread E-W (48.59%), canopy spread N-S (68.98%), rootstock girth (19.81%), scion girth (19.60%), number of leaves/plant (75.87%), number of shoots/plant (81.54%), length of internodes (71.768 %), number of nodes/branch (47.89%), number of leaves/shoot (31.01%), and number of shoots/branch (35.63%), leaf length (30.95%), leaf width (39.26%), leaf area (61.43%), length of internodes (71.77%), proline content in leaf (4.95%), relative water content (97.57%) and leaf N, P, K content (2.99%), (0.33%), (1.99%). The T12 treatment was found better in improving the soil parameters including organic carbon percentage, available N, P and K content of soil and was found significantly superior over other treatments. Like-wise, soil pH and electrical conductivity also had significant moderation under this treatment. The treatment T11 (Humic acid 15g + Seaweed 50g) was in next order in its impact on vegetative growth and developmental parameters of guava plant besides better soil parameters of the orchard under the study.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of foliar spray of nutrients on yield and quality of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.)
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2021-12-24) Meena, Durgashankar; Bhatnagar, Prerak
    A field experiment entitled "Effect of foliar spray of nutrients on yield and quality of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.)" was conducted at the Fruit Instructional Farm, Department of Fruit science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar during May, 2018 to December, 2018. The experiment consisted of 33 treatments having two levels of each, Zinc sulphate (@ 0.25 % and @ 0.5 %), Ferrous sulphate (0.25 % and 0.5 %), Copper sulphate (0.25 % and 0.5 %) and potassium sulphate (0.5 % and 1.0 %). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Among different foliar doses of treatment combinations of micronutrients and potassium sulphate, T27 treatment consisting (FeSO4 @ 0.25 % + K2SO4 @ 1.0 %) resulted in enhancement in plant height and canopy volume; whereas application of treatment T22 (FeSO4 @ 0.25% + CuSO4 @ 0.25 %) resulted in per cent increase of N-S plant spread of Nagpur mandarin trees. The results under influence of foliar applications of various treatments reflected that the application of treatment T21 (ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + K2SO4 @ 1.0 %) was found best with regard to augmentation in number of fruits/plant, estimated yield/plant (kg), fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit breadth (cm), peel thickness (mm), number of segments per fruit, minimum number of seeds/fruit, juice recovery percentage. rag percentage, TSS, minimum acidity per cent, TSS/Acidity ratio, ascorbic acid (mg/100 g), total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and juice pH over other treatments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF METHYL JASMONATE AND SALICYLIC ACID ON GROWTH, FLOWERING AND CORM PRODUCTION OF GLADIOLUS (Gladiolus hybridus HORT.) cv. AMERICAN BEAUTY
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2021-12-24) GOTHWAL, JYOTI; Mishra, Ashutosh
    A field experiment entitled “Effect of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic acid on Growth, Flowering and Corm Production in Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) cv. American Beauty” was conducted during Rabi season, 2020-21 at the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. The experiment consisting 9 treatments having two growth regulators viz. Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic acid each (Foliar spray of sole concentration) and laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Among the sole concentration of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic acid treatment T2 (MeJA-100 ppm) was found most effective in the increasing plant height (110.67 cm), number of leaves (12.37), leaf length (44.47 cm), main collar diameter (3.60 cm), plant spread in East -West direction (44.67 cm), internodal length (5.10 cm), spike length (82.75 cm), rachis length (42.68 cm) and number of cormels per plant (24.33). The earliest spike emergence (57.67 days), minimum days for first floret opening (65.67 days) floret diameter (9.63 cm) and number of spikes per plant (2.40) and corm diameter (5.50 cm) were recorded under T1 (MeJA-50 ppm). The maximum number of florets per spike (16.33), number of corms per plant (2.23), weight of corm per plant (137.00 g), weight of corm per plot (2.47 Kg), chlorophyll content (3.53 mg/g), proline content (1.47 μg/g), vase life (13.33 days) and Anthocyanin content (0.30 mg/g) were noticed under T4 (Methyl Jasmonate -200ppm) treatment. The application of Salicylic acid through foliar spray the treatment, T8 (SA-200 ppm) resulted in the maximum plant height (109.20 cm), highest number of leaves (11.67), highest leaf length (42.67 cm), highest main collar diameter (3.03 cm), maximum plant spread in East -West direction (42.67 cm), maximum internodal length (5.03 cm), highest spike length (80.88 cm), maximum rachis length (41.05 cm), maximum number of corms per plant (2.53), highest number of corms per square meter (18.33), highest weight ofcorm per plant (147.33g ), highest weight of corm per plot (3.03 Kg), maximum chlorophyll content (3.59 mg/g), maximum proline content (1.49 μg/g), highest vase life (14.67 days) and highest Anthocyanin content (0.31 mg/g). The earliest spike emergence (58.00 day), first floret opening (67.33 days), maximum floret diameter (9.03cm), highest number of spike per plant (2.13), highest number of spike per quare meter (17.00), maximum diameter of corm (6.03 cm), maximum number of cormels per plant (26.33) and maximum number of cormels per square meter (204.00) were recorded under T5 (Salicylic acid -50 ppm) treatment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Survey and Evaluation of Selected Big Size Trees (BSTs) Quality andVigour by External Characteristics in Jhalawar Region
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2021-03-15) Vaishnav, Ramniwas; V.C., Prahlad
    A field experiment entitled “Survey and Evaluation of Selected Big Size Trees (BSTs) Quality and Vigour by External Characteristics in Jhalawar Region”was carried out during the year 2019-2020 in three different locations (L1-Residential,L2-Farmland and L3-Roadside) at four sites ( S1-Jhalawar, S2-Aklera, S3-Khanpur and S4-Pidawa) of Jhalawar district. Total 27 species covering 240 trees (>50cm DBH)where Pipal (24.69%), Mango (22.22%), Neem (19.75%), Mahua (19.75%) and Tamarind (13.58%) count 162 which form 67.50% to the total tree counts. These five dominant tree species are indigenous, multipurpose and sacred in nature. The IVI was reported for Pipal(55.9), Mango (39.03), Mahua (36/67), Neem (34.47) and Tamarind (27.62) restively. Species richness index showed highest 2.19 at S4L1 and lowest 1.68 for S4L2 and less at S1 in general. Regarding ANOVA reported for bole and crown parameters, Tamarind for height, Pipal for Bark and crown width, Mahua for Crown length showed significant variation at P<0.05 level while except mango all other dominant species showed significant variation for crown height. Remaining other bole and crown parameters did not show significant variation in our study. In current study 199 trees (82.91%) to the total surveyed 240 trees no PBM were reported but 76-100 cm and 101- 125 cm and 126- 150 cm DBH were reported 25- 50 % PBM category found primarily vulnerable accounting 13.75 %. About half of the total number of trees reported PBM were from roadside locations suggest their vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances. Among the 120 (50%) trees reported formation of buttresses from different families prominently from the trees of greater Height. Trees of 76-100 cm and 101- 125 cm accounts 70 % of the buttress formation again vindicates the vulnerable size class. Maximum Leaf area is recorded for Azadirachta indica. 121 (50.41%) trees were reported knots forming where Mahua (261), neem (174), mango (95) and tamarind (83) forms total 74.30% of number of knots to the total and these are the species also reported relatively higher primary branch mortality. Around 35.53% of knots forming trees found at Roadside Locations are subject to heavy disturbances and injury. Regarding preferred height of knots formation upto 2 m and 2-5 m found dominant. Among the 169 total no. of snags observed from 51 (91.07%) number of trees mango, mahua and tamarind contributes 69.82% to the total number of snags. The good number of snags found at 2-5m above the ground. ThePipalshowed highest EC and BD and lowest pH, while tamarind showed lowest for SM, OC and litter deposition. Whereas, Mahua showed highest SM% and SOC%, mango reported highest litter and lowest EC and BD respectively. Keywords: BST, Large trees, Tree quality and Vigour,