Agriculture University, Kota
The Agriculture University, Kota (AUK) was established on 14th September, 2013 after bifurcation of the Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology (MPUAT), Udaipur and Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University (SKRAU), Bikaner through promulgation of Act No. 22 of 2013. The University has been created for the agricultural development in South-East and Eastern Rajasthan which is having diversified agriculture situations from rainfed to canal irrigated agriculture.
The Agriculture University has its Headquarter at Borkhera Farm, Kota & is located on Kota-Baran National highway-76. Kota district is situated in the South-Eastern part of Rajasthan and comes under Humid South-Eastern Plain Zone (agro climatic zone V). It lies between 23045’ and 26038’ North latitude and 75037’ and 77026’ East longitude. The jurisdiction of AUK is spread over in 6 districts namely Kota, Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Karauli and Sawai Madhopur. It accounts for 9.98 % geographical area, 12.67 % total human population, 9.4 % live stock population, 31.59 % forest area and 20.6 % net sown area of the state. Development and education of modern practices in the field of Agriculture, Horticulture & Forestry for sustainable livelihood of the rural masses is the main thrust of the service area of AUK.
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ThesisItem Open Access ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF FARMERS TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE IN BUNDI DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, UMMEDGANJ, KOTA, 2021-12-07) RISHI, SONIYA; Dhaka, B.L.The present investigation entitled “Adaptive Capacity of Farmers Towards Climate Change in Bundi District of Rajasthan” was conducted in Bundi district of Rajasthan, during the year 2020-21. The Bundi district was selected purposively for the study as the district was the agri-dominant region with ample opportunities for agriculture having black fertile alluvial soils, strong irrigation infrastructure, advanced farming practices adopted by the farmers and productivity higher than that of the state and in some cases, higher than that of the average of the country. A multistage sampling technique was used to select respondents. A total of 175 respondents were selected as a sample for the study. An interview schedule consisting of measuring devices of dependents and independents variables along with the face data of farmers was used for collecting responses of the respondents. The data so collected were transferred to the work table and tally sheets. They were processed, tabulated, classified, analyzed, and given statistical treatment. The hypotheses formulated were tested and salient interpretations were drawn from the data in light of the objectives of the study. It was observed that majority of the respondents belonged to old age group (41.14%), educated up-to middle class (28%), and had more than 20 years of farming experience (83.43%). Further, majority respondents had low level of social participation (50.29%), low access to extension service (49.14%), low exposure to mass media (60%), low access to information related to climate change and related issues (42.29%) were possessing low to medium level of knowledge about climate related aspects (75%). It was noted that the majority of respondents were possessing small (40.00%) to medium (40.57%) sized operational holding having land under assured irrigation (36.57%) followed by partial irrigation (33.14%) and rainfed (30.29). It was also observed that majority of the respondents (45.71) had Rs 50,000 to 2,00,000 annual off farm.An instrument was developed to measure adaptive capacity of farmers towards climate change. The study revealed that the majority of the respondents had moderate (48.00%) level of adaptive capacity followed by low (33.14%) and high (18.86%) level of adaptive capacity toward climate change. It was noted that that majority of respondents were agree that there was a drastic change in rainfall pattern (37.71%), timing of the rainfall (34.86%), amount of rainfall (30.29%), and undecided intensity of rainfall (24.57%). A large majority of respondents, as is evident from the above table, were strongly agreed that hail-storm events (29.71%), agree that duration of dry spell during rainy season (38.29%) are changing. Nearly 21.14 per cent of respondents were strongly agreed and 22.29 per cent were agreeing that there was a substantial reduction in the water level due to high temperature and lack of timely rains. A large majority of respondents 26.86 per cent, as is evident from the above table, agree to the statement that there has been an increase in incidence of crop failure incidence. Further, about 28.00 per cent of the respondents were strongly agreed and 30.29 per cent of respondents were agreed that ‘loss of population and species of trees and 18.86 per cent strongly agreed and 21.14 per cent of respondents agreed to the statement that ‘loss of population and species of animal’. The findings of the study also revealed that the education, access to climate information, social participation, farming experience years, access to extension contact, mass media exposure, off farm income, operational land holding, area under irrigation and level of knowledge about climate change were found positive and significantly associated with the adaptive capacity of farmers towards climate change. The finding of the research will be very useful for researchers, academics and policy makers, and can also be used beyond the perspective of the study area with some modifications.ThesisItem Open Access APPLICATION OF EDIBLE COATINGS BASED ON GUAR GUM AND JACKFRUIT SEED STARCH ON POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF NAGPUR MANDARIN (Citrus reticulata Blanco.)(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2024) HANSRAJ GOCHAR; Dr. S. K. JainAn experiment "Application of edible coatings based on guar gum and jackfruit seed starch on post-harvest quality of Nagpur Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.)"was carried out at the Department of Post Harvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar (Rajasthan) in the month of December,2022 to April, 2023. Extending the shelf life of Nagpur Mandarin fruit was the main objective of this experiment without much deterioration in the both physical and biochemical qualities. Two different surface coating types are used in this experiment i.e., guar gum and Jackfruit seed starch. The freshly procured Nagpur Mandarin fruit from the commercial orchard in Jhalawar were treated with the three concentrations of surface coating viz. 1%, 1.5% and 2.0% concentration of guar gum, and in combination with single concentration (2.5%) Jackfruit seed starch with Guar gum (1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) and Jackfruit seed starch 2.5 % + glycerol 0.3%, with guar gum(1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) were placed in to a perforated CFB boxes and stored at room temperature and quality of treated Nagpur Mandarin fruit were evaluated. On the basis of physico chemical qualities and PLW, Nagpur Mandarin fruit were acceptable up to 25 days of storage. Among all kinds of surface coatings GG (2%) was found superior over the others treatments and displayed encouraging result. On the 30th day of storage the highest percentage of juice recovery (40.22%), minimum weight loss (6.23%) minimum spoilage (14.70%) minimum total loss (22.93%) minimum changes in TSS (13.52°Brix) minimum degradation in titratable acidity (0.52%) higher total sugars (9.12%) ascorbic acid (30.10 mg/100 g) total phenol (81.02mg GAE/100g) flavonoids (2.62 μg/100g) antioxidants (7.79μ mol Trolox/100g) and highest score of overall acceptability (6.33) were observed in fruit treated with 2 % guar gum compared to control.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment and Management Strategies of Vultures in Hadoti Region of Rajasthan(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2020) Suthar, Shubham; Sharma, Dr. AnchalThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF CABBAGE BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEM IN DIFFERENT VEGETABLE CROPS(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2022-03-08) OAD, MAHENDRA; Aravindakshan, Dr. KavitaThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF ISABGOL (Plantago ovata Forsk.) GENOTYPE IN SOUTH-EAST REGION OF RAJASTHAN(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2022) RAM LAKHAN DHAKAR; Dr. Bhuvnesh NagarGenetic variability, correlation and path analysis were studied in a set of 14 genotypes of Isabgol grown in a randomized block design with three replications at the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar during Rabi season of 2021-22. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences for all the characters under study. Highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters indicate that variation among the genotypes is heritable. The genotype Jawahar recorded maximum seed yield per plant (5.95 g) and also the performance of this genotype was better for other yield attributes characters. The genotypes Mayuri (5.81 g), PB-6-3 (5.04 g) and Niharika (4.35 g) recorded higher seed yield per plant. Phenotypic coefficient of variation is higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters under study, so it could be concluded that phenotypic selection would be more effective. The character association studies indicated that the advantages of upgrading Isabgol genotypes through simultaneous selection for plant height at maturity, number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per spike, husk content per plant percent, husk content per plant and swelling index. The data pertaining to path coefficient revealed that husk content per plant (g), days to 50% flowering, swelling index and seed moisture indicating that selection should be made on the basis of these traits for improvement in seed yield of Isabgol.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF SELECTION PARAMETERS FOR YIELD AND OIL CONTENT IN INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.](COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, UMMEDGANJ, KOTA, 2021-12-07) YADAV, HEMANT; Meena, P.K. PremThe present experiment entitled “Assessment of selection parameters for yield and oil content in Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]” was accomplished during Rabi 2020-21 consisting of forty sepytoneg of Indian mustard. Analysis was done for twelve quantitative characters ziv ,. days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant, length of siliqua (cm), number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight (g), oil content (%), harvest index (%) and seed yield per plant (g). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota (Agriculture University, Kota). The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the forty genotypes of Indian mustard for twelve quantitative characters under study. The estimates of PCV and GCV were found high for harvest index. Moderate estimates of PCV and GCV were observed for 1000-seed weight, seed yield per plant and number of secondary branches per plant while, low estimates were observed for number of siliquae per plant, days to 50 % flowering, number of seeds per siliqua, plant height, oil content and days to maturity. Very low differences in the magnitude of PCV and GCV were observed for the characters viz., days to maturity, days to 50% flowering and oil content indicated less influence of environment on these characters. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for harvest index, 1000-seed weight, number of secondary branches per plant and seed yield per plant indicating good chances of improvement of these traits through simple selection. Correlation study revealed that harvest index, 1000-seed weight and number of siliquae per plant expressed highly significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Thus, it can be inferred thatselection based on any one of these characters either alone or in combination, will help to identifying high yielding genotypes. Study of path coefficient analysis revealed the direct and positive influence of harvest index, number of siliquae per plant, 1000-seed weight and length of siliqua towards seed yield per plant. The genotypes viz., Giriraj, RH-749, Kranti, RGN-73 and Varuna were found five top yielders among the forty genotypes which showed higher mean value for seed yield per plant and their performance was also superior for other traits like harvest index, oil content and 1000-seed weight. So, these genotypes could be used for further crop improvement programme.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Soil Fertility Status of Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj-Kota(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, UMMEDGANJ, KOTA, 2020-08-25) Bhil, Kamlesh; Sharma, M. K.The soils of various fields of Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj-Kota were collected and analyzed for the physical properties (soil colour, texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity and water holding capacity), physico-chemical properties (pH, EC and organic carbon) and available macro and micronutrients (N, P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn). Soil maps prepared with the help of GIS software using geo-statistical analysis. Majority of the soils were found clay loam to clayey in texture with highest variability in sand and clay content, whereas, minimum in case of silt. The BD ranged from 1.25 to 1.57 Mg m-3 with a mean value of 1.43 Mg m-3, PD of the soils ranged from 2.57 to 2.71 Mg m-3 with mean value of 2.68 Mg m-3 and the porosity of the soils ranged from 41.42 to 51.92% with mean value of 46.42%.WHC of the soils ranged from 35.11-52.46% with mean value of 44.31% and soil colour varied from brown, dark brown, dark gray, very dark gray and black. The soils were neutral to alkaline in soil reaction (pH) and most of the soil EC <1 dS m-1, means soluble salt content in safe limit. The organic carbon content ranged from 0.30 to 0.79% with a mean value of 0.50%, in general, the organic carbon status of soils was under low (18.33%) to moderate (76.00%) categories. The available nitrogen of the soils ranged from 142.90 to 380.53 kg ha-1 with a mean value of 246.76 kg ha-1, thus, overall the available nitrogen status was low in these soils (77.33%). The available P of the soils ranged from 4.60 to 42.02 kg ha-1 with a mean value 20.09 kg ha-1, available P status of soils falls under moderate (47.00%) and moderately high (23.66%) categories.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of variability and tolerance indices for moisture stress in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2020) Singh, Shyam; Maurya, Dr. I. B.Thirty genotypes of fenugreek were evaluated in normal and limited irrigation conditions during rabi season 2019-20 in RBD with three replications, to estimate the variability, characters association and stress tolerance indices viz., TOL, SSI, STI, MP, GMP, YI, SSPI, and MSTI to screen the genotype for moisture stress tolerance. The pooled ANOVA revealed significant difference among the environment, genotype and G x E interaction for all the characters under study except days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and seed yield per plant, indicating non-linear response of genotypes to the changes in environments. Individual ANOVA indicated existence of significant variability in genotypes for all the characters in both the environments. In general, the PCV were found higher than the corresponding GCV for all the characters studied, which indicated effect of environments on the characters expression. In both the environments high estimated of GCV and PCV were observed for seed yield per plant, number of branches per plant and number of pods per plant and proline content. The estimate of broad sense heritability was high for proline content, test weight, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant and pod length and genetic advance as percentage of mean was high for proline content, seed yield per plant and number of branches per plant in both the environments. High estimate of GCV, PCV, heritability, GA, and genetic advance as percentage of mean were found seed yield per plant, proline content, number of branches per plant and number of pos per plant in both the environments. The seed yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly associated with number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod in both the irrigation conditions. Based upon the mean seed yield and various stress tolerance indices, genotypes RMt-1, Sikar local, Nagour local-1 and MP local-1, were screen tolerant to water deficit conditions and GM-1, RMt-143 and RMt-303 were screen high yield in both irrigation conditions with higher reduction in water deficit condition. Hence, these genotypes may be used in further breeding programmes.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF AERIAL ROOTS OF Ficus benghalensis Linn. WITH RESPECT TO TREE GROWTH CHARACTERS(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2022) NILESH TAILOR; Prahlad V.C.A field experiment entitled “Characterization of aerial roots of Ficus benghalensis Linn. with respect to tree growth characters” was carried out during the year 2021-2022 by selecting total 80 numbers of trees from 4 size of diameter classes D1 (<30cm), D2 (30-60cm), D3 (60-90) and D4 (>90cm) from Jhalawar locations. The vital tree growth characters, characterization of aerial root forming trees and their soil character were studied as part the investigation. The open grown trees in absence of neighbour competition utilized unlimited light and space, resulted in wider crown spread, lesser crown height branched profusely to provide stability and mechanical strength. The higher slenderness index of D1 and D2 class indicates decreased stability there by more vulnerable to damage in comparison to big trees which intern seems to be producing aerial roots in initial period itself for their survival that persisted in subsequent diameter classes. Though aerial roots formation reported both from primary and secondary branches but 98% of primary and secondary branches reported to form aerial roots in D4 class while 85% and 88% in primary and secondary branches respectively from D2 class. Further, 38% of buttress root formation in our study that too 45% each in D3 and D4 class has also expressed an explicit interrelation with aerial root formation. A strong correlation exists between cluster distance, base height of aerial roots with trees and crown size where minimum 41.59 to maximum 146.15 aerial root cluster per trees were reported to spread distance from 0.16m to 8.09m from the centre of the stem axis. Also, the base height of aerial roots in taller trees (D4 class) begin to cling above ground from minimum 3.11m to 6.75m compared to trees of lesser height (D2 class) that found clinging from 2.07m to 3.83m. Regarding the gap length of aerial roots, the bigger trees reported to produce longer aerial roots just short of 3.86m (D1 class) to 1.03m (D3 class) vertical length to reach the ground. The diameter and moisture % of aerial roots showed positive relation with tree size where the smaller root diameter(5.18mm) reported lesser moisture% (43.15%) compared to higher moisture% (47.15%) from higher diameter of aerial root (7.52mm). The soil analysis of current study reported the higher content of available Nitrogen (218.17kg/ha), available Phosphorus (35.18kg/ha), available Potassium. (316.87kg/ha), pH (7.19), EC(0.49dS/m) and bulk density (1.41g/cc) in D1 class. While highest soil moisture (10.01%) and organic carbon (0.6%) found in D4 class. Keywords- Aerial roots, base height, cluster distance, crown projection ratio, gap length, moisture percentage, slenderness index.ThesisItem Open Access Detection and Management of Early Blight of Potato Caused by Alternaria alternata(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, UMMEDGANJ, KOTA, 2020-12-09) MEENA, PRIYANKA KUMARI; Yadav, D. L.Potato is the King of vegetables and third most important food commodity in terms of human consumption after rice and wheat. Potato has immense potential for food and nutritional security of the world. India is the second largest producer of potato in the world. Diseases are major constraint resulting in loss in tuber yield of potato.Early blight is one of most important foliar diseases of potato and reported 24 to 54% disease severity in South Eastern Rajasthan. Consequently, the present studies have been undertaken to overcome crop loss by finding suitable disease management. The present investigation on “Detection and Management of Early blight of potato caused by Alternaria alternata.” was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Kota during Rabi 2019-20 under laboratory as well as field condition. First symptom of the disease was seen on older leaves as small dark brown, frequently round necrotic spots, the spots enlarged with characteristics in the centre to produce a target board effect and the colour of the spots altered from brown to dark brown. The disease symptoms perceptibly seen on all plant parts viz., leaf, stem and petioles. The contiguous spots eventually coalesced to form large irregular spots primary to drying and defoliation. The diseased plants formed less tuber and size of tuber as compared to healthy plant. Pathogen was isolated by single spore isolation technique from infected potato leaves and pure culture of the fungus was obtained on potato dextrose agar medium after eight days of inoculation which showed brownish colour. The studies on the morphological and colony characters of the isolated pathogen showed its close identify with Alternaria alternata. The mycelium was greyish brown to black producing conidiophores moreover singly or in small groups which were straight or flexuous brown to olivaceous brown. The conidia were solitary straight or muriform or ellipsoidal narrowing to beak, pale or olivaceous brown. For further, identification of pathogen was sent to Indian Type Culture Collection (ITCC), Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi-110012. They identified culture as Alternaria alternata with code number 295012. Significantly maximum inhibition of mycelial growth was obtained with Trichoderma viride (57.08%) followed by T. azospirillum (50.00%), T. harzianum (43.26%) and T. virens (37.08%) of the pathogen after 48hours of incubationby dual culture technique. Among the media tested the potato leaf agar and was significantly superior and most effective medium for sporulation as well as potato leaf broth medium for dry mycelial weight followed by PDA. However potato leaf agar was also superior for sporulation of A. alternata. Whereas, the potato stem agar, V-8 juice agar, pea agar, oat meal agar and czapek’s agar medium were least effective in mycelial growth.Screening of twenty eight genotypes/varieties of potatofor resistance to early blightdisease revealed six genotypes viz., CP-3021, 3153, Atlantic, Chip-3, Jx-161 and MS/78-62 as resistant reaction. While thirteen genotypes i.e., NJ-1501, MP-97, NJ-44, NJ-34, MP-97-1606, PS/RI-135, JI-93-77, MS/94-118, JN-1177, Kufri Sindhuri, Kufri Pukhraj, Kufri Khayati and Kufri Pushkar moderately resistant. However, six genotypes viz., NJ-85, NJ-1530, J-92-164, MS/92-2105, J/93-4 and Kufri Bahar susceptible, while three genotypes i.e., MP/94-322, NJ-1 and MS/85- 1663 as highly susceptible. Fungicides viz., Propiconazole 25% EC and Hexaconazole 5% EC @ 10, 20 and 50 ppm concentrations and Mancozeb 75% WP @ 1000 and 1500 ppm and Difenconazole 25% EC @ 50 ppm significantly were recorded 100 per cent inhibition as compared to rest of the fungicides.Next best treatments in order of merit were Difenconazole 25% EC @ 10 and 20 ppm, Mancozeb 75% WP @ 500 ppm and Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 10, 50 and 100 ppm, Picoxystrobin 22.52% SC andPyraclostrobin 20% WG @ 10, 50 and 100 ppm concentrations against the Alternaria spp. The studies on foliar spray of fungicides against early blight under field condition revealed that the highest per cent reduction over control i.e. 72.3% was recorded in Dinfenconazole 5% EC @ 250 ml/ha followed by spraying of Propiconazole 25% EC @ 500 ml/ha (71.3%) and Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 500 ml/ha 70.2% after first and second spray. Next best treatments in order of merit were Picoxystrobin 22.52% SC @ 400 ml/ha i.e. 68.2% which was on par with Pyraclostrobin 20% WG @ 500 ml/ha 66.3% disease control after 14 days of each spray, while Hexaconazole 5% EC @ 500 ml/ha gave 63.6% and Mancozeb 75% WP @ 1500 g/ha showed 57.4% disease control 14 days after first and second spray. Significantly maximum percent dry matter was recorded by foliar spray of Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 500 ml/ha (25.00%). Next best treatments in order of merit were Pyraclostrobin 20% WG (24.03%), Picoxystrobin 22.52% SC (23.87%) and Hexaconazole 5% EC (23.07%), Mancozeb 75% WP (22.23%) and Difenconazole 25% EC (22.00%). Whereas, 21.20% was recorded by Propiconazole 25% EC and 20.13% in control. The highest (269) total tuber no. per plot was observed in Azoxystrobin 23% EC @ 500 ml/ha followed by Picoxystrobin 22.52% SC (260), Pyraclostrobin 20% WG (258), Difenconazole 25% EC (257) and Propiconazole 25% EC (247) which were at par with each other. However, Mancozeb 75% WP (238), while minimum was recorded in untreated checks i.e. (198) tubers.The studies on the effect of foliar sprays of various fungicides on tuber yield revealed that Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 500 ml /ha gave highest 16.17kg total tuber yield per plot followed by Picoxystrobin 22.52% SC (15.8 kg), Pyraclostrobin 20% WG (15.4 kg), Difenconazole 5% EC (14.93 kg) and Propiconazole 25% EC (13.83 kg), Mancozeb 75% WP (14.63 kg) and least tuber yield in Hexaconazole 5% EC (12.93 kg) as compared to control (10.57 kg). The highest cost benefit ratio was obtained in strobolin group fungicides followed by Mancozeb 75% WP and trizole group fungicides. Cost benefit ratio was least in control.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of assisted pollination on yield and quality of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) cv. Arka Sahan(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2020) MEENA, HANSRAJ; Meena, Nirmal KumarAn experiment entitled “Effect of assisted pollination on yield and quality of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) cv. Arka Sahan” was conducted during July to December 2019, at the Fruit Instructional Farm, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar. For the study total of 130 flowers of cv. Arka Sahan in were hand pollinated with three different pollen sources such as Balanagar, Raydurg and APK-Ca 1 in the three different timing in July denoted as T0 to T9. In present study, maximum fruit set (55.67 %) fruit retention (84.43 %) and yield/plant (19.23 kg) was obtained highest in treatment T4 where Arka Sahan pollinated with Balanagar during 2nd pollination. Fruit quality characteristics like fruit weight (326.32 g), fruit diameter (9.00 cm), minimum no. of areoles per fruit (63.00), maximum pulp weight (249.99 g), pulp (76.94%) and pulp: seed ratio (24.24) were found to be best in treatment T1(1st pollination with Balanagar). Biochemical characteristics of pulp such as maximum total soluble solid (32.33 °Brix), total sugar (25.55 %), reducing sugar (22.75 %) and non-reducing sugar (2.66 %), ascorbic acid content (27.87 mg/100g) and minimum titratable acidity (0.25 %) total phenol content (66.76 μg GAE/100g) were reported in same treatment i.e. T1 pollinated fruits. Highest score for organoleptic attributes such as sweetness (8), acidity (8.5), flavour (9), texture (9) and overall acceptability (8.62) was allotted to T1 fruits. Likewise, T1 produced fruits retained higher biochemical traits such as total soluble solids (32.81 at 3rd days), minimum titratable acidity (0.22 % at 6th days), total sugars (25.6 % at 3rd days), reducing and non-reducing sugars (22.74 %, 2.71 % at 3rd days), higher ascorbic content (25.27 mg/100g at 3rd days) and lower phenolics content (62.33 μg GAE/100g) during storage period at ambient condition. However, minimum physiological loss in weight, (12.43%) maximum shelf life (5.60 days) and decay loss (44.39 %) was reported in control (T0) fruits. In conclusion, assisted pollination with Balanagar was proved to be most significant and suitable to get maximum yield and quality.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Azospirillum and Vermicompost on growth, yield and fruit quality of custard apple cvs. Balanagar and Raydurg(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2020) Singh, Yogendra; Bhatnagar, Dr. PrerakThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BIO-FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF JACK FRUIT (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) cv. SINGAPORE JACK(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2021-10-25) NEELKANT; Singh, JitendraThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BIO-FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF JACKFRUIT (ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS L.)(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2022-08-24) S., VISHWANATH; Singh, JitendraThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BIO-STIMULANTS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF GARLIC (Allium sativum L.)(2022) VIKASH KUMAR KUMAWAT; Sh. Rajesh Kumar SharmaA field experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of bio-stimulants on growth, yield and quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.)” during the Rabi season, 2021-22 at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan, Jhalawar (Rajasthan). The experiment consisted of 3 different bio-stimulants with different doses i.e. humic acid (4, 6 and 8 g/L), seaweed extract (4, 6 and 8 ml/L) and vermiwash (10, 20 and 30 ml/L). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Results revealed that soil drenching of humic acid (@ 8g/L) to the garlic crop significantly increased the number of leaves per plant (7.32 and 9.33 ) length of leaves (48.44 cm and 63.28 cm), plant height (57.38 cm and 69.19 cm) at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively, chlorophyll content in leaves (1.87 mg/g), fresh weight of bulb (31.86 g), length of bulb (4.16 cm), diameter of bulb (4.83 cm), number of cloves per bulb (25.50 ), length of clove (4.05 cm), diameter of clove (1.04 cm), bulb yield per plot (2.74 kg) and per hectare (212 qt/ha-1), TSS (42.21 0Brix), dry matter content (42.54 %), crude protein content (7.05%), and pungency (10.39 μ mol/g), organic carbon (0.60), as well as the available nitrogen (342.74 kg ha-1) phosphorus (17.47 kg ha-1) and potassium (220.90 kg ha-1 ) content in soil after harvest of garlic, as compared to treatment T0 (control). Soil drenching of humic acid increased the gross returns and B: C ratio as compared to control. Maximum gross returns and B: C ratio, (Rs. 425863.00 and 4.10, respectively) registered in treatment T3 (Humic acid @ 8g/L). However, Treatment T0 (control) recorded minimum gross return of Rs. 353641.5 ha-1 but treatment T6 (seaweed @ 8g/L) recorded lowest B: C ratio (1.92).ThesisItem Open Access “Effect of Biochar, Vermicompost and Azotobacter on growth and development of Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) cv. Goma Priyanka”(2019) M, Rakesh; Singh, Jitendra; Bhatnagar, PrerakThesisItem Open Access Effect of biofertilizers and growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) cv. Pusa Paushja(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2017-12-13) Meena, Manoj Kumar; Aravindakshan, KavitaA field experiment entitled “Effect of biofertilizers and growth regulators on growth yield and quality of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) cv. Pusa Paushja” was conducted during Rabi season, 2016-17 at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. The experiment consisting 15 treatment combinations with two factors i.e. biofertilizers with three levels (control, PSB and mycorrhiza) and growth regulators with five levels (control, GA3 50 ppm, GA3 100 ppm, NAA 50 ppm and NAA 100 ppm) was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications each. The individual application of biofertilizer treatment B2 (mycorrhiza) recorded maximum plant height (63.02 cm), numbers of leaves per plant (22.83), length of stem (8.96 cm), minimum days taken to 50 per cent curd initiation (33.20), days taken to 50 per cent marketable curd size (59.35), maximum chlorophyll content in leaves at 45 DAT (0.45 mg g-1), harvestable mass per plant (1520.29 g), curd diameter (14.00 cm), curd weight per plant (766.67 g), yield per plot (9.08 kg), estimated yield per hectare (20.18 t), ascorbic acid (55.98 mg/100g), TSS (7.20 0Brix) and crude protein (2.87 per cent) as compared to control. The maximum NPK content in soil after harvest (373.13, 24.78 and 256.68 kg/ha), maximum net returned (Rs. 102573/ha) and B: C ratio (1.81) were recorded under treatment B2 (mycorrhiza) as compared to control. Similarly, the individual application growth regulator treatment G3 (GA3 50 ppm) gave maximum plant height (64.58 cm), number of leaves per plant (24.05), length of stem (9.39 cm), minimum days taken to 50 per cent curd initiation (32.48), days taken to 50 per cent marketable curd size (58.32), maximum chlorophyll content in leaves at 45 DAT (0.45 mg g-1), harvestable mass per plant (1544.76 g), curd diameter (14.76 cm), curd weight per plant (816.67 g), yield per plot (9.59 kg), estimated yield per hectare (21.32 t), ascorbic acid (57.08 mg/100g), TSS (7.54 0Brix) and crude protein (3.13 per cent) as compared to control. In term ofnet return the individual application of growth regulators G3 (GA3 50 ppm) exhibited maximum net return (Rs. 132662/ha) and B: C ratio (2.26) as compared to control. Further, the interaction effect of application of biofertilizer and growth regulator had significant effect on growth and yield over control. The maximum plant height (65.91 cm), number of leaves per plant (24.45), stem length (9.78 cm), minimum days taken to 50 per cent curd initiation (31.57), days taken to 50 per cent marketable curd size (55.85), maximum chlorophyll content in leaves at 45 DAT (0.48 mg g-1), harvestable mass per plant (1685.10 g), curd diameter (15.67 cm), curd weight per plant (850 g), yield per plot (9.72 kg), estimated yield per hectare (21.60 t), net return (Rs. 137016/ha) and B: C ratio (2.28) was recorded with treatment B2G3 (mycorrhiza and GA3 50 ppm) as compare to control.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of biofertilizers on growth and development of mango plants (Mangifera indica L.) cvs. Dashehari and Kesar(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2018-11-14) Poonia, Kapil Dev; Bhatnagar, P.A field experiment entitled “Effect of biofertilizers on growth and development of mango plants (Mangifera indica L.) cvs. Dashehari and Kesar” was conducted during the October 2017 to March 2018, at the Fruit Instructional Farm, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar. The experiment consisted of different treatments of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) and Vermicompost and was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Among different biofertilizers treatments application along with Vermicompost, treatment T9 comprising biofertilizers (Azotobacter 50 g/plant + PSB 50 g/plant) along with 3 kg Vermicompost per plant was found significantly superior over other treatments with respect to growth and development parameters such as per cent increase in plant height, rootstock girth, scion girth, number of shoots per plant, number of nodes per shoot, leaf width, leaf length, leaf perimeter, number of leaves per shoot, East-West and North-South spread, canopy volume and chlorophyll content (mg/g) in mango cvs. Dashehari and Kesar. It has also given better result in improving the organic carbon percentage, available N, P and K content of soil estimated in T9 treatment and was found significantly superior over other treatments. Like-wise, soil pH and electrical conductivity also reduced significantly under T9 treatment over other treatments. Overall, T9 treatment exhibited better vegetative growth and development parameters and soil health as compared to other treatments of biofertilizers.