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Agriculture University, Kota

The Agriculture University, Kota (AUK) was established on 14th September, 2013 after bifurcation of the Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology (MPUAT), Udaipur and Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University (SKRAU), Bikaner through promulgation of Act No. 22 of 2013. The University has been created for the agricultural development in South-East and Eastern Rajasthan which is having diversified agriculture situations from rainfed to canal irrigated agriculture. The Agriculture University has its Headquarter at Borkhera Farm, Kota & is located on Kota-Baran National highway-76. Kota district is situated in the South-Eastern part of Rajasthan and comes under Humid South-Eastern Plain Zone (agro climatic zone V). It lies between 23045’ and 26038’ North latitude and 75037’ and 77026’ East longitude. The jurisdiction of AUK is spread over in 6 districts namely Kota, Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Karauli and Sawai Madhopur. It accounts for 9.98 % geographical area, 12.67 % total human population, 9.4 % live stock population, 31.59 % forest area and 20.6 % net sown area of the state. Development and education of modern practices in the field of Agriculture, Horticulture & Forestry for sustainable livelihood of the rural masses is the main thrust of the service area of AUK.

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of media and seed treatment on germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2017-12-31) Mandrawalia, Dinesh; Jain, M.C.
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of media and seed treatment on germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady” was carried out during 2015-16 at College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan, Jhalawar. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with two factors repeated three times. The treatments comprised of four different media viz. black cotton soil (M0), black cotton soil + cocopeat (M1), black cotton soil + vermicompost (M2), black cotton soil + cocopeat + vermicompost (M3) and seven different seed treatment chemicals viz. water soaking-control (C0), GA3 100 ppm (C1), GA3 200 ppm (C2), Thiourea 500 ppm (C3), Thiourea 1000 ppm (C4), Potassium nitrate (1%), Potassium nitrate (2%). The papaya seeds sown in media black cotton soil + cocopeat + vermicompost (2:1:1) (M3) recorded minimum required for initiation of germination (7.08), maximum germination percentage (88.67), minimum peak period of germination (7.56), minimum span of germination (12.47). The media black cotton soil + cocopeat + vermicompost (2:1:1) (M3) maintained its superiority in producing maximum height of seedling (12.66 and 21.50 cm), stem diameter (3.82 and 5.66 mm), number of leaves per seedling (9.78 and 13.40), petiole length (6.15 and 8.43 cm), leaf perimeter (23.10 and 29.19 cm) at 4 and 6 weeks after sowing and fresh weight of seedling (10.39 g), dry weight of seedling (1.27 g), fresh weight of root (0.92 g), dry weight of root (0.28 g), length of longest tap root (12.69 cm), diameter of tap root (5.69 mm), root/shoot ratio (0.23), chlorophyll content in leaves (60.27 mg/g), osmolality (197.81 m mol/kg) was also noted in media black cotton soil + cocopeat + vermicompost (2:1:1) (M3). The soil parameters viz. pH, EC, OC did not significantly effect on rooting media. Among the different seed treatment chemicals, papaya seed treated with GA3 200 ppm was found batter for recorded minimum required for initiation of germination (6.71), maximum germination percentage (88.16), minimum peak period of germination (7.20), minimum span of germination (13.54). The media black cotton soil + cocopeat + vermicompost (2:1:1) (M3) maintained its superiority in producing maximum height ofseedling (11.75 19.64 cm), stem diameter (3.68 and 4.98 mm), number of leaves per seedling (8.66 and 12.12), petiole length (4.82 and 5.89), leaf perimeter (20.72 and 24.71 cm), fresh weight of seedling (10.39 g), dry weight of seedling (1.27 g), fresh weight of root (0.87 g), dry weight of root (0.25 g), length of longest tap root (11.81 cm), diameter of tap root (5.11 cm), root/shoot ratio (0.23), chlorophyll content in leaves (55.98 mg/g), osmolality (186.75 m mol/kg). The soil parameters viz. pH, EC, OC did not significantly effect on rooting media. Considering the interaction effect between media and seed treatment, the treatment combination M3C2 (black cotton soil + cocopeat + vermicompost (2:1:1) and GA3 200 ppm for 12 h) was found batter in recording minimum days required for initiation of germination, maximum germination percentage (99.00), minimum peak period of germination (6.33), minimum span of germination (11.33). The media black cotton soil + cocopeat + vermicompost (2:1:1) (M3) maintained its superiority in producing maximum height of seedling (13.05 and 23.65 cm), stem diameter (4.39 and 4.98 mm), number of leaves per seedling (10..3 and 14.00), petiole length (6.74 and 8.43 cm), leaf perimeter (24.20 and 30.51 cm) at 4 and 6 weeks after sowing and maximum fresh weight of seedling (12.26 g), dry weight of seedling (1.69 g), fresh weight of root (1.00 g), dry weight of root (0.25 g), length of longest tap root (14.06 cm), diameter of tap root (6.07 mm), root/shoot ratio (0.31), chlorophyll content in leaves (64.12 mg/g) and osmolality (244.66 m mol/kg) was significantly affected by interaction of seed treatment with GA3 200 ppm and different rooting media black cotton soil + cocopeat + vermicompost (2:1:1) (M3C2).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Planting Geometry and Nitrogen on Growth, Yield and Quality of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.)
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2014-12-31) MALI, GOPI LAL; Moond, S.K.
    A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2013-14 to study “Effect of Planting Geometry and Nitrogen on Growth, Yield and Quality of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.)” at the Instructional Farm, Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations of four spacing (S1- 30 cm x 30 cm, S2- 30 cm x 45 cm, S3- 45 cm x 45 cm, S4- 45 cm x 60 cm) and four nitrogen levels (N0- 0 kg, N1- 100 kg, N2- 150 kg, N3- 200 kg N/ha), laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatment S4N3 (45 cm x 60 cm spacing + N 200 kg/ha) recorded the maximum plant spread (2643.24 cm2), number of primary branches per plant (41.90), number of leaves per plant (1013.20), leaf width (3.85 cm), leaf length (6.34 cm), number of flowers per plant (98.24), flower yield per plant (605.48g), duration of flowering (64.33 days), fresh flower weight (6.16 g), dry weight of flower (883 mg), flower diameter (6.18 cm) and nitrogen content of plants (7.02%), while the treatment S1N3 (30 cm x 30 cm spacing + N 200 kg/ha) had the maximum plant height (92.58 cm), flower yield per plot (11.85 kg), flower yield per ha (182.87 q) and B:C ratio (3.71:1). Application of nitrogen levels and planting geometries significantly influenced the number of days taken for first flower bud appearance and 50 percent flowering with the earliest first flower bud appearance (47.33 days) and 50 percent flowering (64.83 days) at S1 (30 cm x 30 cm spacing), similarly nitrogen at N0 (N 0 kg/ha) had the earliest first flower bud appearance (46.75 days) and 50 per cent flowering (63.25 days), while nitrogen at N3 (200 kg/ha) had the latest first flower bud appearance (55.33 days) and 50 per cent flowering (69.42 days).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Growing Conditions on Rhizogenesis of Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Cuttings
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2015-07-07) JAREDA, DILEEP SINGH; Moond, S.K.
    An experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2013-14 to study “Effect of plant growth regulators and growing conditions on rhizogenesis of Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) cuttings” at the College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar. The experiment consisted of 26 treatment combinations of four levels (25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) of each of NAA and IBA, alone and in combination along with two growing conditions (open field and 75% shade-net), laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. The treatment T26 (NAA 100 ppm + IBA 100 ppm + 75% shade net) recorded the least number of days to sprouting (12.5), maximum number of leaves per cutting (16.9), longest length of roots (7.93 cm), highest percentage of cuttings sprouted (97.0%) and the highest field survival of rooted cuttings (92.4%), whereas the treatment T22 (IBA 200 ppm + 75% shade-net) recorded the least number of days taken for root initiation (16.1), maximum number of primary roots per cutting (23.2), number of primary roots having secondary roots (14.1) and the highest percentage of cuttings rooted (96.0) along with the highest B:C (1.35:1) ratio. Whereas, the control (T1) recorded the most delayed sprouting (15.4 days), minimum number of leaves per cutting (9.16), shortest length of roots (4.53 cm), lowest percentage of cuttings sprouted (70.1%), field survival of rooted cuttings (79.5%), most delayed root initiation (21.4 days), minimum number of primary roots per cutting (14.9), number of primary roots having secondary roots (7.46) and the lowest percentage of cuttings rooted (70.0%) along with the lowest B:C (0.62:1) ratio.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of foliar application of boron, zinc and iron on growth and yield of gynoecious cucumber var. Kian
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2016-12-31) PATIDAR, DHARMENDRA KUMAR; Maurya, I. B.
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of foliar application of boron, zinc and iron on growth and yield of gynoecious cucumber var. Kian” was conducted during Kharif, 2014 under naturally ventilated polyhouse at the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar. The experiment comprised of twenty seven treatment combinations consisting of three levels of boron (0, 20 and 40 ppm), three levels of zinc (0, 20 and 40 ppm) and three levels of iron (0, 40 and 80 ppm) in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments were sprayed twice at 25 and 45 DAS. The observations were recorded on 14 growth and yield attributes namely i.e. days to anthesis of first female flower, node number at which first female flower appeared, number of branches per plant at 45 and 90 DAS, vine length at 60 DAS and final harvest, chlorophyll (a) content of leaves at 30, 60 and 90 DAS (mg/100gm), chlorophyll (b) content of leaves at 30, 60 and 90 DAS (mg/100gm), number of aborted flower (%), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), average fruit weight (gm), volume of fruit (cc), number of fruits per plant, days to maturity of fruit and yield per plant (kg), Higher level micronutrients influenced significantly the most of the characters when they were applied alone or in combinations. Application of micronutrients (Boron, Zinc and Iron) at their high concentration influenced significantly the most of the growth and yield attributes when they were used alone or in combination. The treatment combination B2Zn2Fe2 (Boron at 40 ppm + Zinc at 40 ppm + Iron at 80 ppm) was found economical as it gave maximum yield (5.62 kg./plant), maximum net return ( 498.67/m2) and B : C ratio (4.71). Further, this treatment increased the fruit length (14.10 cm), fruit diameter (3.40 cm), average fruit weight (130.33g), volume of fruit (135.43cc), number of fruits per plant (43.13), reduced the number of days required to fruit maturity (38.83) and number of aborted flower (68.24 %) over control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of biofertilizers and growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) cv. Pusa Paushja
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2017-12-13) Meena, Manoj Kumar; Aravindakshan, Kavita
    A field experiment entitled “Effect of biofertilizers and growth regulators on growth yield and quality of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) cv. Pusa Paushja” was conducted during Rabi season, 2016-17 at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. The experiment consisting 15 treatment combinations with two factors i.e. biofertilizers with three levels (control, PSB and mycorrhiza) and growth regulators with five levels (control, GA3 50 ppm, GA3 100 ppm, NAA 50 ppm and NAA 100 ppm) was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications each. The individual application of biofertilizer treatment B2 (mycorrhiza) recorded maximum plant height (63.02 cm), numbers of leaves per plant (22.83), length of stem (8.96 cm), minimum days taken to 50 per cent curd initiation (33.20), days taken to 50 per cent marketable curd size (59.35), maximum chlorophyll content in leaves at 45 DAT (0.45 mg g-1), harvestable mass per plant (1520.29 g), curd diameter (14.00 cm), curd weight per plant (766.67 g), yield per plot (9.08 kg), estimated yield per hectare (20.18 t), ascorbic acid (55.98 mg/100g), TSS (7.20 0Brix) and crude protein (2.87 per cent) as compared to control. The maximum NPK content in soil after harvest (373.13, 24.78 and 256.68 kg/ha), maximum net returned (Rs. 102573/ha) and B: C ratio (1.81) were recorded under treatment B2 (mycorrhiza) as compared to control. Similarly, the individual application growth regulator treatment G3 (GA3 50 ppm) gave maximum plant height (64.58 cm), number of leaves per plant (24.05), length of stem (9.39 cm), minimum days taken to 50 per cent curd initiation (32.48), days taken to 50 per cent marketable curd size (58.32), maximum chlorophyll content in leaves at 45 DAT (0.45 mg g-1), harvestable mass per plant (1544.76 g), curd diameter (14.76 cm), curd weight per plant (816.67 g), yield per plot (9.59 kg), estimated yield per hectare (21.32 t), ascorbic acid (57.08 mg/100g), TSS (7.54 0Brix) and crude protein (3.13 per cent) as compared to control. In term ofnet return the individual application of growth regulators G3 (GA3 50 ppm) exhibited maximum net return (Rs. 132662/ha) and B: C ratio (2.26) as compared to control. Further, the interaction effect of application of biofertilizer and growth regulator had significant effect on growth and yield over control. The maximum plant height (65.91 cm), number of leaves per plant (24.45), stem length (9.78 cm), minimum days taken to 50 per cent curd initiation (31.57), days taken to 50 per cent marketable curd size (55.85), maximum chlorophyll content in leaves at 45 DAT (0.48 mg g-1), harvestable mass per plant (1685.10 g), curd diameter (15.67 cm), curd weight per plant (850 g), yield per plot (9.72 kg), estimated yield per hectare (21.60 t), net return (Rs. 137016/ha) and B: C ratio (2.28) was recorded with treatment B2G3 (mycorrhiza and GA3 50 ppm) as compare to control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Genetic Variability and Varietal Performance of Standard Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) Under Ecological Condition of Sub-Humid Zone of Rajasthan
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2017-12-31) PATIL, SUSHMA; Mishra, Ashutosh
    A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016-17 (July to February) on the title “Evaluation of Genetic Variability and Varietal Performance of Standard Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) Under Ecological Condition of Sub-Humid Zone of Rajasthan at the Instructional Farm, Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar. The experiment consisted of 15 varieties ‘BC-1-123’, ‘Shova’, ‘Accession No-24’, ‘Pink Cloud’, ‘Lalima’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Jaya’, Ravikiran’, ‘Jafri’, ‘Shyamal’, ‘Pusa Chitraksha’, ‘White Star’, ‘Pusa Kesari’, ‘Thai Chung Queen’ ‘Pusa Arunodaya’ which laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The variety ‘White Star’ was found to be superior with respect to highest plant height (56.67 cm), maximum number of leaves per plant (259.00), highest stem thickness (1.38 cm), maximum fresh flower weight (18.14 g), largest flower diameter (11.92 cm), highest stalk diameter (0.38 cm), longest stalk length (28.52 cm) and maximum duration of flowering (61.00 days). ‘Thai Chung Queen’ recorded highest vase life (18.00 days), in-situ life (21.67 days) and ray florets per flower (286.67). The early flower bud appearance (84.01) and minimum number of days taken to full bloom (94.40) was recorded in ‘Jaya’. The late flower bud appearance (113.68), more number of days taken to full bloom (129.55), highest number of cut flowers per plant (47.67), maximum number of cut flowers per plot (1340.83) and highest number of leaves per plant (260.33) was recorded in ‘Pusa Chitraksha’. ‘Shyamal’ recorded the highest plant spread (39.73 cm), whereas ‘Lalima’ was found to be inferior among all other varieties. ‘White Star’, ‘Thai Chung Queen’, Pusa Kesari’, ‘Ravikiran’ was recorded a maximum flower diameter and stalk length and these varieties were found to be superior with respect to all other varieties of standard chrysanthemum. High heritability with high values of genetic advance as per cent mean was recorded for number of leaves per plant, leaf area, number of cut flowers per plant, number of cut flowers perplot, fresh flower weight, stalk length, stalk diameter and number of ray florets. These characters offer scope for their improvement by applying selection pressure in breeding programme. Stalk length is significantly and positively correlated with plant height, plant spread, number of leaves per plant, fresh flower weight, flower diameter, stalk diameter and vase life. Flower diameter is significantly positively correlated with stalk length, fresh flower weight, flower yield per plant, flower yield per plot and stalk diameter indicating improvement of these traits will directly influence the yield of flowers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on heterosis and combining ability in ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.]
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2017-12-31) G E, Sachin; Maurya, I. B.
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on heterosis and combining ability in ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.]” conducted during rainy season, 2016 at Protected Cultivation unit of the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Nine diverse parents were crossed in a diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) for generating the 36 F1 hybrids. All the nine parents, 36 hybrids and one standard check were grown in a randomized block design with three replications. Observation were recorded on 14 characters viz., days to anthesis of first male flower, days to anthesis of first female flower, node number at which first male flower appeared, node number at which first female flower appeared, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), fruit weight (g), days to fruit harvesting, number of ridges per fruit, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant (kg), fruiting period, dry matter (%) and total soluble solids (°brix). The data were subjected to analysis of variance, heterosis and combining ability variances and effects for each character. The analysis of variance indicated significant variability present among the parents and hybrids for all 14 characters. Parents vs hybrids was also significant for all the traits except fruit width. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that mean square due to gca and sca were significant for all characters. The ratio of σ2 gca/ σ2sca was lesser than one for all character, thereby indicating preponderance of non-additive gene action for of these traits. On the basis of gca effects and per se performance, parent JRG-2 and Sathputia were recorded as the best general combiners for all the characters including yield. In general, the parents, which have the best per se performance, were also the best general combiners indicating a positive association between these two parameters. Specific combining ability effects of crosses revealed that six crosses showed significant sca effects for total yield per plant and for eight crosses for number of fruits per plant. Based on sca and per se performance, the best crosses for yield per plant was Pusa Nutan × Sathputia and JRG-2 × Swarna Upahar. The extent of heterosis based on the three best crosses for total yield per plant ranged from 78.41 - 151.85 over mid parent; 87.94 - 139.89 over better parent; 78.54 - 89.34 over check variety revealed that there is a great scope of realizing higher yield in ridge gourd through heterosis breeding. ` Six and ten hybrids showed the significant and positive heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for total fruit yield per plant, respectively. The cross combination Pusa Nutan × Sathputia registered the highest fruit yield and also found heterotic for many characters including earliness.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Genetic Variability and Varietal Performance of Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.)
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2016-12-31) SINGH, DHARA; Mishra, Ashutosh
    A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2014-15 to study “Evaluation of Genetic Variability and Varietal Performance of Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridusHort.)” at the Instructional Farm, Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar. The experiment consisted of 12 varieties „African Star‟, „Arti‟, „Darshan‟, „Friendship‟, „Hunting Song‟, „Legend‟, „Pusa Srijana‟,„Pusa Kiran‟, „Snow Princess‟, „Sunayana‟, „Trader Horn‟ and „Urmi‟ laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The variety „Trader Horn‟ was found superior for number of leaves per plant (9.75), plant height (137.09 cm), spike length (123.38 cm), floret diameter (10.93 cm), duration of flowering (16.17 days), number of florets per spike (20.08) and number of cormels per plant (70.83). The „Legend‟ was noted best yielding variety in respect to, maximum number of spikes (37.0) per plot, number of corms per plant (2.50), number of corms per plot (37.67), sprouts per corm (2.67) and B:C ratio(2.18). The maximum vase life was observed in „Darshan‟ (17.56 days) and maximum number of florets remaining open at a time in vase was observed in „Hunting Song‟ (6.78 florets). These characters may be considered by breeder for breeding program. High heritability with high values of genetic advance was observed for weight of cormels / plant, number of cormels / plant, rachis length, spike length, weight of corm and number of spikes / plot. Spike length had high positive association with rachis length, floret diameter, spike diameter, duration of flowering, number of florets / spike, number of cormels / plant, diameter of corm, weight of corm, weight of cormels / plant, size index of corms and number of florets remain open at a time in vase.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Drying Techniques and Embedding Media on Dried Flower Quality of Rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq.) and Water Lily (Nymphaea alba L.)
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2017-12-31) KUMARI, RENUKA; Moond, S. K.
    On the basis of findings of the present experiment the following conclusion may be drawn. Out of the 22 treatments studied, dehydration of flowers in microwave oven for 3 minutes and 4 minutes with silica gel embedding recorded the maximum pigment content in dried flowers of rose (1.21 mg/g) with minimum pigment loss (20.27 %) and the highest B:C ratio of 0.41 in rose and 0.70 in water lily. Sensory scores for colour (8.13 and 7.95), shape (8.57 and 7.87) and overall acceptability (8.23 and 7.90) of dried flowers of rose and water lily were also highest with microwave oven drying for 3 minutes with silica gel embedding. Therefore, on the basis of results of present experiment it may be concluded that dehydration of flowers of rose and water lily can be done in microwave oven for 3 minutes with silica gel embedding for getting good quality dried flowers.