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Central Agricultural University, Pasighat
The Central Agricultural University has been established by an act of Parliament, the Central Agricultural University Act, 1992 (No.40 of 1992). The Act came into effect on 26th January, 1993 with the issue of notification by the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Govt. of India. The University became functional with the joining of first Vice-Chancellor on 13th September, 1993. The jurisdiction of the University extends to six North-Eastern Hill States viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim and Tripura, with headquarters at Imphal in Manipur.
College of Horticulture & Forestry, a constituent College of the Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, was established on 7th March 2001 at Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh on the bank of beautiful river Siang.
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Genetic Variability and Seed Protein Profiling of Capsicum species in the North Eastern Region of India.(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat -791102 Central Agricultural University (Imphal), 2022-09-14) Semba, Senjem; Dev, Chandra; Bhutia, Nangsol DolmaAnalysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean were observed for plant height, no. of seed per fruit, number of fruit per plant and ascorbic acid in all the species taken under study. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the character no. of fruit per plant showed maximum positive direct effect followed by fruit weight atphenotypic level in these species. Path co-efficient analysis revealed that the character no. of fruit per plant showed maximum positive direct effect followed by fruit weight at genotypic levelin King chilli and bird’s eye chilli. Similarly path analysis revealed that the character chlorophyll contentshowed maximum positive direct effect followed by no. of fruit per plant for common chilli at genotypic level. Genetic diversity was assessed by using D2statistic for 15 genotypes of King chilli. 15 genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters. Cluster analysis for 15 genotypes revealed that cluster III i.e. genotype C-4, C-7 and C-2 were found more divergent.Genetic diversity was assessed by using D2statistic for 10 genotypes of bird’s eye chilli. Cluster analysis among 10 genotypes revealed that cluster IV with genotype C-20 was found the most divergent. Cluster analysis among 15 common chilli genotype were assessed and revealed that, Cluster II with genotype C-33, C-38,C-39, C-37, C-26,C-34 and C-29 were found more divergent. Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed considerable variation in protein band numbers in all the threespecies studied.The genotypes C-3 was most distantly related to C-12 in King chilli. The genotype C-23 was most distantly related to C-20 in bird’s eye chilli. C-33 was most distantly related to C-38 in common chilli.Hence, it is recommended that these genotypes could be utilized for crossing programme to create more genetic diversity. SDS-PAGE marker data provided more sub groupings and revealed higher amount of diversity as compared to morphological dataThesisItem Open Access : Characterization and Estimation of Nutritional and Anti nutritional Components of Underutilized Vegetables of North East India(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2022-04-26) Ramjan, Mohammad; Dev, C.; Sarma, P.Based on fruit morpholgical attributes, Canavellia gladiata recorded highest fruit length (25.54 ± 0.09 cm) followed by Leucaena leucocephala (12.07 ± 0.49 cm). The maximum fruit width (6.60 ± 0.22 cm) and weight (183.3 ± 2.05 g) was observed in Sechium edule. Based on leaf morphological attributes, Colocasia esculenta was recorded highest leaf size and weight under study. In case of nutritional composition, Solanum macrocarpum was found to be good source of total carbohydrates (9.54 ± 0.081 %), Riboflavin (81.19 ± 0.002 mg/ 100 g) and vitamin C (120.87 ± 0.125 mg/ 100 g). Momordicha cochinchinesis exhibited higher methionine (24.9 ± 0.046 µg/g), soluble protein (1.47 ± 0.054 g/100 g), crude protein (5.69 ± 0.249 %), Vitamin A (345.60 ± 0.023 mg/100 g), Vitamin B1 (0.08 ± 0.081), calcium (2.26 ± 0.205 %) and magnesium (1.30 ± 0.698 %). Momordicha muricata was recorded rich in cellulose content (262.33 ± 0.020 mg/100 g), total chlorophyll (10.51± 0.060 mg/ 100 g) and iron (10.67 ± 0.016 mg/ 100 g). Cyphomandra betacea was found good in reducing sugar (2.57± 0.014 %), total carotenoid (10.87 ± 0.040) and total flavonoid (75.19 ± 0.069 mg/100 g). Solanum indicum (45.94 ± 0.012 %) showed good source of anti oxidant activity. Whereas in case of leafy vegetable species, cellulose content (275.33 ± 0.101mg/ 100g), vitamin A (263.33 ± 0.005 mg/100 g) and antioxidant (59.57 ± 0.000 %) observed in Clerodendrum colebrookianum. Sauropus androgynus was found rich in total free amino acid (996.67 ± 0.052 mg/100 g), soluble protein (2.75 ± 0.062 g/100 g), thiamine (0.10 ± 0.011 mg/ 100 g), vitamin C (87.57 ± 0.266 mg/100 g) and total chlorophyll (71.34 ± 0.453 mg/ 100 g) where as Sida acuta was recorded rich in reducing sugar (1.95 ± 0.004 %) and calcium (2.80 ± 0.170 %) while, Colocasia esculenta was recorded maxiumum for starch (1231.1 ± 0.052 mg/ 100 g) and sodium (28.7 ± 0.67 ppm). Maximum radical scavenging activity content was observed in Clerodendrum colebrookianum (59.57 ± 0.00 %) followed by Hibiscus sabdariffa (55.65 ± 0.00 %). Based on Antinutrtional factors, Canavellia gladiata was recorded maximum phenols (507.22 ± 0.004 mg/ 100 g). Highest tannin (95.55 ± 0.052 mg/100 g) and cynogen (1.40 ± 0.001 mg/ 100 g) were observed in Cyphomandra betacea. Solanum torvum recorded highest phytic acid (5.62 ± 0.006 mg/100 g) and Momordicha muricata recorded higher total alkaloid (67.90 ± 0.005 mg/100 g). Based on leafy vegetable species, Eryngium foetidum was found highest for total phenol (733.33 ± 0.004 mg/ 100 g). Maximum tannins (97.57 ± 0.003 mg/ 100 g), phytic acid (5.23 ± 0.006 mg/ 100 g), cyanogen (2.00 ± 0.003 mg/ 100), oxalate (374.0 ± 0.993 mg/ 100 g) and alkaloid (75.18 ± 0.284 mg/100 g) were found in Houttuynia cordata, Spilanthes acmella, Diplazium esculentum, Colocasia esculenta and Solanum spirale respectively. The result indicated that all the fruit vegetable and leafy vegetable species possessed varying in nutritional and antinutritional compositionsThesisItem Open Access : Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Micro-nutrients on Fruiting and Quality Attributes of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2021-09-09) Oyinti, Megu; Hazarika, B.N.; Wangchu, L.In regard to morphological attributes, ZnSO4 applied @ 0.4% resulted in maximum per cent increase in plant height and canopy spread, i.e. 5.78% and 6.65% respectively. Whereas, application of Borax @ 0.4% exhibited maximum per cent increase in plant girth (8.72%). With respect to physical parameters of fruit and yield component, application of borax @ 0.4% resulted in maximum fruit set (43.76%), number of fruits per tree (1128.67), fruit yield (25.11 kg/tree), fruit size (36.95 mm), weight of fruit (22.24 g), weight of aril (15.65 g), content of juice (10.42 ml) and least cracking of litchi fruit (5.08%), seed size (16.55 mm), seed weight (2.48 g) and peel weight (2.83 g). Lowest fruit drop percentage (60.91%) was however caused by application of ZnSO4 @ 0.4%. With regard to shelf-life studies, foliar spray of GA3 @ 15 ppm caused minimum physiological loss in weight (11.28%), per cent rotting (4.67%) but resulted in maximum recorded number of days on shelf in room temperature in open condition (2.95 days), in paper bags (3.78 days) and in polythene bags (4.28 days). Application of ZnSO4 @ 0.4% resulted in maximum organoleptic properties. In respect of bio-chemical attributes, borax applied @ 0.4% resulted in highest total soluble solids (18.02°Brix), total sugar (20.92%), red. sugar (12.19%) and ascor. acid (36.75 mg/100 ml). From present study it can be inferred that the foliar application of borax and ZnSO4 @ 0.4% respectively proved to significantly influence better fruiting, yield and quality attributes of litchi.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Micronutrient on Seed Production of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench](College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2021-02-23) Kumar, Vikash; Dev, Chandra; Sarma, P.The result revealed that growth, yield, seed quality, biochemical and nutrient attributing characters were significantly influenced by the application of growth regulators and micronutrients. In case of growth regulators most of the growth, yield, quality of seed, biochemical and nutrient parameters of plant were found highest with treatment P4 (GA3-100 ppm) which was followed by P2 (NAA-100 ppm). Whereas, in case of micronutrients the highest growth, yield, quality of seed, biochemical and nutrient parameters of plant were recorded with treatment M5 (Borax-1.0%) which was followed by zinc sulphate-1.0% and borax- 1.5%. It has been observed that increasing micronutrient concentrations from 0.5% to 1.0% improves the different observation but it shows negative effect when concentrations increase from 1.0% to 1.5%. Interaction of growth regulators and micronutrients also significantly influenced the different observation parameters of okra. Among different treatment combinations the highest growth, yield, quality of seed, biochemical and nutrient parameters of plant were recorded with the treatment combination of GA3-100 ppm + borax- 1.0% (P4M5). It has also seen that combine application of growth regulators and micronutrients have superior value as compared to individual application of treatments. All the parameters recorded significantly lowest under control treatment As far as economics of cultivation is concerned the highest seed yield (18.84 q ha-1) and green fruit yield (1007.33 kg ha-1) with net income of Rs.297631.43 ha-1 along with benefit cost ratio of 3.34 was obtained by P4M5 (GA3- 100ppm + Borax- 1.0%). Hence considering the positive effect of growth regulators and micronutrients on growth, yield, seed quality, biochemical and nutrient parameters of plant P4M5 can be considered as the best for adopting at the field level to reap good economic yield with better quality seed and high net return.ThesisItem Open Access Screening of Pea (Pisumsativum L.) Genotypes and Ameliorative Effect of Nutrient and Salicylic Acid against Aluminium Toxicity(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2021-02-13) Ansari, Md. Talha; Sarma, Pranabjyoti; Mailappa, A. S.The screening wascarried out undertwo conditions, control laboratory environment andnaturally ventilated polyhouse maintaining 25 pea genotypes at 3 levels of Al (control, 12 ppm and 24 ppm). Different genotypes of pea plants were grown in pots filled with aluminium treated soil. In polyhouse, screening was carried out using growth characters, root tolerance index and yield parameters. Under laboratorycondition, genotypes were grown in tray filled with inert sand and the treatment was given through Hoagland media. Screening was performed using growth characters, root tolerance index andhaematoxylin staining. K-mean clustering was carried out to categorize genotypes into tolerant, intermediate and susceptible. After evaluation, amongst the 25 genotypes, Kashi Samrath and Kashi Samridhi revealed astolerant and Matar Ageta-7, Pb-89, AP 3, and CHFGP-16 as susceptible.Four representative genotypes, Kashi Samrath and Kashi Samridhi as tolerant and Matar Ageta-7 and AP-3 as susceptible were used for studying the enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidative defense mechanism against Al tolerance and also influence of Al on soil properties. The Al treatment had significant influenceon soil properties. Drastic decrease in the pH and availability of NPK was observed that induced significant negative effect on overall plant growth. The influence of Al was depicted among the sensitive pea genotypes (Matar Ageta-7 and AP-3) by producing significant reduction in plant growth and yield. Despite deterioration of soil properties, there was no significant effect on growth and yield of tolerant genotype viz.Kashi Samrath and Kashi Samridhi. The mechanism of Al tolerance of pea genotypes revealed less accumulation of Al, low reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, high Mg uptake, accumulation of proline and catalase in roots exhibiting healthy growth performance. The finding suggested enhancement of enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidative capacity and balanced nutrient uptake in pea genotypes that in turn lead to the tolerance against Al toxicity. The Ca, P, Mg and salicylic acid in the growth medium of pea seedlings enhance the combating effects against Al induced oxidative damage serving as the potential ameliorating agents to overcome Al toxicity in for the healthy growth of pea. Among all the treatments, the application of the 0.5 mM P under Al stress appeared a potential tool in restoring the growth and physiological activities in sensitive pea genotype (AP 3) indicating the best ameliorating agent.ThesisItem Open Access : Morphological Studies and Nutritional Profiling of Important Underutilized Fruit Crops of North-east region(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2020-11-03) Angami, Thejangulie; Wangchu, L.; Sarma, P.To execute and explore the hidden potential of underutilized fruit crops in terms of nutritional values with the objective to strengthen the nutritional security and to bring out a standard food composition database. The present investigation was carried out to study the fruit morphology and nutrient content to acquire information on its physical characteristics, nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions of forty four (44) underutilized fruit species endemic to the north-east India. In regard to morphological attributes, Dillenia indica recorded the highest fruit weight (407.00 ± 8.24 g) followed by Citrus medica (345.40 ± 10.62 g), both apparently resulting in higher fruit volume (373.33 ± 9.43 ml) and (313.33 ± 9.43 ml) respectively. The maximum fruit length (15.50 ± 0.75 cm) and breadth (10.35 ± 0.05 cm) were also observed in Citrus medica and Dillenia indica. The maximum seed weight (16.94 ± 1.25 g), seed length (4.06 ± 0.15 cm) and seed breadth (2.92 ± 0.03 cm) were found in Spondias pinnata. Dillenia indica recorded the highest number of seeds per fruit (148.83 ± 4.09) as well as highest pulp weight (350.95 ± 8.24 g). Both the Rubus species i.e. Rubus rosifolius and Rubus ellipticus exhibited the highest pulp percentage (98.12 ± 0.48) and (97.65 ± 0.53). The maximum peel weight (288.71 ± 8.62 g) as well as peel thickness (2.08 ± 0.17 cm) was observed in Citrus medica resulting in lowest pulp percentage (15.32 ± 0.23). Highest dry matter (77.20 ± 0.39%) was found in Castanopsis hystrix. Pertaining to nutritional compositions, Elaeagnus umbellata was found to be high in TSS content (24.50 ± 0.41 °Brix), free fatty acid (67.79 ± 1.75 mg KOH/g) as well as rich source of vitamin A (136.22 ± 1.44 mg/100 g) i.e. (4536.02 ± 48.07 IU). Calamus tenuis exhibited the highest titratable acidity (14.41 ± 1.05%). Terminalia chebula was found to be a good source of reducing sugar (8.38 ± 0.07%) and total flavonoid (445.20 ± 1.18 mg/100 g). Spondias pinnata was found to be rich in total carbohydrate (12.51 ± 0.22%) as well as vitamin C (74.16 ± 5.33 mg/100 g). Castanopsis hystrix was found to exhibit highest starch (1764.84 ± 8.85 mg/100 g) as well as cellulose (711.62 ± 7.68 mg/100 g). Total free amino acid (206.67 ± 8.22 mg/100 g) and crude protein (9.92 ± 0.29%) was found maximum in Viburnum foetidum. Pigments viz. chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin were found maximum in Phoebe cooperiana (0.47 to 0.01 mg/g), Rhus semialata (19.10 ± 0.29 mg/100 g) and Prunus nepalensis (269.01 ± 5.23 mg/100 g) respectively. Highest vitamin B1 (0.22 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) and E (52.53 ± 0.51 mg/100 g) were recorded in Rubus rosifolius and Garcinia lanceifolia. Artocarpus lakoocha was found to be a good source of antioxidant activity (84.58 ± 2.38%) closely followed by Spondias pinnata (84.09 ± 0.62%). Machilus edulis possessed highest fat content (36.44 ± 1.23%) resulting in highest energy (372.71 ± 9.92 Kcal/100 g). With regard to antinutritional factors, Canarium strictum exhibited the highest phenols (902.00 ± 5.72 mg/100 g). Maximum tannins (1059.33 ± 17.46 mg/100 g) and alkaloids (274.27 ± 6.31 mg/100 g) were found in Terminalia chebula and Streblus asper. It was observed that the species Castanopsis hystrix and Viburnum foetidum exhibited higher content of cyanogen (31.04 ± 1.28 mg/100 g) and phytic acid (10.64 ± 0.30 mg/100 g) respectively. The result indicated that all the fruit species studied possessed varying contents in nutritional and antinutritional compositions.
