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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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20194
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End date: 2019 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LOW COST MULTIPURPOSE GREENHOUSE FOR DRYING OF TOMATO
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Tigga, Suman; Rai, Pramod
    Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a highly seasonal, perishable and available in large quantities during peak season of production. It is an important vegetable for human consumption because of its vitamins and minerals content that provide the basic human nutritional requirements. There are various techniques of extending shelf life of tomato and dehydration is one of the important process by which tomatoes are preserved. The greenhouse is an enclosed structure and inside temperature is more than open field and can be used as direct solar dryer. The low cost multipurpose greenhouse (MGH) was used for drying of without blanched & blanched tomato under full and half ventilation condition. The construction cost of low cost MGH was around Rs 290/m2. The environmental parameters temperature & RH under full ventilation and temperature, RH & air velocity under half ventilation was recorded during drying of tomato. All the environmental parameters were measured at 1 h interval. The initial moisture content of fresh tomato was found to be 93.3% - 94.4 % (w. b.) and the blanching was done by dipping the cut tomato in sodium metabisulphite solution (6%) for blanching time of 5 minutes. The temperature & RH measured at full ventilation under MGH was found to be 3°C to 8.5°C more than open field condition and RH was found to be 5% to 7% lower than open field. The temperature variation at different location measured at along the length, width & height inside the MGH and the highest temperature was found to along the height at the 2.7 m. The final moisture content of dried tomato samples was around 11% (w. b) and the drying time of tomato at full ventilation for without blanched & blanched under open field condition is 29 h & 20 h whereas under MGH condition for without blanched & blanched tomato is 28.5 h & 19.5 h. The shrinkage ratio, rehydration ratio & dehydration ratio of dehydrated tomato under full ventilation were varied between 13.5 to 14.48, 1.7 to 1.8 & 12.68 to 13.3 respectively. The sensory evaluation was performed using Hedonic-rating test of 5- point scale and the blanched tomato dried under MGH was found to be best in comparison to open field. The MGH is used for drying of tomato apart from cultivation & cost efficient than stand alone greenhouse solar dryer constructed only for drying purpose.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF A MANUALLY OPERATED RICE TRANSPLANTER
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) MISHRA, ANMOL KUMAR; Kumar, Uttam
    cultivation. However manual rice transplanting is labour-intensive, time consuming, tiresome and results in non-uniform distribution of seedlings. Mechanical transplanting is an alternative to manual transplanting, in terms of timeliness of operation, reduction of drudgery and low cost of operation. Fragmentation of land into smaller plots further limits free movement of the machines. However, farmers of the state uses root wash type seedlings for transplanting. Therefore, there is a need to develop a rice transplanter suitable for small land holding with low cost. In order to develop manually operated rice transplanter the four bar linkage of the commercially available root washed type hand crank transplanter was analyzed and incorporated in the transplanting mechanism. The developed manual paddy transplanter consists of seedling picking mechanism, transplanting mechanism, power transmission system, seedling tray with frame, handle and float. The developed transplanter was evaluated at laboratory as well as at field condition. The effective field capacity of the transplanter was 0.026 ha/h at an operating speeds of 0.82 km/h. The average height of the seedlings was 197.82 mm, 235.78 mm, 280.50 mm, and 340.60 mm for 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 days old seedlings, respectively. Average hill-to-hill spacing, average number of seedlings per hill and average depth of planting were 195.09 mm, 4.12 and 56.88 mm, respectively. Average missing hills, floating hills and visible damage of the transplanter were 11 %, 9 %, 11% and 10 %, respectively. Cost of transplanting by the transplanter was Rs 4,007/ha whereas by manual transplanting it was Rs 12,540/ha, thus there is a saving of Rs 8,533/ha. The performance of the machine was found satisfactory.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANIMAL DRAWN MULTI CROP SEED-CUM-FERTILIZER DRILL
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Hapadgara, Roshan; Kumar, Uttam
    Draught animal power is one of the major farm power sources of Jharkhand state. Bullock is one of the cheapest sources of draught power for all kinds of agricultural operations in Jharkhand because large agricultural machines like tractor and power tiller are neither practicable nor economically viable due to poor financial condition of farmers and fragmented land holdings. Considering the draught animal size as well land holding capacity of farmers of Jharkhand state, an animal drawn multi crop seed-cum-fertilizer drill has been developed. The seed drill was evaluated in laboratory as well as in field condition on wheat, horse gram, upland rice and black gram crops. The average draft and power requirement of the developed seed-cum-fertilizer drill was 416.74 N and 0.372 kW, respectively. The average effective field capacity and field efficiency of the developed seed-cum-fertilizer drill were 0.069 ha/h and 65.9%, respectively at an average speed of 2.37 km/h for sowing of wheat crop. The cost of operation for sowing of wheat by developed animal drawn seed-cum-fertilizer drill was Rs 790.4/ ha where as by existing animal drawn birsa seed drill (1442.9 Rs/ha) and sowing behind plough (2286 Rs/ha). Thus, there is a saving of amount Rs 1498/ ha with the developed seed drill. The machine is suitable for sowing of upland rice, wheat, black gram, horse gram and such other small seed. The performance of the machine was found satisfactory.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON DEHYDRATION OF GREEN CHILLI
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Bodra, Niman; Ansari, I.A.
    Dehydration is used to increase the shelf life of fruits and vegetables by minimizing moisture mediated undesirable changes. In this study, green chilli was used for dehydration to increase the shelf life with acceptable quality attributes. The experiments were conducted according to Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The pre-drying treatment conditions and dehydration conditions were optimized by using response surface methodology. The samples of green chilli were treated with concentration of potassium metabisulphite (0.5-1.5%) at blanching time of 0.5 to 2.5 min in boiling water before drying. The response variables taken were rehydration ratio and visual colour. The optimum values of concentration of potassium metabisulphite and blanching time were found to be 0.7 % and 1.5 min respectively. The optimized values of pre-treatment conditions were used for dehydration of green chilli. The optimization of process variables were also carried out for dehydration of green chillies. Blanched green chilli samples of size (5 mm -15 mm) were dehydrated in a hot air oven at air temperature of 50⁰C - 70⁰C. The response variables selected were drying time, rehydration ratio and visual colour. The optimized value of drying air temperature and size were found to be 53 ⁰C and 13.5 mm at desirability value of 0.60. At this optimum operating condition, the drying time, value of rehydration ratio and visual colour were found to be 5.23 hours, 5.68 and 1.55 respectively. The dehydrated samples were packaged in LDPE, PET and laminated film and stored at room temperature for storage study. Green chilli samples were evaluated based on sensory score for visual colour and texture, and water activity and moisture absorption during storage. Since no appreciable change in quality parameters was found after 28 days of storage period stored in PET and laminated film, dehydrated green chilli was found to be acceptable.