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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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1990 - 1999206
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End date: 1999 × Start date: 1990 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Factors Shares and Farm Income Distribution on Different sizes Of Farms In Gola Block Of Hazaribagh District
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Mrityunjay Kumar Bhagtia; B.K.Singh
    The last few decades have brought a perceptible transformation in agriculture in India. This transformation has been known as green revolution, characterized by chemical –biological mechanical innovation that have rapidly increased output and total farm income, with impressive growth in agriculture. Wider application of new farm technology has revolutionized the traditional farming in many part of the country to a business enterprises, finding high yielding verities, particularly wheat and paddy, more profitable than local one. Farmers of many parts of the country adopted them rapidly and this led to a perceptible increase in their farm income. The present study aims at finding the shares of four different factors namely farm size, human labour and capital in total farm income on different sizes of farms (small, medium and large) on the sample villages of Gota Block of Hazaribagh district. It also aims at findings the inequality in distribution of farm income on different size groups of farms taken together arising due to differential adoption of new farm technologies, size of holdings, cultivation practices, financial status etc. The results obtained from this study revealed that paddy was the most important crop of the region for all size group of farms. The share of local and high yielding varieties under paddy were 27.56 and 32.98 per cent for large farms, 28.89 and 33.84 per cent for medium farms and 45.89 and 19.98 for small farms in the cropl year 1997-98. The cropping intensities of different size groups of farms were also different and it were 140.33 for large farms, 143.49 for medium farms and 183.73 for small farms. The analysis of factor shares indicated that for all size Group of farms, size of holding had maximum contribution on gross return of the farm i.e. 33.97 per cent for large, 37.55 per cent for medium and 42.34 per cent for small size groups of farms. Second highest contributors in gross return were capital (25.11%) for large farms, human labour for both medium (27.16 %) and small (29.43%) size groups of farms. The third contributors were human labour for large farms (21.31%), capital for medium farms (19.41%) and bullock labour for small farms (14.99%). The analysis of factor ratios indicated that large farms were more capital intensive and less labour intensive where as small farms were more labour intensive e and less capital intensive. Medium farms lied some where between these two which can be revealed best by their respective capital/labour ratios i.e. 2.96 for large farms, 2.57 for medium farms and 2.09 for small farms. This was the reason why the large farms got proportionally more income than medium and small size groups of farms. Further, the inequality in distribution of farm income, as it was found from analysis of data, was due to skewness in size of holding (29.40%), interaction of size of holding with human labour (17.93%) and interaction of human labour with capital (10.14%).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Agro techniques of Mustard Under Medium Land Condition
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Birendra Kumar; V. C. Srivastva
    Under medium land conditions of Bihar plateau rainy seasons paddy is harvested late, thus mustard sowing gets delayed causing drastic yield reduction. Keeping in view the above fact an experiment was conducted during winter season of 1997-98 on sandy loam soil having 170, 13.24 and 148 kg/ha available NP and K respectively with pH 6.0 to study the effect of sowing method and nitrogen level on growth, development, yield, quality and economics of mustard. The treatments consisted of three sowing methods- paira, broadcast and line sowing in main plots and four nitrogen level 0,40,80 and 120 kg/ha in sub-plots. Experiment was laid out in split plot design and replicated thrice.. Results revealed that paira sown mustard produced maximum (6.04 q/ha) and straw (27.46 q/ha) yield as a result of higher dry matter (306,79 g/m² at maturity), CGR (5.57 g/m²/day between 50-70 DAS), RGR (0.113 g/g/day between 30-50 DAS), maturity (123 days), plant height (104.6 cm), secondary branches/plant (5.8), siliquae/ plant (59). Consequently heat unit requirement (1610 kg/ha), net energy output (35,000 MJ/ha). energy use efficiency (7.09), net return (Rs.5,768/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.40) was higher under paira than broadcast and line sown crop. Crop with 120 kg N/ha produced maximum seed (7.87 q/ha) and straw (23.17 q/ha) yield owing to higher dry matter accumulation (369.88 g/m²), CGR (5.14 g/m²/day) and RGR (0.083 g/g/day) between 50 70 DAS and maturity (119 days). Similarly primary (4.8) and secondary (6.2) branches/plant, siliquae/plant (77), oil yield (263 kg/ha), N-uptake (73.19 kg/ha), net energy output (43,646 MJ/ha), net return (Rs.7,641/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.58) was also high with 120 kg N/ha. Mustard crop sown as paira with 120 kg N/ha proved better for higher productivity and monetary advantage .
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Variability And Correlation Studies in some Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L. ) Lines
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Ashisan Tuti; V. Kerketta
    Wheat (Triticm aestivumL )is one of the important cereal in India. It belong to the family Gramineae with chromosome No 2n=42 .It ranks second as staple food after rice in India with the total area of 25.40 million hectares. In the global ranking India ranks fourth in the area and second in the production of wheat crop. Being on Important crop, its genetically improvement through exploitation of existing wide variability is of prime important. Hence a field experiment was conducted to study the variability and correlation studies in some wheat lines. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the lines for all the characters. The heritable and non heritable variation were ascertained with the help of genetic parameters like heritability , genetic advance, genetjic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability was observed for the character germination percentage number of grains in main spike and 1000- grain weight. The lowest heritability was observed in grain weight per plant.The high genetic advance was observed for the character number of tillers per plant,1000- grain weight ,number of grains in main spike and germination percentage. The values of phenotypic and genotype coefficient of variation were high for the characters number of tillers per plant, number of grain in main spike,1000- grain weight germination percentage and plant height. The correlation between the characters germination percentage and number of tiller per plant and 1000- grain weight and length of the main spike and plant height and 1000 grain weight were found either signjijficant at 5 per cent and 1 per cent level of significant. The results obtained in the present investigation indicated that the characters number of tillers per plant number of grains in main spike ,1000 grain weight plant hight and dajys to 75 per cent flowering are the yield components. These can be used as thse indicators for improving wheat varieties. These characters are correlated with yield and also have high value of heritabililtyl genetic advance and genetic asvances as per cent of mean. ON the basis of yield ,the entries KG-79.KG-181 K-9709 performed better than other entries.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Analysis of Different Quantitative Characters in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L. )
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Chandra Kishor; Z. A. Haider
    Forty genotypes of upland rice ( oryza stavia L.) of diverse origin formed the material for the present study. These genotypes were directly sown in a Randomised Block Design with three replications under upland situation during kharif season of 1997.Observation were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each entry of every replication. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for all the characters, except, number of tillers per plant, effective tillers per plant effective tillers per plant and grain per panicle. A wide range of variability was observed in grain yield per plant, flag leaf area, grain yield per panicle, 1000 – grain weight, plant height and effective tillers per plant. Phenotypic as well as genotypic coefficient of variation was high to moderate in grain yield per panicle, plant height, 1000grain weight and number of grains per panicle. Heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean was also high for grain yield per plant, flag leaf area, grain yield per panicle, plant height, 1000- grain weight and number of grain per panicle. Grain yield per plant had a significant and positive association with number of tillers per plant , effective tillers per plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, grain yield per panicle, flag leaf area and 1000- grain weight both at genotypic and phenotypic level. Path analysis revealed that all the characters had positive direct effect on grain yield per plant, except 1000- grain weight. GFrain yield per panicle had highest direct positive effect but its indirect effect via numbers of grain per panicle, 1000- grain weight, flag leaf area and effective tillers per plant was weak negative. Rest of the characters had appreciable positive direct effect. Over all estimation is that grain yield per panicle number of grains per panicle, flag leaf area and plant height may be used in section for increasing grain yield in upland rice.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Divergence And Correlation studies in Niger (Guizotia Ahyssinica Cass. )
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Sanjay Kumar; Sohan Ram
    The present investigation was carried out in 72 germplasms of niger maintained in Niger Research Scheme of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics at Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke to collect information on the extent of variability, degree of association of different yield components, their direct and Indirect effect on seed yield and extent of genetic diversity among the genotypes. The experiment was conducted in Niger Experimental Plot of Ranchi Agricultural College Farm during Kharif 1997. A broad spectrum of variability was visualized in almost all characters, mainly in plant height, number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches branches per plant, number of capitulum per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity. Genotypic coefficient of variation was appreciable in number of capitulum perplant, plant height, number of primary branches per plant and 1000-seed weight. These characters also expressed moderate heritability estimates. Selection based on these characters would give more progress than based on other characters. Genetic divergence study revealed clustering of germplasms into 8 clusters irrespective of their origin. Many genotypes based on cluster means and genetic diversity was identified as potential parents. Genotypes, BNS-5, GA-23, Phule-5 and ONS-107 of cluster II and BNS-9, RCR-219 and RCR-234 of cluster VI were suggested as potential parents for crossing programme. Hybridization between genotypes of cluster II and VI was suggested for yield improvement. Days to maturity contributed more than 50 per cent in genetic divergence, but role of plant height and 1000-seed weight also had recommendable role in genetic diversity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Variability Correlation And Path Analysis in Greengram (Vigna Radiata L. Wilczek
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Kamleshwer Kumar; K. D. Prasad
    Forty greengram genotypes were grown in a randomized block design with three replications during wet season of 1998. The data recorded on ten quantitative characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, pod length (am), number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight (g) and yield per plant (g) were analysed to find out the estimates of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, correlations and path coefficients. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the ten characters under study. Days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height and number of pods per plant showed a wide range in their gross variability. The characters, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, grain yield per plant and number of secondary branches per plant recorded high phenotypic coefficient of variation, Plant height, 100-seed weight and number of seeds per pod showed moderately high coefficient of variation. Number of secondary branches per plant, number of primary branches per plant, 100-seed weight and yield per plant recorded high genotypic coefficient of variation while plant height, number of pods per plant and days to 50 per cent flowering showed moderate coefficient of variation. Heritability (in broad sense) for the characters days to 50 per cent flowering, 100-seed weight and days to maturity were high. Number of secondary branches per plant, 100-seed weight and number of primary branches per plant showed high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Grain yield per plant was strongly correlated with number of pods per plant and number of primary branches per plant. Correlation between days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity was highly significant . Path coefficient analysis revealed that the character number of pods per plant had the maximum direct effect on grain yield per plant. Pod length and number of secondary branches perta plant also showed appreciable magnitude of direct effect on grain yield per plant. High correlation between grain yield per plant and pod length was also through number of pods per plant. It appears that phenotypic selection for number of pods per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and pod length would be useful for all practical purposes in greengram.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Variability And Correlation Studies in Indian Rape Seed & Mustard..
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Sudeep kumar Singh; D.K. Ganguli
    The present investigations on the genotypic and phenotypic variability and correlation was carried out for nine characters in forty genotypes of Indian rape taken from different sources. Analysis of variance for nine characters revealed highly significant variations among the genotypes for all the characters. The range of variation observed in nine characters indicated a wide range of variation within characters. Highest range was observed in character, number of secondary branches per plant and lowest in days to maturity. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was highest for number of secondary branches per plant followed by number of siliquae per plant and number of primary branches per plant. Days to maturity had the lowest coefficient of variation followed by days to 50 % flowering. An may be seen from the table the phenotypic and genotypic variances of three characters viz; seed yield per plot, number of siliquae per plant and plant height were quite high. variation was found for number of secondary branches per piant. The character days to maturity had the phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. lowest Highest heritability estimates was observed for days t 50% flowering (97.32) followed by plant height (84.13) number of secondary branches per plant (70.61) and days to maturity (70.20). The character number of seeds per silique had the lowest heritability. The expected genetic advance suggested relative differences among the different plant characters studied. The character, seed yield per plot showed highest genetic advance (52.36) followed by plant height (14.23) and number of siliquae per plant (12.15). The character 1000-seed weight showed lowest genetic advance. Genetic advance in percentage of mean was observed to be highest for character number of secondary branches per plant and lowest for the character days to maturity. Highest significant genotypic positive correlation of seed yield per plot was found with the character, number of seeds per siliqua followed by number of primary branches per plant. Positive significant phenotypic correlation of seed yield per plot was found with number of siliquae per plant. Findings of present investigation revealed that selection based on the characters, number of siliquse per plant, number of primary and secondary branches per plant will be more reliable.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Variability And Association Studies in Soybean Glycine Max .L. (Merril)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Shashi Minz; A.K. Verma
    Fortyfive soybean genotypes were grown in a randomized completed block design with three replications during Kharif season of 1995 .The data recorded on eleven quantitative character viz days to first flowering days to 50 % flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant , days to maturity, number of pods per plant pod length number seed per pod number of seed per plant, 100 Seeds weight and seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant were analyzed to find put the estimate of variability heritability genetic advance correlation coefficients and path coefficients. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all eleven characters. The characters days to first flowering days to 50 % flowering plant height , number of pod per plant, number of seed per plant, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight showed a wede range in their gross variability. The characters number of pods per plant, number of seed per plant and seed yield per plant recorded high phenotypic coefficient as well as genotypic coefficient of variation. Number of primary branch es per plant and plant height showed moderately high coefficient of variation. Heritability for all the characters under study except number of seeds per pod was high. ?Number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant showed high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Seed yield per plant and number of primary branches per plant also showed high genetic advance as cent of mean. Seed yield per plant was strongly correlated with number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant. Correlation between seed yield per plant and days to 50 per cent flowering and also between seed yield per plant and number of primary branches was highly significant. Path coefficeient analysis revealed that the character number of seeds per plant had the maximum direct effect on seed yield per plant .100 seed weight also showed high direct effect on seed yield per plant. High correlation between seed yield paer plant and number of pods per plant was also through number of seeds per plant. It appears that phenotypic selection for number of pods per plant number of seeds per plant and number of primary branched per plant would be useful for all practical purpose in soybean
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Variability And Character Association Studies In Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Kiran Mary Kandir; Rajesh Kumar
    The present investigation on variability and association studies in chilli (capsicum annuus L.) was carried out in Department of Horticulture, B.A.U.,Ranchi. The experiment was conducted during rabi season of 1997-98 with 30 genotype collected from different parts of our country. The performance study of 30 cultivar showed good range of variation for plant characters viz plant height no of braches no of leaves and plant spread. Fruit characteristics also observed to have significant differences. Longest fruit was observed in cultivar RHRC-16-5(14.15cm) while the fruit with maximum weight was recorded in Phule suryamukhi (71.3 g) Fruit yield estimated on hectare basis was maximum in genotype LCA-304(113.33q/ha, which was followed by PKM (102.60q/ha) and PCi(86.09q/ha respectively. Drymatter(%) was observed to be highest in AC-3(23.86%.Plant mortality was highest in genotype sel-1-1(16.65% ) while fruit damage by insect infestation was maximum (24.70%) in genotypeAc-3. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the cultivars for all the characters except no of pickings.PCV and GCV were high for plant height, no of flowers per plant, no of fruit per plant, fruit length, fruit weight and fruit yield .High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed to be high for days to 50%flowering ,no of flower s per plant , no of fruits per fruit per plant, days to first picking ,first yield. The character association studies revealed that the fruit yield per plot had highly significant positive correlation with fruit yield per plant (0.641), no of fruits per plant (0.585) and no of flowers per plant (0.632).Results indicated that the cultivars LCA-304 ,PKM and PC-1 were high yield cultivars for green chilli fruits,and the component characters like no of flowers per plant,no of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant were found important in improvement of chilli cultivars.