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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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End date: 1996 × Start date: 1996 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Farmers' Strategies to Cope With Marginal Environment in the Plateau Region of Bihar, India
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Veleria Larra; Obdulia F. Sison
    Lakra, valeria, University of the Philippines los Banos, March 1996 , Farmers’ strategies to cope with Marginal Environment in the Plateau Region of Bihar, India. Major professor : Dr. Virginia R.Cardenas. This study identified and described farming strategies as well as reason for adopting various far farming technique in responses to marginal environment in Hazaribagh, Bihar, India. Household interviews were conducted among 300 respondents using formal interview for one – half of them and structured informal interviews for the other half .Descriptive statistics was used to summarize socio economic and bio physical factors, farming system and effects of the strategies adopted, while bivariate and cannocial correlations were used to exmine the degree of relationships among the variable. Majority of the respondents were small and marginal farmers.They described their farmlands as: flat (100% of the respondents) and gently sloping (97%) less than 25% of land being drought affected (76%) more than 75% of land needing the irrigation (83%) and about 50% of land being affected by pest and diseases (63%). Farming strategies to cope with such environment were several. Farmers used cropping system, such as rotational cropping, mixed cropping and sequential cropping for varying primary reasons. During the rainy season, majority of the farmers chose to plant pulses, oil seeds, millets, rice and fiber crop in unfavourable lands with low soil fertility, while rice, maize, vegetables were planted in favourable lands. Traditional varieties of short duration crops were chosen for a good crop yield .Crop –livestock integration was a highly profitable enterprise for farm household. Farm yard manure was used in both unfavourable and favourable lands to improve the soil fertility and land productivity. Crop rotation in unbunded land rotating different varieties of a crop in bunded lands were considered the best strategies to improve soil fertily .In order to overcome water insufficiency effects during a cropping season, farmers used local varieties of crops that had tolerance to drought or those which could avoid it by maturing before drought set in. Indigenous practices as well as chemical pesticide were used to control pests and diseases. Farmers were also engaged in land-sharing. Off-farm and non- farm activities in order to increase their income. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that all the bio- physical factors were significantly related to cropping system, while socio- economic factors were significantly related to cropping systems, and income augmentation strategies. Canonical correlation showed highly significant relationship between different groups of variables, rejecting all the null hypotheses. It can be concluded that these farming strategies were need- based farming for subsistence. The strategies adopted by the respondents were found not only meeting subsistence needs but also contributing to sustainable agriculture.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Combining Ability And Heterosis Studies In Linseed (Linum sitatissimum L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sohan Ram; H.B.P.Trivedi
    Linseed is predominantly a autogamous crop of industrial significance. Inspite of considerable increase in area and production under linseed, the productivity which is of foremost importance, is still stagnant in India. The prime objective of the present investigation was to evaluate some well recognised varieties and explore the combining ability variances of oil yield and seed yield components and their combining ability effects together with the studies on variability, heterosis and correlation through dialled analysis. Eight well recognised varieties of major linseed growing states were obtained from Project Co-ordinator (Linseed), Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. These varieties were crossed in 8 x 8 diallel fashion to obtain 28 direct and 28 reciprocal F1 hybrids. These hybrids were generation advanced in off season nursery to procure F2 seeds. These F1 and F2 hybrids were evaluated separately along with the parents for variability, heterosis, inbreeding depression, combining ability and correlation co-efficient. The analysis of variance was highly significant for oil yield and its components. Variability in the parents and reciprocals, though was non-significant yet was significant in Parents Vs Crosses and F₁ Vs Reciprocals. Manifestation of heterosis was variable in magnitude and nature among corresponding characters in F₁ and F2 hybrids of direct and reciprocal cross. Heterosis as high as 230.90 percent over superior parent was obtained for oil yield in R-7 x Garima, 69,01 percent for oil content in T 397 x R-7 and 202.34 percent for seed yield in Jawahar-23/10 x Garima.Cross Mukta x R-7 was identified as highest heterotic cross for oil yield, seed yield and oil content. CONT Use of parent as pollen or seed parent had a significant difference in heterotic behaviour of the cross. Parents Neelum, Garima and R-17 were identified as best seed parents against R-7 and Jawahar-23/10 as pollen parents. Estimates of GCA and SCA variances obtained were highly significant for oil yield and its components, Non-additive components played major role in expression of oil yield, oil content and seed yield where as other characters exhibited importance of additive component in their expression. The general combining ability effects corresponded fairly with that of per se performance of the parents for all characters except oil content, number of capsules and number of secondary branches per plant. For oil yield, oil content and seed yield though none of the parent was best / good general combiner, yet best / good specific combinations for these traits were obtained from poor x poor combiners. It was noticed that high specific combinations for oil yield were also high specific combinations for seed yield but all high specific combinations for oil content and seed yield components were not necessarily high specific combinations for oil yield. Genotypic correlation co-efficient was higher than phenotypic. Correlation Oil yield was favorably associated with oil content, seed yield, number of capsules and number of secondary branches. Selection of these characters was suggested to increase oil yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Role of Hormones in Reproduction Management of Swine
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Shishir Kumar Harichandanray; Dr. A. K. Sinha
    1.Synchronized farrowing during day time on working days was possible either through intramuscular route (PG 5 mg) or IVSM route with a considerable low (1mg) dose of PG. 11. Termination of pregnancy with PG (day 111) revealed no adverse effect on piglet size or weight at birth. 111. Induced farrowed sows recorded significantly shorter weaning to fertile estrus interval. iv. Addition of oxytocin or EV to PG (5 mg) resulted in more precise farrowing (LWY) by shortening induction interval. V. Post parturient PG treatment (LWY) significantly increased piglet survivability and weight gain. Significantly shorter weaning to fertile estrus interval was recorded in the treated pigs. vi. The piglet born out of PG treated mother weaned at day 40, 45 or 50 consistently showed higher body weight than control. Vii .Application of PMSG (500 IU) alone or in combination with HCG (500 IU) at 24 hrs of weaning resulted in a significantly earlier post weaning estrus with higher CR than control. viii. Administration of HCG to sows at day 12 of service had a significant increase on piglet weight at birth.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Preliminary Studies of Aluminum In Acid soils of Bihar
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Maha Shanker Thakur; H. Sinha
    Studies in aluminum in two representative acid soils. of Bihar have been made. The soils selected for this purpose are the clay loam sedentary soils of Neterhat and sandy clay loam alluvial soils of Purnea. Both the soils contain illite as a dominant clay mineral. The total Al content of the se soils have been found to vary from 4.20 to 8.95..They bear no relation with the pH of the soils. The water soluble aluminum varies from 0.13 to 1.30 ppm. These quantities also bear no direct relationship with the pH of the soils. On the other hand, the exchangeable aluminum has a definite relationship with soil acidity. As the pH of the soil decreases, the amount of exchangeable aluminum increases. When NH4-acetate (pH 4.8) was used as extracting reagent, the exchangeable aluminum varies from 0.49 to 4.84 m.e. per cent in these soils. NKC1 extraction appeared to bear a more regular relationship in this regard. Though the amount extracted by this extract ant are quantitatively less than the NH4-acetate (pH 4.8). These studies further reveal that the acidity due to A1+++ in the permanent charge in the exchange complex is not of so great a consequence as supposed by many workers in this field.
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    ThesisItemUnknown
    Availability of Phosphorus in Alfisol in Bihar
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Asha Kumari Sinha; Dr. K. P. Singh
    A series of laboratory experiments with respect to phosphorus status, its relationship with important soil properties and inorganic P fractions were carried out in the soils of Pusaro series of Santhal Parganas region of Bihar Attempts have been made to characterize the soils in relation to surface P adsorption and relationship of Langmuir constants to soil properties were studied. Green house experiments were conducted to study the differential response of three pulse crops to P application. Results indicate that the soil of Pusaro series are strong to moderately acidic in reaction, poor in organic matter content with sandy loam texture. The available P (Bray P.) content of soils ranged from 0.3 to 24.0 mg kg and are categorized as of low to medium P status. Correlation studies between available phosphorus and soil properties show that soil pH has positive and significant (r= 0.358) correlation with available P. Relationship of available P with different inorganic P fractions indicate significant positive relationship with Al-P, Fe-P and Ca-P and significant negative relationship with R-P. Results of P adsorption study indicate that these soils follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The phosphorus adsorption maxima varies from 260.5 to 780.6 g P g' soil while bonding energy constant ranged from 4.35 to 10.40 ppm (x103). P adsorption maxima is significantly and positively correlated with organic carbon (r= 0.463*) and clay content (r= 0.687*) of soil and related significantly and negatively with sand (r= 0.688*) and available P content (r= -0.430*) of soils. The bonding energy constant of phosphorus relates significantly and positively with organic carbon, clay, silt and available P content and negatively with sand content of soils. Results of greenhouse studies conducted on different pulse crops in Alfisols shows significant response to phosphorus, the maximum dry matter and P uptake response is observed in case of Urd. The results further show that per cent P uptake response increased upto 60 mg P ka level, thereafter it started decreasing.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physical Characterization of Acid Soil As Influenced By Crop Waste Incorporation
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Manoj Kumar; P.K.Roy
    The influence of 10t/ha of crop waste incorporation into the soil either alone or in combination with different doses of chemical fertilizers ( 50 per cent, 75 per cent an d100 per cent of the recommended dose of NPK) for a period of the last five years showed marked improvement in the physical properties of soil. The texture of the soil was clay loam in all the plots under all the treatments (Sand around 42.8 percent, slit around 27.4 percent and clay around 29.5 percent).Incorporation of crop waste alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers decreased the bulk density by about 10.45 percent, increased the total porosity by 16.24 per cent ,aeration porosity by 63.56 percent water stable aggregates greater than 0.25 mm by 27.1 per cent and geometric mean diameter by 23.13 percent as compared to control. Values of aeration porosity higher than 10 percent in all the plots(varing between 10.12 and 16.81 per cent ) compared with control (9.66per cent ) indicate that the soil was well acrated and would not adversely effect the plant growth About 14.23% increased in the moisture contenect at 0.033 NPA soil moisture tension in the plot treated with crop waste alone or in combination with chemical fertilizer around 23.84% compared with control and plot treated with chemical fertilizer along (around 20.87%) was observed..The application of chemical fertilizer ,however ,deteriorated the soil moisture retention capacity at 1.5MPa of soil moisture tension by about 17.6%. Incorporation of crop waste along or in combination with chemical fertilizers increased the profile moisture content (weighted average of 0.60cm soil depth )of soil at 21,36,51,64 and 109 days after sowing by about 15.54% as compared with control and plots treated with chemical fertilizers both having similar values crop waste increased the infiltration rate by 39.68% ,cumulative infiltration by 43.66%and hydraulic conductivity by39% over control. Depth by variation of soil temperature in the crop waste treated crop was about 4 degree c at 6am and 2 pm and about 2.5degree c at 10pm on 21 days after sowing of crop as against a higher variation in soil temperature in control and plot treat with chemical fertilizers alone(5.5degreec at 6 am and 2 pm and 3.5degree c at 10pm)a reduction of 5degree c in the diurnal variation due to incorporation of crop waste was recorded. Crop waste increased the organic carbon content of soil by 51.76%ascompared with control. The highest uptake NPK ,9(N-82.57kg ha,p-30.45kg ha,K-120.51kg ha-1)was recorded in the plots treated with 100%NPK either alone or in combination with crop waste in corporation. Highest grain and straw yield (around 27.32qha of grain and around 32.58q hectare-1 of straw.)where obtained in the plots treated with 75%NPK and 100%NPK either alone or in combination with crop waste. However, the higher leaf area index was recorded in the plots treated plots either with 100%NKP alone or in combination with crop waste.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on Biology and Chemical Control of Melon Fruitfly CucarbitaeCag Infesting Bitter Gourd
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sujit Kumar Majhi; M. K. Chakraverty
    The melon fruitfly (Dacus cucurbitae coq.)is one of the serious pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). The bitter gourd is widely cultivated by the farmers in and around Ranchi, the one of the most important vegetable belts of Chotanagpur region.Laboratory and field experiments were conducted in order to: 1)To study the biology of the melon fruitfly,(ii) to determine the comparative efficacy of few insecticides and botanicals against adults of melon fruitfly in laboratory , and (iii) to conduct field trial with some insecticides/ botanicals for the control of fruitfly on bitter gourd. Biological aspects of the melon fruitfly was studied by rearing D. cucurbitae under laboratory conditions. Laboratory evaluation of some insecticides and botanicals viz. endosulfan,quinalphos, malathion,fenthion, dichlorvos,fenitrothion, dimethoate and neem oil against adults of cucurbit fruit fly reared on bitter gourd was carried out. Insecticides were sprayed on small pieces of fruit fly affected bitter gourd and observations for mortality counts were recorded upto 8 hrs at an interval of 2 hrs. Dichlorvos, neem oil ,fenthion and dimethoate were found to be superior and can be recommended for control of adult fruitfly. Field trial for the control of fruit fly infesting bitter gourd by spraying thrice the same insecticides as for laboratory evaluation were also evaluated. A positive correlation between infestation and number as well as weight of fruit was evident. Lowest fruit fly attack was recorded in plots sprayed with fenthion followed by neem oil and quinalphos. Highest bitter gourd yield was also recorded from the plots sprayed with fenthion and neem oil. Considering the performance of insecticides both under laboratory and field trials, fenthion and neem oil can be recommended for the control of fruitflies infesting bitter gourd under the agro-climatic conditions of Chotanagpur.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Form of P And S in Acid Soil With Continuous Cropping And Fertilizer Use
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Chandra Jeet Kumar; Dr. K.P. Singh
    It is well recognised that the continuous use of chemical fertilizers and manures bring about changes in primary and secondary nutrient status of the soil and their physico-chemical properties. These manures & fertilizers along with the intensive cropping are expected to effect the equilibiria involving phosphorus & sulphur fractions in soil plant system. The information’s available on this subject is scanty. Keeping this in view an investigation entitled "Forms of P and S in acid soil with continuous cropping and fertilizer use". was under taken. Analysis for some physico chemical properties, total-P, total-S, available P and S content in soil and plant samples from different treatments of Long term fertilization experiment (ICAR), continuing from 1972-73 in Ranchi Agril. College, Kanke, Ranchi (Bihar), were undertaken after the harvest of Rabi crop (wheat) of the year 1994-95. Ph. and organic carbon status of soils decreased, in general, from its initial value, except treatments receiving lime and FYM. Concentration of NPK increased with increasing doses of fertilizers and with F.Y.M. both in soils and plants. The highest yield of wheat was recorded where 100% NPK fertilizers were applied with F.Y.M. which was followed by 100% NPK+Lime. The yield increased when the dose of fertilizer was increased from 50 to 100 percent of NPK, but there was no significant, increase in yield when the dose of fertilizers was increased from 100 to 150% of NPK. The lowest yield was recorded where only nitrogenous fertilizer was applied which was even lower then control where no any fertilizer was applied." The uptake of P and S was highest in 100 percent NPK+FYM+W followed by 100 percent NPK+Lime+W treated plots and the lowest in 100 percent N+W treated plots. The total P status increased in all the treatments exhibiting a -cumulative effect of P depending upon the level of its application. Maximum P was observed with FYM with 100% NPK level showing the impacts of organic matter. Different forms of P exhibited the decreasing sequence of Fe PAI-P, Ca-P, Occluded-P, solid-P, in general with the exception of lime treatment where Ca-P dominated. The total S was maximum in 100% NPK+FYM+W treated plot followed by 100% N(S) +PK+W treated plots and minimum in control plot and maximum available sulphur was recorded in sulphur applied plot ic, 100% N(S)+PK+W plots, followed by Lime treated plot ie, 100% NPK+Lime+W and minimum available Sulphur was recorded in control plot. Different forms of S exhibited decreasing sequence of or ganic-S, adsorbed-S. Minimum organic-S was recorded in 100% NPK+FYM+W treated plot ie, 97.63 percent of total-S, followed by sulphur applied plots 100% N(S)+PK+Wic, 96.25 percent of total-S and very less was observed in control plot ic 88.56 percent of total-S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Nitrogen on Grain Filling And Yield In Upland Rice
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Lakbindra Puran; A.K.Verma
    It is rather difficult to give definite conclusion on the basis of one year’s experimental data. An attempt , however has been made to draw broad indications under the conditions of present experimentation. On the basis of the results obtained the following conclusion can be drawn. The variety Birsa Gora 102 gave highest yield at 45 Kg/N/ha (applied as three equal splits i.e. 1/3at sowing and 1/3 after 48 days of sowing)followed by BD 106 under upland condition of Bihar plateau.