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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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1994 - 19984
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Author: Sanjay Kumar × End date: 2018 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of Institutional Finance On The Economy of Tribal And Non-Tribal Farms In Ranchi District
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Sanjay Kumar; R.K.Panday
    The introduction of new technology in agriculture has brought about a significant increase in financial increase in financial requirement of the farmers, both for production and investment. With adoption of multiagency approach in agriculture, there has been considerable expansion of credit facilities .Quite a large number of branches have been opened in the rural areas with a view to help the farmers in adoption of modern farm technology. It has been notice that the amount earmarked for the agriculture sector does not reach all sections of the farming community. Thus the majority of the weaker section particularly tribal farmers were deprived of getting full advance age of institutional credit. Keeping the significance and importance of farm credit, the present study was conducted in two village namely Makhmandro and Murgu in Ratu Block of Ranchi district taking into account of the large concentration of institutional agencies engaged in farm financing to both categories of tribal and non tribal farmers. The results revealed that the percentage of borrower farmers from intuitional agencies were ranged from 42.86 to 47.83 and 52.17 to 57.14 percent of the total borrower farmers of all categories of tribal and nontribal farms respectively. It was found that the percentage of borrower farmers were higher in case of non tribal farmer as compared to tribal farms .It was obvious that non- tribal farmers were more conscious in getting farm loans than those of tribal farmers. The study showed that per farm , the amount of loan advanced by intuitional agencies were in order of Rs.3633.46, Rs.4569.47, Rs.3320.91 and Rs 4184.06, Rs.5428.25, Rs.4856.82 to marginal, small and medium size group of the tribal and non tribal farmers respectively. It was found that resourceful farmer ( non Tribal Farmers) were getting more loan as compared to poor farmers ( tribal farmers ) In the area under investigation. The result revealed that out of the total amount of the farmers loan advanced by institutional agencies about 10.87 and 15.08,per percent as a crop loan ( short term) and 33.46 and 40.59 percent as investment )(term loan) loans were borrowed by both categories of tribal and non tribal farm respectively . It was found that the percentage of borrowing of short term and term loans were higher in case of non tribal farms as compared to tribal farms. It was observed that the per hectare credit supplied by various institutional agencies were in order of Rs 7266.92, 4270.53, 1604.30 and Rs 7213.90,4639.53,2084.47 to different categories of marginal, small and medium size group of tribal and Non tribal farms respectively. It was found that per hectare loan borrowed by non tribal farms were higher as compared to tribal farms. The study indicates that the institutional agencies were taking more interest in financing non-tribal farms than the tribal farms. The study shows that per farm misutilisation of institutional loan were constituted about 2.35,1.26,1.06and 1.86,1.02,0.62 percent of the total borrowing by the various categories of marginal, small and medium size group of the tribal and non tribal farms respectively. It is evident that misutilisation of farm loan were higher on tribal farms as compared to non –tribal farms. It was found that per farm net return obtained were in order of Rs.3990.50,Rs 7655.34, Rs 9625.99 and Rs6054.01, Rs 8870.00, Rs.11,024.16 on marginal, small and medium size of the tribal and non tribal farms respectively. It was observed that the farm income was higher on non tribal farms as compared to tribal farms but higher on medium size group of tribal and non tribal farms than the higher size group of the farms. The result indicated that per hectare net return was found to be Rs.7981.00, 7154.52, 4650.24 and Rs,.10,437.95, 7581.20,4731.40 on marginal ,small and medium size group of the tribal and non tribal farms respectively. It was found that per hectare net return was also higher on non tribal farms than the tribal farms. It can be concluded that the impact of farm financing was much better on the economy of non tribal farms as compared to tribal farms. It was revealed that the most important farms financing constraint faced by the farmers were inadequate supply of farm loan by the institutional agencies. The next important constraint faced by the farmers were briberies, involved in obtaining farm loans .The other importer financial of the farmers lack of supervision and guidance lack of the timely supplied of the loan, high rate of interest and lack of communication.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Integrated Effect of Organic Sources and Inorganic Nitrogen Levels on Transplanted Rice (oryza Sativa L)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sanjay Kumar; I.P.Sharma
    A field investigation was carried out to study the integrated effect of organic sources and inorganic nitrogen levels on transplanted rice (IR-36) under wet land condition during the kharif season of 1994 at BAU Farm, Ranchi. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Each replication consisted of nine treatments. Combination of 3 levels of nitrogen (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-¹) and three sources of organic nitrogen (FYM @ 5t ha-¹, BGA @ 10kg ha-¹ and karanj cake @ 600kg ha-¹). The treatment combination was T₁ - 0 kg N ha-¹ 5 t FYM ha-¹, 7₂-50 kg N ha-¹ + St FYN ha-¹, T3-100 kg N ha-¹ + 5 t FYN ha-¹, T₁-0 kg N ha-¹. -1 10 kg BGA ha ¹. T-50 kg N ha-¹ +10 kg BGA ha-¹, T-100 kg N 1+ 10 kg BGA ha-¹, T₂-0 kg N ha-¹ 600 kg karanj cake ha-¹, Tg- 50 kg N ha-¹ + 600 kg karanj cake ha-¹, T- 100 kg N ha-¹ 600 kg karanj cake ha¹. 50 kg P₂05 and 50 kg K₂0 per hectare were applied as basal dose. N, P and K were applied form of Urea, SSP and MOP. The soil of the experimental site was loamy in texture, low to medium in fertility status and slightly acidic in reaction (pH- 6.2). It is evident from the data that inorganic nitrogen levels influenced significantly the height of rice plant, number of leaves per hill, number of effective tillers par hill, dry matter par hill, length of panicle, number of grains per panicle and thousand grain weights. Effect of different organic sources of nitrogen was statistically at par. A close perusal of the experimental finding clearly indicated that when 100 kg N ha-¹ was applied in soil, it recorded the maximum grain yield. But maximum not profit was obtained when 100 kg N ha-¹ + 10 kg BGA ha-¹ was applied in soil (Rs.5190.33 not return ha-¹) followed by treatment receiving 100 kg N ha-¹ + 5 t FYM ha-¹ (Rs.5011.22 ha-¹ not return). The benefit : cost ratio was maximum (1.74) when 100 kg N ha-¹ + 10 kg BGA ha-¹ was applied followed by treatment receiving 100 kg N ha-¹ + 5 t FYM ha-¹ (1.66). Nutrient status of soil after harvesting of crops 1.e organic carbon, available N and P content of soil was found to increase in different treatment from initial value whereas K contents of soil slightly decreased from initial value. Moreover, all these results are of a single year and hence, for the confirmation of result, the investigation needs to be repeated.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    P solubilizers in soil plant ecosystems of chotanagpur plateau and their soil phosphorus
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1995) Sanjay Kumar; A Raza
    The present investigation was undertaken with a view to isolate and identify efficient phosphate solubili zing microflora from varied soil-plant ecosystems prevalent in the plateau region vis-a-vis to examine the efficacy of the selected isolates to solubilize added insoluble inorga nic phosphates (MAP, ALPO) and native P in soils of upland and lowland toposequences. Results indicated presence of P-solubilizing microorganisms in the rhizosphere of various cultivated as well as wild plant species occuring in this region as nine bacterial and three fungal P-solubilizing strains were iso lated from rhizospheric soils of different locations. A wide variations occurred in the extent of P solubilization through bacteria and fungi. The amount of P released as citrate soluble P was considerably higher com pared to water soluble P and available P at different incu bation periods. The forms of P in liquid media with MRP (1.0% P₂05 basis) were generally higher than those used at 2.5% P205 basis. similar trend was noted in case of AlPO4 with selected bacterial and fungal species. The release of P at 15 days of incubation in liquid media was highest which declined with passage of time.Both inoculation and P sources significantly influenced the availability of P in soil. wailability of P in lowl and soil in aitrate soluble forms was higher than the corresponding upland soil. Based on solubilization of Ce,(PO4)2 in liquid and HRP and AlPO in liquid as well as in soil, isolates PSB and PSB₂ of bacteria and PS2₁ of fungi were identified as the most efficient phosphate solubilizers, however, fungal isolates showed overall superiority.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Potassium on Potato and Potato-Wheat Intercropping System
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Sanjay Kumar; K.Roy
    Potassium is one of the three primary nutrients essential for plant growth. The farmers, with general belief that the soil is rich in potassium, apply only nitrogen and phosphorus to the crop. This sometimes results in high depletion of soil potassium in the field and causes an adverse effect on further production. Depletion of soil potassium is generally seen more in intensive cropping system, which is very much essential for increasing the production of food grains to feed the increasing population of our country. Therefore, the present studies on effect of potassium levels on potato and potato+wheat intercropping system were conducted in medium land situation of Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Ranchi in Rabi season of 1992-93. The soil was light textured, medium in depth and moderately acidic [pH 5.6J. It was medium in organic carbon [0.59 per cent) and contained 207, 46.2 and 240 kilogram per hectare of available nitrogen, phosphate and potash, respectively. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design [RBD] with six levels of potassium, viz.,0,50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kilogram of potash per hectare applied to the main crop of potato alongwith 120 kilogram of nitrogen and 100 kilogram of phosphate per hectare and two cropping system i.e potato alone and potato+wheat intercropping. The maximum potato tuber yield was observed with 100 kilogram of potash applied to the potato. This treatment was also effective in producing more number and weight of total tubers per plant than the other treatments included in the experiment. The higher yield of potato tuber was mainly due to the production of seed size (30-50 g) and small size [below 30 g) tubers both in number and weight in this treatment. Number and weight of large size tubers [above 50 g] increased with increasing levels of potassium. The percentage increase in yield with 100 kilogram potash applied per hectare was 40 and 18 over no potash and 50 kilogram of potash per hectare. There was no reduction in yield of potato when it was intercropped with wheat. The potato yield equivalent was also found be more at 100 kilogram level of potash and in potato+ wheat intercropping system than all other levels of potash and sole crop of potato. Net return, benefit:cost ratio and return per rupee invested at 100 kilogram of potash level and in potato wheat intercropping system were higher than all other levels of potash and sole crop of potato. With respect to wheat yield It was higher at 150 kilogram of potash applied to potato. Nutrient removal by the crops was maximum in the treatments getting 100 kilogram of potash per hectare and in potato intercropping system. Soil depletion in terms of available soil potassium was more pronounced at o and 50 kilogram level of potash and in potato+wheat intercropping system. Available soil potassium was at initial level when sole crop of potato received 100 kilogram of potash per hectare but it reduced when wheat was intercropped with potato indicating that some additional amount of potash should be needed to maintain the soil fertility at least at initial level when some intercrops like wheat are to be grown with main crop of potato.