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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2011 - 20194
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Author: Kumari, Priyanka ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumari, Priyanka; Tirkey, S.K.
    stability in performance under rainfed condition in field and drought stress condition in rainout shelter through morphological and physiological traits. The genotypes were sown in randomized block design with three and two replications in field and rainout shelter respectively. The characters under observation in natural condition are days to first flowering, days to maturity, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plot, kernel yield per plant, shelling per cent, 100 seed weight, SMK per cent, number of branches, oil content, protein content, plant height, specific leaf area, relative water content, specific leaf weight, root weight, shoot weight, total dry matter, harvest index, proline content and pod yield per plot. The characters for which the observation was recorded in the rainout shelter are days to first flowering, days to maturity, pod yield per plant, , kernel yield per plant, oil content , protein content, specific leaf area, relative water content, specific leaf weight and proline content. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences for all the characters in both natural condition and rainout shelter suggesting high degree of variability among the genotypes grown. The GCV and PCV was recorded high for the characters kernel yield per plant and root weight per plot, pod yield per plant and proline content in the natural as well as stress condition. Moderate GCV and PCV was observed for pod yield per plot, kernel yield per plot , SLA, SLW and harvest index in natural condition and the same was observed for SLA, SLW, RWC and oil per cent under stress condition. In this experiment, the characters which showed high heritability along with high genetic advance are kernel yield per plant, pod yield per plant, specific leaf area, relative water content, specific leaf weight, oil and proline content in rainout shelter and kernel yield per plot, pod yield per plot, root weight, shoot weight, specific leaf area and proline content in the natural condition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INDUCED VARIABILITY IN M3 AND M4 GENERATION OF SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) MERRILL] GENOTYPES
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Kumari, Priyanka; Verma, Nutan
    Representative M3 and M4 Gamma irradiated seeds (300 each) of two varieties of soybean, BSS-2 and RKS-18 procured from the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Ranchi were sown in kharif 2017. Seeds of both the varieties viz. BSS-2 and RKS-18 were exposed to five different doses of gamma rays (50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy and 400 Gy) in the year 2014 and 2015 using Cobalt 60 sources in Gamma chamber at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai and their M3 and M4 progenies were used as experimental materials. There were slight reduction in germination % & survival % which varied from 83% to 86% & 85% to 96% respectively in different doses of Gamma rays in the variety BSS- 2 while in RKS-18, these varied from 81% to 83% and 91% to 94 % respectively in M4 generation. Polygenic variation in M3 and M4 generation of both BSS-2 and RKS-18 was observed for the characters, plant height, number of pod per plant, days to maturity and seed yield per plant due to effect of different doses of gamma rays. In qualitative characters both the varieties responded differently in different doses of Gamma rays. Some of the mutant plants have been found superior to their parent varieties in several yield contributing characters. Mutagenic frequency was found more in lower doses of Gamma rays in both the varieties in both the generation M3 & M4. Mutagenic rate was found higher in RKS-18 proving it to be more reactive to mutagenic treatments. In the variety BSS-2 the highest mutagenic effectiveness was recorded at 100 Gy, while in RKS-18 the highest mutagenic effectiveness was at 50 Gy in M3. The effectiveness decreased with increase in dose i.e. lower dose was found to be the most effective. From mean performance it was observed that many of the characters showed significant superiority and at par with the control in M3 and M4 generations. In the M3 generation, for the variety BSS-2 the maximum phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) was observed for the character seed yield per plant at 50 Gy. At lower dose all eight quantitative characters showed positive and non- significant correlation with the characters seed yield per plant except plant height which showed negative correlation. In M4 generation both the varieties BSS-2 and RKS-18 generation at lower dose (50 Gy) highest PCV, GCV, h2%, GA and GA as percent of mean was recorded only for the character plant height. In BSS-2 maximum heritability percent was observed for 100 seed weight, while in RKS-18 maximum heritability percent was recorded for days to maturity. Path coefficient analysis was done in M4 generation. The variety, BSS-2 at higher dose (400 Gy) days to 50% flowering, plant height and seeds per pod showed positive direct effect from moderate to high value with seed yield per plant, whereas at 400 Gy positive direct effect from moderate to low value was observed for number of branches per plant, seeds per pods and 100 seed weight with seed yield per plant in the variety RKS-18. The effective potential of induced mutational approach can help in generating improvement of soybean by recovering superior mutant types having enhanced yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PRODUCTIVITY OF WET-SEEDED RICE (Oryza sativa L.) UNDER DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITY AND WEED CONTROL
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2011) Kumari, Priyanka; Upasani, R.R.
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important crop of south-east Asia popularly referred to as the rice bowl of the world. In India rice is cultivated in 45 million hectares with production of 124.40 million tonnes having productivity of 2930 kg/ha (Rao et al, 2007). The importance of rice in India is such that even a minor fluctuation in productivity brings about major change in Indian economy. If the rice productivity of India in general and Jharkhand in particular is raised by cultural methods, it can bring about tremendous change in agricultural scenario and on rural economy. A wet seeded rice crop may be sown at the start of monsoon or after a few weeks when soil is more saturated. Seed rate plays an important role which is kept usually to minimize weed menace in increasing rice productivity and herbicides are also effective to control of weeds in wet seeded rice. A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2010 at the Agricultural Farm, Birsa Agricultural University, Jharkhand on acidic (pH5.7) sandy-loam soil (61% sand, 22% silt and 17% clay) having low in organic carbon (0.37%), available nitrogen (242.23 kg/ha) and exchangeable potassium (123 kg/ha) and medium in available phosphorus (14.43 kg/ha) to study the productivity of wet-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different plant density and weed control. The treatment comprised of four seed rates viz. 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg/ha and five weed control methods viz. butachlor 1.5 kg/ha (PE), pyrazosulfuron (PoE) 0.02 kg/ha, almix (PoE) 4 g/ha, Weed free and Weedy check. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that rice crop sown with 100 kg seed/ha significantly reduced population of grassy weed by 64.49 and 80.27%, broad leaved weeds by 48.03 and 42.63% at 40 and 60 days after sowing respectively compared to 60 kg seed/ha. Application of pyrazosulfuron (PoE) 0.02 kg/ha significantly reduced grassy weed population by 54.57 and 21.31% at 20 and 40 DAS, broad leaved weeds by 86.57, 50.40 and 54.29% at 20, 40 and 60 days after sowing respectively and sedges population by 84.11 and 73.88% at 40 and 60 DAS as compared to weedy check . 100 kg seed/ha significantly reduced dry matter accumulation to the tune of 71.57 and 64.96% at 40 DAS and 89.75 and 82.52% at 60 DAS by grasses as compared to 60 and 80 kg seed/ha and 84.59 and 75.66% significantly reduced dry matter accumulation at 40 and 60 DAS respectively by sedges as compared to 60 kg seed/ha. Application of pyrazosulfuron (PoE) 0.02 kg/ha registered significantly reduced dry matter accumulation by grassy (74.51,93.97 and 85.00%), BLW (69.04,93.61 and 91.45%) and sedges (89.60,88.42 and 60.21%) at 20, 40 and 60 DAS as compared to weedy check. The dry matter accumulation by total weeds was significantly reduced to the tune of 76.94% by 100 kg seed/ha as compared to 60 kg seed/ha thereby registering maximum weed control efficiency i.e, 59.42, 66.60 and 58.61% at 20, 40 and 60 DAS respectively while application of pyrazosulfuron (PoE) 0.02 kg/ha recorded 76.18, 93.08 and 79.46% significantly reduced total weed dry matter accumulation as compared to weedy check thereby registering maximum weed control efficiency i.e, 67.56, 93.24 and 78.52 at 20, 40 and 60 DAS respectively. Rice crop sown with 100 kg seed/ha recorded 30.46 and 8.35% significantly higher total tillers/m2 at maturity compared to 60 and 80 kg seed/ha, 67.94 and 38.00% significantly higher dry matter accumulation by rice plant at maturity as well as maximum crop growth rate 5.77, 9.14, 8.45, 9.07 and 1.73 g/day/m2 at 20 days interval from 20 DAS respectively upto maturity thereby recording maximum panicle length (19.35 cm), effective tillers, higher filled grains/panicle resulting in higher grain and straw yield (2784 and 3639 kg/ha). 100 kg seed/ha recorded significantly higher gross return (Rs 33298/ha), net return (Rs 16628/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (0.99) as compared to that recorded under 60 and 80 kg seed/ha. Among herbicide application of pyrazosulfuron (PoE) 0.02 kg/ha registered 41.94% higher tillers/m2 at maturity, 28.58% higher dry matter accumulation by rice plant thereby producing 29.5% higher panicle length, 40.06% higher effective tillers (317/m2) and lower number of unfilled grains as compared to weedy check. This resulted 51.19% significantly higher grain yield (3046 kg/ha) and 56.54% higher straw yield (3741 kg/ha), 54.36% higher gross return (Rs 32583/ha), 100.22% higher net return (Rs 17115/ha) compared to weedy check. Application of pyrazosulfuron (PoE) 0.02 kg/ha also generated 33.46 and 25.10% higher gross return, 64.85 and 46.26% higher net return and 65.45 and 45.45% higher benefitcost ratio as compared to butachlor 1.5 kg/ha (PE) and almix (PoE) 4 g/ha respectively. On the basis of above findings it is concluded that 100 kg seed/ha was the most optimum seed rate for effective suppression of weeds, higher productivity and profitability of rice grown as direct seeded under wet condition and among weed control methods application of pyrazosulfuron 0.02 kg/ha (PoE) was found to be most effective herbicides in suppressing weeds throughout the growing season of rice thereby facilitating higher grain yield production and generating higher net return and B:C ratio.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Propagation of Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant . et Fernand in vitro for conservation
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2014) Kumari, Priyanka; Banerjee, Madhuparna
    An efficient protocol for rapid in vitro propagation of valuable medicinal plant Chlorophytum borivilianum by using shoot tip as explants were done. This plant is used in the traditional medicinal system for enhancing male potency, curative for physical weakness, natal and post natal problems, remedy for diabetes and arthritis. It is an aphrodisiacs agent used for preparation of general sex tonic, and immunity-improving drug. The in vitro plantlets production system was investigated on Murashige and Skoog medium with different concentrations and combinations of different hormones such as BAP alone and in combination with AdSO4, with and without IAA and KIN for shoot multiplication. Shoot multiplication was induced on shoot tip. Multiplication was best (88.83%) in shoot tip explants when grown on MS medium supplemented with BAP (6.0 mg/l). Rooting on excised shootlets was highest (91.31%) in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l IBA along with 2.0 mg/l IAA. Rooted plantlets were transferred to the portray for hardening. The potting mix used was sterile coco peat. After plantation the portrays were kept under poly tunnel to retain almost 100% humidity. After 15 days, the new leaves and roots came out and the plantlets were transferred to poly bags containing soil: sand: FYM in 1:1:1 proportion and kept under the shade in green house for secondary hardening. The survival percentage in green house was found 95.83% . Transferred safed musli plantlets established better under net house condition compare to direct exposure into the field. Micro propagation seems to be the best method compared with other methods of multiplication. In Safed musli in vitro method increased the rate of multiplication while combating the problem of long tuber dormancy to facilitate for growing more than one crop per year.