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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2017 - 20192
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Author: Kumari, Nidhi × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Liquid Paraffin and Carbon Dioxide on shelf life and quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Bombay Green
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumari, Nidhi; Kumar Tiwary, Arun
    Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is considered as "King of all fruits" due to its excellent aroma, attractive colour, delicious and juicy pulp packed with vitamins and minerals particularly vitamin-A. Being climacteric in nature, they ripen rapidly after harvest in about 3 to 9 days. High moisture content, soft texture of fruits and susceptibility to various pathogenic infections are limiting factors to its shelf life. The present investigation entitled “Effect of Liquid Paraffin and Carbon Dioxide on shelf life and quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Bombay Green” was carried out in the PG lab of Department of Horticulture, Ranchi Agriculture College, B.A.U. in the year 2018. The studies were undertaken with a view to enhance shelf life with maintained fruit quality and to know the effect of pedicel length, liquid paraffin and CO2 concentration on it. The level of liquid paraffin used has a concentration of 6% and the pedicel length were 0 cm, 0.5 cm, 1.5 cm and 2.5 cm. The CO2 concentration was maintained at 1%. The data from all the 10 treatments were analysed by CRD. Result of the present investigations revealed that different post-harvest treatments exhibited a significant effect on improvement in fruit quality along with extended shelf life. Physical changes viz. physiological loss in weight (PLW), physiological loss in volume, reduction in size (length and width) and fruit spoilage were significantly varied positively over control. On the 15th day of investigation, whole fruits coated with liquid paraffin having no pedicel (T9) exhibited minimum PLW (12.16%) followed by the fruits kept in 1% CO2 (13.17%). However, maximum PLW (26.55%) was recorded in control (T10). Irrespective of treatments a decreasing trend in size (length and width) and the volume of fruits was noticed during the storage period. The highest value of reduction was observed in fruits which remained untreated and stored under ambient conditions. An overall per cent decrease in length varied from 3.14% in T9 (whole coated fruits with no pedicel) to 8.59% in control (T10). Similar, per cent decrease in width was recorded highest (13.04%) in T10 (control) and least of 4.21% in T9. Minimum loss in volume (17.70%) and the maximum loss in volume (38.25%) were recorded in T9 and T10, respectively. Among all the treatments, whole fruit coated with no pedicel (T9) proved to be most effective for increasing the shelf-life (13.3 days) which was followed by the fruits kept in 1% carbon dioxide (12 days). In control, the shelf life reported was 6.5 days. The higher TSS (18.11 oB), total sugar (13.08%), reducing sugar (6.98%), non-reducing sugar (6.10%), titratable acidity (0.317%) and ascorbic acid content (20.46 mg/100 g) were observed on 15th day of storage under the treatment in which whole fruits having no pedicel were coated. Thus, the good fruit qualities were maintained until the 15th day of storage. Net profit of control was found to be ` 180.64 for 100 mangoes and that of whole coated fruit with no pedicel was ` 492.41. So whole coated fruit with no pedicel achieved a profit of ` 311.77 over control. The marginal return per rupee of whole coated fruit with no pedicel was found maximum i.e. 1:2.28 which indicates that just by coating the entire fruits the farmer can earn comparatively more. Hence, on the basis of the above inferences, it may be concluded that the mango fruits cv. „Bombay Green‟ can be stored at ambient storage conditions well to prolonged periods with better retention of physical and physico-chemical properties and at the same time, fetch higher economic returns, if the whole fruit is coated with liquid paraffin (6%).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Identification of genes from Rhizobium isolates of Cicer arietinum L. conferring tolerance to various soil regimes
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2017) Kumari, Nidhi; Dubey, Himanshu
    Rhizobia are gram negative soil bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen i.e. convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia after becoming established inside root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). The plant in turn provides the bacteria with organic compounds made by photosynthesis. Nitrogen is the most common deficient nutrient in many soils and supply of nitrogen through fertilizers has severe environmental concerns. Nitrogen cannot be absorbed by plants directly from atmosphere, but only in the form of salts of nitrogen. Rhizobia are the only nitrogen fixing bacteria living in a symbiotic relationship with legumes. There are various environmental factors like soil pH, temperature etc. which affects the survival of rhizobia as well as the nodulation process and thus the N2 fixation. The soil pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity in soils. Soil pH is considered as an important factor of soils as it controls many chemical processes that take place in plants and microorganisms that live in soil. Vertisols are clay-rich soils that contain a type of “expansive” clay that shrinks and swells dramatically. Vertisols are highly fertile due to their high clay content; however, water tends to pool on their surfaces when they become wet. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important pulses cultivated in Vertisols during winter season. It is a good source of carbohydrates and proteins which together constitute about 80% of the total dry seed mass and the protein quality is considered to be better than other pulses. It has significant amounts of all the essential amino acids except sulfur containing types. It is cholesterol free and is a good source of dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals. Proteomics is a large scale study of proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is commonly used to analyse proteins. In 2-D gel electrophoresis proteins are separated in two dimensions on the basis of 2 independent properties i.e. Isoelectric point [pI] (1st Dimension (Isoelectric focusing (IEF)) and Molecular weight [MW] (2nd Dimension (SDS-PAGE)). Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass to charge ratio and elucidate the chemical structures of molecules, such as peptides and other chemical compounds. MALDI-TOF is a type of MS where MALDI type of ion source is combined with TOF type of analyzer. Here proteins are kept in light absorbing matrix where they are ionized with short pulse of laser light and then desorbed from the matrix into the vacuum system. The objective of my proposed work was to get different protein spots from Rhizobium isolates of chickpea crop by performing 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and then identify the “Candidate Proteins” through MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis in order to identify the genes conferring soil tolerance in Rhizobium. Rhizobium sample from acidic soil of Jharkhand i.e. DLN2 was compared with the Rhizobium sample from vertisol of M.P. i.e. R40. We identified two unique spots whose predicted functions are tight recognition of codon-anticodon pairings by the ribosome thus ensuring the accuracy and fidelity of protein synthesis (spot 1) and catalyzing various biochemical reactions thus helping in cellular metabolism (spot 2).