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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Author: Gulshan Kumar × Start date: 2023 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFICACY OF HERBICIDES AGAINST DIVERSE WEED FLORA OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (2023) Gulshan Kumar; Naiyar. Ali
    Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) holds a significant position among the food grain crops in India, not only in terms of its area and production, but also for its versatility in adapting to a wide range of agro-climatic conditions. Wheat cultivation covered an area of approximately 30 million hectares in India, resulting in a total annual production of 103.5 million tons and an average yield of 3533 kilograms per hectare in 2020 (FAO Stat 2020). By 2051, due to population growth, the production of wheat will have to increase by 110-120 million tons. In wheat cultivation, weed management is a major challenge, which limits crop yield. Wheat is highly susceptible to weed competition in its slow early growth, hence timely weed management is necessary. The manual weed management is considered crucial during the first 60 days, it has become difficult due to labour scarcity and rising labour cost. Therefore, an effective herbicide is required for controlling mixed weed flora during wheat cultivation with minimum cost. An experiment entitled “Efficacy of herbicides against diverse weed flora of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Ranchi during rabi season, 2021-22 to quantify the response of pre and early post emergence herbicides with the main emphasis to find out the effect of herbicides on growth, yield, weed dynamics and economics of wheat. The experiment was led out in randomized block design (RBD) and replicated thrice with the variety DBW 187 under the irrigated condition. The treatment consists of T1: Pendimethalin @ 1000g a.i/ha (PE), T2: Pendimethalin @ 1500g a.i/ha (PE), T3: Pyroxasulfone 85% WG @ 127.5g a.i/ha (PE), T4: Pendimethalin @ 1250g a.i/ha + Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha (tank mix PE), T5: Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + metsulfuron @ 4g a.i/ha (tank mix PE), T6: Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha (EPoE), T7: Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + metsulfuron @ 4g a.i/ha (tank mix EPoE), T8: Metribuzin @ 300g a.i/ha (PE), T9: Pendimethalin @ 1250g a.i/ha + Metribuzin @ 280g a.i/ha (tank mix PE), T10: Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + Metribuzin @ 280g a.i/ha (tank mix PE), T11: Weedy check, T12: Weed free. The soil was clay loam, acidic in reaction (5.6), low in available nitrogen (247.2 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (20.5 kg/ha), potassium (156.1 kg/ha) and low in organic carbon (4.5 g/kg soil). Results revealed that among herbicidal treatments at 30 and 60 DAS, application of Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + metsulfuron @ 4g a.i/ha (tank mix PE) (T5) exhibited the lowest total weed density (31.27 and 46.97/m2 respectively), total weed dry weight (11.31 and 31.47 g/m2 respectively) and the highest weed control efficiency (80.89 and 79.03 %). Similarly, application of Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + metsulfuron @ 4g a.i/ha (tank mix PE) (T5) recorded the highest growth parameter of wheat viz, plant height at maturity (104.33 cm), leaf area index at 90 DAS (4.18), tillers/m2 at maturity (430.57), Dry matter accumulation at maturity (1096.25 g/m2), crop growth rate 30-60 DAS (10.77 g/m2/day), yield attribute viz, spikes/m2 (418.33), number of grain/spike (44.79), spike length (9.48 cm), 1000 - grain weight (46.50 g), grain yield (5.81 t/ha), straw yield (6.65 t/ha) and net return (₹ 77696/ha) among herbicidal treatments. On the basis of one year experimentation, it may be concluded that among herbicidal treatments application of Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + metsulfuron @ 4g a.i/ha (tank mix PE) (T5) proved to be effective in suppressing weeds and recorded maximum grain yield (5.81 t/ha) and net return (₹ 77696/ha) with B:C ratio (1.82) of wheat for acidic soils of Jharkhand under irrigated condition.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFICACY OF HERBICIDES AGAINST DIVERSE WEED FLORA OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (2023) Gulshan Kumar; Naiyar. Ali
    Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) holds a significant position among the food grain crops in India, not only in terms of its area and production, but also for its versatility in adapting to a wide range of agro-climatic conditions. Wheat cultivation covered an area of approximately 30 million hectares in India, resulting in a total annual production of 103.5 million tons and an average yield of 3533 kilograms per hectare in 2020 (FAO Stat 2020). By 2051, due to population growth, the production of wheat will have to increase by 110-120 million tons. In wheat cultivation, weed management is a major challenge, which limits crop yield. Wheat is highly susceptible to weed competition in its slow early growth, hence timely weed management is necessary. The manual weed management is considered crucial during the first 60 days, it has become difficult due to labour scarcity and rising labour cost. Therefore, an effective herbicide is required for controlling mixed weed flora during wheat cultivation with minimum cost. An experiment entitled “Efficacy of herbicides against diverse weed flora of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Ranchi during rabi season, 2021-22 to quantify the response of pre and early post emergence herbicides with the main emphasis to find out the effect of herbicides on growth, yield, weed dynamics and economics of wheat. The experiment was led out in randomized block design (RBD) and replicated thrice with the variety DBW 187 under the irrigated condition. The treatment consists of T1: Pendimethalin @ 1000g a.i/ha (PE), T2: Pendimethalin @ 1500g a.i/ha (PE), T3: Pyroxasulfone 85% WG @ 127.5g a.i/ha (PE), T4: Pendimethalin @ 1250g a.i/ha + Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha (tank mix PE), T5: Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + metsulfuron @ 4g a.i/ha (tank mix PE), T6: Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha (EPoE), T7: Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + metsulfuron @ 4g a.i/ha (tank mix EPoE), T8: Metribuzin @ 300g a.i/ha (PE), T9: Pendimethalin @ 1250g a.i/ha + Metribuzin @ 280g a.i/ha (tank mix PE), T10: Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + Metribuzin @ 280g a.i/ha (tank mix PE), T11: Weedy check, T12: Weed free. The soil was clay loam, acidic in reaction (5.6), low in available nitrogen (247.2 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (20.5 kg/ha), potassium (156.1 kg/ha) and low in organic carbon (4.5 g/kg soil). Results revealed that among herbicidal treatments at 30 and 60 DAS, application of Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + metsulfuron @ 4g a.i/ha (tank mix PE) (T5) exhibited the lowest total weed density (31.27 and 46.97/m2 respectively), total weed dry weight (11.31 and 31.47 g/m2 respectively) and the highest weed control efficiency (80.89 and 79.03 %). Similarly, application of Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + metsulfuron @ 4g a.i/ha (tank mix PE) (T5) recorded the highest growth parameter of wheat viz, plant height at maturity (104.33 cm), leaf area index at 90 DAS (4.18), tillers/m2 at maturity (430.57), Dry matter accumulation at maturity (1096.25 g/m2), crop growth rate 30-60 DAS (10.77 g/m2/day), yield attribute viz, spikes/m2 (418.33), number of grain/spike (44.79), spike length (9.48 cm), 1000 - grain weight (46.50 g), grain yield (5.81 t/ha), straw yield (6.65 t/ha) and net return (₹ 77696/ha) among herbicidal treatments. On the basis of one year experimentation, it may be concluded that among herbicidal treatments application of Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5g a.i/ha + metsulfuron @ 4g a.i/ha (tank mix PE) (T5) proved to be effective in suppressing weeds and recorded maximum grain yield (5.81 t/ha) and net return (₹ 77696/ha) with B:C ratio (1.82) of wheat for acidic soils of Jharkhand under irrigated condition.