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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Author: CHANDRA NARAYAN, SATISH × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BREEDING FOR DUAL PURPOSE MAIZE (Zea mays.L) UNDER MOISTURE STRESS CONDITION
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2020) CHANDRA NARAYAN, SATISH; Chakraborty, M.
    Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal and fodder crop cultivated across the world. It is a termed as ‟Queen of Cereals” due to its versatile features and multipurpose use. i.e. food and feed. Among the crop and forage plants, it has important role in global food security. But the target of increasing maize production and productivity has been hindered by the global climate changes which create abiotic and biotic stress to the crop. This change in climate is posing problem and risk to the farmers for managing their crops under situations like flood and drought. Losses due to drought in lowland tropics averaged 17% (Edmeades et al., 1992), and it reached up to 60% in severely drought-affected regions/seasons (Rosen and Scott, 1992). Due to waterlogging problem caused by high water table or poor drainage caused maize crop losses upto 15% in South and South-East Asia (Rathore et al., 1996, Chen et al., 2014). . The present experiments were conducted for better understanding and characterization of traits for location specific responses under flood and drought situations. Experiments were conducted under three situations, normal irrigated, excessive moisture and drought stress to identify the parents and selection of suitable hybrids with significant traits. Hybrids were also evaluated for their responses against diseases and insect pests. Among hundred genotypes twenty six parent materials were selected on the basis of per cent change under three situations viz normal irrigated 2017, waterlogged kharif 2017 and drought (rabi 2017-18 in (rainout shelter).These twenty six selected genotypes were used as female parents to make crosses (kharif 2018) with three testers HKI1532, BAUIM2 and HKI577 in line x testers mating design. Total one hundred twelve experimental materials consisted of seventy eight single cross hybrids, three testers ,twenty six parents and five checks were planted in maize research farm during kharif 2019 and evaluated under water regimes ( waterlogging for seven days at 10 days after sowing(10DAS),30days after sowing(30DAS) and 50days after sowing(50DAS) along with control plot in RBD replicated two times. However mild (50Kpa) and severe(70Kpa) drought was imposed from flowering to grain filling stage under rainout shelter in unreplicated single line plots during rabi 2018-19 season. The experiment of disease and pests were carried out during kharif 2019 in maize research farm. The experiments were conducted in W section and maize research farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi. The experimental materials were found significantly different with each other for most of the characters under different situations. Under normal irrigated condition all the genotypes performed with their maximum values for all the traits. Under waterlogging stress condition most of the characters like plant height (PH), ear height(EH), numbers of leaves per plant(LPP), number of dry leaves(DL),cob girth(CG), cob length(CL), number of kernels per cob(K/C), number of kernels per row (K/R),grain yield per plot(GY/Plot), 100 seed weight (TW), number of ears per plant(NEP), leaf area index(LAI), leaf relative water content(LRWC), green fodder weight(GFW), dry fodder weight (DFW), root length(RL), fresh root weight (FRW), dry root weight (DRW) recorded was decreased in comparison to the control plots except days to 50% tasseling (DT), days to 50% silking (DS), Anthesis-silking intervals (ASI), barrenness percentage(BP) and number of brace roots(NBR) which were increased compare to control plot. Due to effect of waterlogging DT, DS was extended and ASI was prolonged. Maximum per cent reduction was observed under waterlogging at 10DAS , lower reduction at 30DAS and minimum per cent reduction was observed at 50DAS.This result showed that initial vegetative stage (upto 10DAS)was most susceptible to waterlogging and then susceptibility decreased with growth stage i.e. 30DAS and 50DAS. Under Drought stress most of the parameters showed per cent reduction compared to control. Plant height (PH), ear height(EH), numbers of leaves per plant(LPP), number of dry leaves(DL),cob girth(CG), cob length(CL), number of kernels per cob(K/C), number of kernels per row (K/R),grain yield per plot(GY/Plot), 100 seed weight (TW), number of ears per plant(NEP), leaf area index(LAI), leaf relative water content(LRWC), green fodder weight(GFW), dry fodder weight (DFW), root length(RL), fresh root weight (FRW), dry root weight (DRW) was decreased in comparison to the control plot. Due to effect of drought some genotypes was earlier in DT, but DS and ASI were extended similar to waterlogged stress. BP was also increased under drought stress .Maximum per cent reduction was observed under severe(70Kpa) stress in comparison to low (50Kpa) drought condition than its control . Under waterlogging stress hybrids BAU-15-102 X HKI1532, BAU-15-102 X HKI 577, BAU-15-78 -1 X HKI 577, BAU-.15-87 X HKI1532 andBAU-15-178 X HKI1532 were found tolerant in comparison to others for grain purpose while BAU-15-71 X HKI1532, BAU-15-145 X HKI1532 and BAU-15-255 XHKI1532 for green and dry fodder purpose .But ,under drought stress BAU-15-75 X HKI1532, BAU-15-185 X HKI1532 and 52302 X HKI1532 hybrids observed suitable for grain purpose and BAU-15-255 X HKI1532, BAU-15-71 X HKI1532 and BAU-15-145 X HKI1532 for fodder propose. These hybrids may be recommended for cultivation under respective stress situations i.e. waterlogging and drought condition. Hybrids BAU-15-178 X BAUIM2, 52513 X BAUIM2 were found tolerant to TLB and MLB than other hybrids. Minimum loss was observed in hybrids 52082 X HKI1532 (23.7); BAU-15-87 X HKI 577(4.6), BAU-15-87 X HKI 577 and 52216 X HKI1532 by insects pests under study. These selected hybrids with tolerance capacity may be used under the field where disease and insect pests are a major problem. Among the parents inbred HKI1532 is also recommended to be used in future breeding programmes. Under waterlogging and drought stress situation, traits which were found important for improvement in genotypes are PH, EH, ASI, CL, K/C, K/R, GY/Plot, GFW, DFW, BP and TW.