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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2010 - 20196
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Subject: Veterinary Microbiology × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative Study on Isolation and Identification of Methicillin Resistant and Non Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus from Mastitic Milk
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Kumari, Sweeta; Prasad, Arun
    Comparative Study on Isolation and Identification of Methicillin Resistant and Non Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus from Mastitic Milk
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON IMMUNOMODULATOY EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Trigonellafoenum-graecumLEAVES IN BROILER CHICKS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) MURMU, SUNITA KUMARI; Prasad, Arun
    On the basis of above finding it can be concluded that the dose 50mg/kg b.wt and 100mg/kg b.wt of ethanolic extract of fenugreek leaves has immunomodulatory effect in broiler chicks, but as the dose increased above from the range of 200 to 400 mg/kg b.wt the toxicity has been observed in liver and kidney which is evident by histopathlogy. Effect of ethanolic extract of fenugreek leaves of treatment on blood biochemical profile showed a mild increase in total serum protein and total serum globulin indicating better humoral immune response. The effect of ethanolic extract of fenugreek leaves showed mild increase in hemoglobin, PCV, TEC. Maternal haemagglutination inhibition titre against NDV vaccine was detectable only up to 21 days of age in non-vaccinated control group of chicks. Food Conversion Ratio(FCR) of higher weight gain per bird at the sale counter fetching more money to farmers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF COW URINE DISTILLATE ON HUMORAL AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE PARAMETERS IN BROILER CHICKS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Jojo, Rakesh; Prasad, Arun
    The present study on the topic “Immunomodulatory effect of cow urine distillate on humoral and cell mediated immune parameters in broiler chicks” was conducted to asses the immunomodulatory effect of feeding CUD (@ 10ml/ltr. of drinking water) with comparison to that of a known positive immunomodulator, LevamisoleHCL(@ 10mg/kg b.wt.) feed supplement daily for 42 days on humoral and cell mediated immune parameters including effect on serum protein, av. body weight gain, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio(FCR). For this purpose Eighty day old vencobb chicks were procured and maintained under standard farm condition in Avian Research and Development centre (ARDC), RVC, Kanke, Ranchi. Initially, the all chicks were kept under hover for first 6 days and on 7th day chicks were randomly allocated to different treatment groups comprising of 20 chicks in each were done as follows Gr.T1- received CUD and vaccinated with NDV vaccine (LaSota strain), Gr.T2- received Levamisole and vaccinated, Gr.T3- received normal feed but was vaccinated and Gr.T4 was kept as untreated and unvaccinated control. Birds of three groups (Gr.T1, Gr.T2& Gr.T3) received scheduled IBD and booster NDV vaccine (R2B strain) on 14th and 28thday but not Gr.T4. For monitoring humoral immune response against NDV vaccine, HI test was done using β procedure as per the standard protocol of Buxton and Frazer (1977). Prevaccination MHI antibody titre was measured on day 0 and 7 for knowing the status of maternally derived antibodies. Post vaccination MHI antibody titre was measured on weekly interval after RD vaccination to asses the effect of treatment to different groups. For monitoring cell mediated immune response status in all the four groups, contact sensitivity test using DNFB (2’ 4’ dinitrofluorobenzene) as contact sensitizer was used as per method of Tiwary and Goel (1985). Besides measuring mean skin thickness at test skin sites for comparison in all the four groups of birds, the skin section were also examined histopathologically to authenticate the nature of reaction i.e. whether they were a DTH reaction or not. 1. The chicks carried a detectable level of maternal antibody upto three weeks of their age. From 28th day of age, Gr.T4 did not show any level of MHI antibody titre against RD virus vaccine due to complete depletion of maternal antibody. On all weekly intervals post RD vaccination, higher MHI antibody titre was observed in levamisole treated group than any other groups. There was significantly(p<0.01) higher MHI titre observed in the levamisole treated group T2 than T1(CUD) treated group and two control groups at most ages post vaccination. Maternal antibody showed decreasing value with the advancement of age but MHI titre against RD vaccination showed increasing trends after vaccination on day 7 and 28. 2. A significantly (p<0.01) higher mean skin thickness was observed in Gr.T1 and Gr.T2 as compared to control groups (T3&T4) at 24 and 48 hrs. post challenge with DNFB. Further decreasing trend was observed at 72hrs. On histopathological examination, the stained tissue sections of test side showed mild to heavy infiltration with mononuclear cells and congestion suggesting a DTH reaction while right side challenged with vehicle only, stained section showed normal skin histology. 3. Higher values of serum protein, albumin and globulin were observed in treatment groups as compared to control groups. 4. At the end of experiment, the effect of treatments had significant influence on body weight at 42 days and observed higher weight in treatment groups which differed significantly(p<0.01) than control groups . Weight gain and feed conversion ratio was better in group T2 followed by T1, T3 and T4. By seeing the immunopotentiating effect of CUD on humoral immune response against NDV virus vaccine as direct test (HI test) and also in contact sensitivity a (DTH) test using DNFB as an indirect correlate of CMI, the use of CUD as immunomodulating agent may be advocated. It may be used as safety immunopotentiator to the birds @ 10ml/ltr. of drinking water to boost their immunity and to overcome immunosuppression and vaccine failure. Better CMI in treated groups advocate its better protective role in case of viral infections including other intracellular pathogens. These may also increase the body weight of broiler birds due to better FCR giving better gain to farmers and poultry industrialists.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ROLE OF INACTIVATED VACCINE IN THE PRESENCE OF HIGH MATERNAL ANTIBODIES IN PUPS FOR PARVOVIRUS IMMUNIZATION
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2011) SINGH, SHREENIWAS; Prasad, Arun
    The present research was carried out to study the prophylactic efficacy of inactivated vaccine and interference of maternal antibodies in eliciting immune response to inactivated vaccine against canine parvovirus. For this purpose, a five week’s vaccination trial was conducted in pups. This study was carried out in the duck unit of Ranchi Veterinary College, where the animals were housed throughout the period of study. The pups were grouped in 5 batches of 6 pups each and were monitored closely for two weeks before their inclusion in the study group. The pups were de-wormed at least seven days prior to vaccination. Regular cleaning and washing of rooms was followed with disinfectant to avoid any contamination and concurrent spread of parvovirus infection. Certain inclusion and exclusion criterion were followed while enrolling pups in this study group. Gr 1- received primary vaccination on 45-50 days of age with inactivated vaccine followed by boosters with live vaccine on 15th and 45th day from day of primary vaccination. Gr 2- received primary vaccination on 60 days of age with inactivated vaccine followed by boosters with live one on 30th and 60th day from day of primary vaccination. Gr 3 and Gr 4 received vaccination on 0th day, 30th day and 60th day with live vaccines whereas Gr 5 served as control group with no vaccination. For monitoring immune response against CPV vaccine in each group, estimation of maternal antibody haemagglutination inhibition antibody titer and serum neutralization antibody titer was observed on 0th day prior to administration of vaccine and the data was compared with titers obtained on 28th day and 35th day serum samples using 8HA unit of CPV(ka/BE) strain antigen. Mean HI antibody titer against Canine Parvovirus vaccine virus was found to be higher in Gr 2 (107±47.7, 153±47.7, 443±190 ) than Gr 1 (120±43.6, 133±16.8, 267±33.7 ) while Gr 3 (117±45.3, 143±44.0, 320±71.4 ) and Gr 4 (113±46.5, 140±40.8, 280±82.0 ) showed similar pattern in antibody titer. Similarly, mean SNT antibody titer against Canine Parvovirus vaccine virus was found to be higher in Gr 2 (57±22.7, 120±48.1, 240±94.2 ) than Gr 1 (60±8.9, 113±22.3, 227±124.6 ) while Gr 3 (53±12.2, 87±25.6, 187±44.6 ) and Gr 4 (67±21.6, 83±25.5, 146±33.7 ) showed similar pattern in antibody titer. Analysis of variance test showed no significant effect of groups on HI and SNT antibody titers against Canine Parvovirus. On day 28 , it was observed that there was marginal increase in antibody titers in all the vaccinated group, probably due to interference by maternal antibodies and less antigen stimulation by vaccine but it increased substantially on day 35 due to depletion of maternal antibody titer. Control group showed progressive decrease in HI and SNT antibody titers on day 28 and day 35. Pups with haemagglutination inhibition titers greater than or equal to 1:80 showed more interference to active immunization. Within group variation in antibody titer was noticed in all the groups, though the pups belonged to the same litter. Haemagglutination test, unlike Serum Neutralization test, does not always detect differences in amount of antibody titers when the amount of antibody titer is low, indicating Serum Neutralization test is more specific in detecting serum antibody titer. The age of the pups belonging to Group 1 falls in the “Window of Vulnerability” period. Hence the within group variation in antibody titer is less pronounced in this group suggesting more interference to both inactivated and live vaccines. Killed vaccines can also be blocked by maternally derived antibodies. Killed vaccine only prime the immune response, requiring further doses to provide protective immunity. From the findings of the present study, the role of inactivated vaccine in the presence of high maternal antibodies in pups has been discussed and its potential inclusion in vaccination protocol for puppies has been advocated.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON COMPARATIVE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF MEGAVAC-6 WITH VANGUARD 5L AND NOBIVAC DHPPI FOR PARVOVIRUS IMMUNIZATION
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2012) Kumari, Meera; Prasad, Arun
    The present study on the topic “Studies on comparative efficacy and safety of Megavac 6 with Vanguard 5L and Nobivac DHPPI for parvovirus immunization” was carried out to eliciting immune response in pups against parvovirus infection. For this purpose 24 unvaccinated healthy puppies (Non descript), 8-18 wks were enrolled and divided into four groups. Each contained 6 pups. GrpI received Megavac 6, grpII received Vanguard 5 L, grpIII received Nobivac DHPPI and grp IV was taken as control. To determine efficacy of vaccines estimation of maternal antibody was observed by HI and SNT as per Buxton and Frazer 1997 on 0th day prior to administration of vaccine and data was compared with titres obtained on 28th day and 35th day. The pups carried a detectable level of maternal antibody on 0th day not showed any significant difference between different groups. After vaccination on day 28th and 35th Megavac 6 treated groups showed highly significant (p<0.01) MHI and SNT antibody titre than Vanguard 5L treated group and Nobivac DHPPI treated groups. Control group i.e. grp IV showed significant decrease in HI and SNT antibody titre. No unusual symptoms were noted. Non of the group showed any adverse reaction during and after vaccination. Based on the findings of the trial, following conclusion can be drawn. Megavac 6, Vanguard 5L & Nobivac DHPPI can be used to protect dogs against parvovirus infection. Efficacy of Megavac 6 was better than vanguard5L & Nobivac DHPPI & was more active during maternal antibody interference. Megavac 6, Vanguard 5L &Nobivac DHPPI were safe & did not show any adverse reaction during &after vaccination. The health status of the pups vaccinated with Megavac 6 Vanguard 5L & Nobivac DHHPI were sound and better in comparison to unvaccinated animals.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT AND DRIED POWDER OF Moringa oleifera LEAF IN BROILER CHICKS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2012) Akhouri, Swechha; Prasad, Arun
    In our present study on the topic “Studies on immunomodulatory effect of aqueous extract and dried powder of Moringa oleifera leaf in Broiler Chicks, the immunomodulatory properties of a reputed Ayurvedic herb, Moringa oleifera was assessed using various experimental parameters. During the study, fifty broiler chicks(day old) were procured and grouped into 5 experimental groups viz. T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 comprising of 10 chicks each, on day 7. The chicks were vaccinated against Ranikhet disease (RD) virus on day 7(F1 strain) and day 28 (R2B strain) except the fifth group which served as unvaccinated control group. All the groups of chicks were vaccinated against Infectious bursal disease (IBD) on day 14 (Georgia strain). The birds were maintained under similar managemental conditions and exposure to any sort of injury or stress was avoided. First two groups of chicks, T1 and T2 were fed with aqueous extract and dried powder of Moringa oleifera respectively each @ 250 mg/kg b. wt. For comparison, a Levamisole fed group T3 was included in the experimental design to compare the immunomodulatory effect of the preparations of M.oleifera with that of a known positive immunomodulator Levamisole fed @10 mg/kg b.wt. The other two groups T4 and T5 included in the experimental design served as the vaccinated and unvaccinated control groups respectively. The effect of the herb on humoral immune response was evaluated using beta procedure of haemagglutination inhibition test against RD virus, as per the standard protocol of Buxton and Frazer (1977). The effect of treatment on cell mediated immune response of the chicks was monitored through contact sensitivity test as per Tiwary and Goel (1985) with slight modification. The effect of treatment on non specific immune response was measured through nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test as per Culling et al., Certain blood biochemical profiles viz. total serum protein, serum albumin, serum globulin; albumin-globulin ratio and haemoglobin concentration were also estimated at the end of the experiment. Effect of feeding of M.oleifera preparations on average body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds was also estimated at weekly intervals. The HI test conducted on serum samples of 6 randomly selected birds of each group at weekly intervals showed higher MHI Ab titre in the Levamisole treated group than any other experimental group, after 21 days. M.oleifera treated groups T1, T2 showed a stimulatory effect on humoral immune response as judged by the MHI Ab titre of the broilers. The contact sensitivity test was conducted with DNFB as contact sensitizer to assess the effect of M.oleifera on Cell mediated immune response which was observed in the form of an increase in the mean skin thickness (MST) of the DNFB challenged area of skin of the birds. The peak delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, represented by maximum MST, was observed 24 hrs. post challenge. The MST of Levamisole treated group was significantly higher than the control at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hrs post challenge. M.oleifera showed higher MST than the control groups at up to 48 hrs. Post challenge. Feeding of M.oleifera showed positive effect on the MST of the DNFB challenged birds. All the chicks of all the groups showed significantly higher MST on the challenged site when compared to MST of control site of the chicks. The non specific immune response was measured by counting formazan positive cell. Levamisole treated group showed significantly highest formazan positive cells from day 21.The Formazan counting of group T1 and T2 was higher than groups T4 on day 21 onwards and the difference was significant. No significant difference was observed in the MHI Ab titre of M.oleifera leaves aqueous extract treated group T1 and M.oleifera leaves powder treated group T2 up to day 42 but group T1showed a higher formazan positive cell Blood biochemical profile viz. total serum protein and serum albumin using Coral diagnostic kit Percentage Serum samples collected on 42 day were used for the estimation of the albumin; serum globulin and albumin-globulin ratio were further evaluated. The treatment groups showed significant difference in total protein, serum albumin level, but no significant difference was observed in serum globumin and albumin globulin ratio. At the end of the experiment, uncoagulated blood was collected from representative samples of each group for haemoglobin estimation. The treatments showed significant effect on the Hb% of the broilers. The highest Hb % was recorded in group T2 treated with dried powder of M.oleifera followed by T1 treated with aqueous extract of M. oleifera, followed by levamisole treated group, positive control, and Negative control group. M.oleifera treated group showed higher average body weight than any other experimental group at most of the time and the average body weight of the group was observed to be significantly higher than the control groups on day 42. The average body weight of the three test groups however did not differ significantly from each other at any point of time. M. oleifera fed group showed better FCR than other groups followed by levamisole treated groups followed by the vaccinated and unvaccinated control groups of chicks. Based on the above findings, it may be said that M. oleifera treated, groups when fed @ 250 mg/kg b. wt., has a stimulatory effect on immune response and feed conversion efficiency of the broilers. However the immunomodulatory effect of Levamisole is higher than the herbal preparations. Thus, we can conclude that aqueous extract and dried powder of M. oleifera may be recommended as a safe and commercially beneficial immunomodulator for better immune response on mass vaccination and side by side to get better body weight gain and haemoglobin % in the flock for commercial benefit.