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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Local Isolate of Salmonella Gallinarum With Special Reference to the Pathogenicity and Differential Diagnosis(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Arun Prasad; J.P. SomanFowl typhoid is an important contagious disease of poultry inflicting heavy economic loss by way of heavy morbidity and mortality. In recent past its occurrence has also been reported from Chotanagpur region of Bihar. The present study was undertaken to identify the causative agent with respect to its biochemical characteristics and antigenic nature and to assess the role of immune system in protection against experimental infection. The causative agent of the disease S. gallinarum was successfully isolated from dead birds received for postmortem examination in the Department of Pathology from different poultry farms located nearby the Institute. In addition, the isolation was also made from the birds sent from the poultry farms of Jamshedpur and Ramgarh. The organism was biochemically confirmed as S. gallinarum and its serological confirmation was made by National Salmonella Centre, Hygiene Institute, Hamburg, West Germany. It had 9,12 somatic antigens without flagellar antigenicity. When subjected to biochemical test the isolate was found similar to reference strain of S. gallinarum except that it had delayed positivity to HS gas production and citrate utilization. The whole cell lysate of S. gallinarum when subjected to SDS-PAGE technique revealed a total of 11 protein bands of which six bands were common to S. pullorun. The local isolate was found identical to reference S. gallinarum strain. Since both serotypes were found to have dis-similarity in cellular pins, SDS-PAGE technique can be employed for differential diagnosis. This technique has been used for the first time in the present study.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Immunomodulatory Effect of Centlia Asiatica Phylanthus Niruri, Tinospora Cordifolia And Vigna Radiata In Rabbits(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Prasant Kumar Subudhi; B.K. TiwariThe basic objective of this study was to elucidate if the plant derivatives/preparations of Centella asiatica (CA), Phyllanthus niruri (PN), Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and Vigna radiata (VR); have any immunomodulatory effect in vivo, in non-immuno compromised healthy subjects, on a long term regimen. Shade dried fresh leaves of CA (250 mg/kg daily dose orally), shade dried matured plant without roots of PN (decoction of 500 mg dry powder/kg daily dose orally), shade dried matured plant stem of TC (decoction of 500 mg dry powder/kg daily dose orally) and sprouted seeds of VR (5 g dry seed/kg daily dose orally) were studied for such effect in rabbits. All the plant derivatives/preparations were found to have modulatory effect on immune mechanisms in vivo. CA was found to suppress the humoral immune response to Salmonella gallinarum 0° antigen (SG 0 Ag) and DTH response to contact sensitizer DNFB; but hyper stimulated neutrophil PMNs on prolonged treatment resulting in degranulation of neutrophils (PMNS) of treated animals in response to NBT dye in vitro when NBT test was performed after 45 days of continuous CA administration. It was found to have ant allergic effect as induction of type-1 hypersensitivity to SG 0 Ag in CA treated animals failed to produce any symptom. It was also found to have certain anti-inflammatory effect as seen in the inflammatory response post contact sensitization with DNFB, in the treated animals. PN did not seem to have any direct modulatory effect on the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. It neither had any activating effect on PMNS. However, it suppressed to some extent inflammatory response post contact sensitization with DNFB and prevented death due to induced type-1 hypersensitivity to SG O'Ag indicating its anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities which was of a lesser degree than that of CA. TC also did not seem to have any direct modulatory effect on the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses; but hyper stimulated neutrophils (PMNS) on prolonged treatment and exhibited a similar activity as CA in this regard. It also exhibited certain anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory actives which was more marked than PN but of a lesser degree than that of CA. VR augmented the humoral responses of treated animals. Activity of phagocytozing after. 45 response by VR PMNS and cell mediated It also enhanced the immune phagocytic as evidenced by higher percentage. PMNS in the peripheral blood of treated. days of continuous VR administration. post contact sensitization with DNFB was and the induced type-1 hypersensitivity SG O Ag was more pronounced. of NBT animals Inflammatory intensified reaction These observations indicate VR has general immunity enhancing properties. to that The possible mechanism (s) of action (s) and avenues clinical application of the plant preparations have been discussed.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on The Influence of Facial Micro flora on the Colonization and Infection of Salmonella gallinarum in Chicks(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Bimal Kumar Hembram; M. P. Singh. Adult deal chickens faecal micro flora had a protective effect against Salgonelle sallinarus infection in chicks. 2. Diluted fasons protected young chicks from Salmonella sallinarus infection as well as systemic infection. 3. Three doses diluted fescue feeding trial within 7 days gave better protection than single dose diluted fances feeding. 4 Isolates of Enter bacteria induced low level of protection against systemic infection of i. gallinarum. 5. Isolates other than enter bacteria had least protective nativity against S gallinaru. 6. Total isolated microflore gave better protection than organisms of Enter bacteria or other than enter bacteria. It was concluded that the present biological method might be used for protection of young chicks against . S gellinarus infection. However, extensive research is needed to identify which bacterium or group of bacteria play role in protection against S. gallinarum infection by colonization in intestine.ThesisItem Open Access Development of Live Attenuated Vaccine against Goat Pox(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Sandeep Kumar Agrawal; Dr. J. P. SomanIn cross protection test against sheep pox and contagious ecthywa viruses, sheep and goats immunized with 1,000 TOID50 dose of the virus were partially protected when their immunity was challenged using pathogenic sheep pox and contagious ecthyua viruses. Homologous vaccines are therefore recommended to be used for immunization against these diseases. The replicative nature of the 50th passaged virus in cell cultures was similar to that found in original virus. It is opined that immunogenicity of the virus is related with its replicative nature. Another positive point in favour of the virus employed as vaccine was that it could not spread from immunized to in contact goats. With the results obtained it is claimed that the virus is well modified for the development of alive vaccine against goat poz. A large scale trial is therefore, recommended using animals of different ages, breeds, sexes and pregnancy to assess its suitability as alive attenuated vaccine for case immunization of goats against goat pox.ThesisItem Open Access Cytopathic and Immunogenic Studies of Goat Pox Virus Cultivated and Adapted in Cell Cultures(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Mahesh Chandra Katiyar; Dr. J. P. SomanIn view of the economic significance of goat pox disease for goat husbandry in Chotanagpur and santhal Pergana region of Bihar, attempts made for the serial cultivation of the local isolate of goat pox virus (CPV) designated as "Ranchi" strain in cell cultures to compare its characteristics with that of standard "Mukteswar" strain in order to evolve a vaccine of tissue culture origin against the disease in near future. The virus has been successfully grown in three primary cell cultures derived from goat kidneys (CK), goat testes (GT) and sheep kidneys (ex). The CPE characterized by granulation of the infected monolayer was an indication of the growth of the virus. At 10th passage in GK cell cultures, the virus was found adapted by infectivity titrations in goats as well as cell cultures. At 5th passage, the titration of the "Ranchi" strain vas 1 x 104.5 CID/ml and 1 x TCIDS when tested in goats and cell cultures respectively, where as it was 5 x 10 55cIDg/ml and 5 x 100.5 TCID/ml when tested at 10th passage level. Both strains of CPV serially grown in GK cell cultures were examined at 10th passage for their cytopathogenic behaviors. Both unstained and stained cultureere examined at 24 hour intervals upto 120 hours for cytopathic changes. In infected unstained GK cultures, cytopathie effect (CPE) was characterised by granulation, which was recorded in the monolayers an early as 48 hours. It was intensified in the form of tracts with further incubation. May-Crumveld-Giemsa (MGC) atain was found superior to H&E in demonstrating the cytological changes. The nuclear alteration was recorded @s early as 24 hours post-infection. It was characterized by increased nuclear size, chromatin fragmentation and nuclear inclusions. Intranuclear inclusions, however, had staining characteristic similar to that of nucleoli. They might be one or more with variable shapes predominantly circular ond cylindrical. On further incubation, reduction in nuclear size (Pycnotic), martination of chromatin and formation of nuclear vacuoles were recorded. At 48 hours, the intracytoplasmic inclusions in different shapes were demonstrable. They w metachromatic, homogeneous bodies with or without halo, when GG stained af eosinophilic, when H&E steined. These inclusions were more prominent of further incubation. Intensity of infection increased with the time of inc with seridine orange staining, the nuclear inclusions were confir be nucleoli as they had nucleolar steining characteristic, i.e. red in col The nucleoli might have changed in shapes and sises due to their increased roles in the viral replicative cycles. Nuclear vecuoles were found to be blank with this staining. The both GPV strains had similar cytopathic behaviours but "Maketegs strain was more aggressive to the cells. The intracytoplasmic inclusions and nuclear vacuoles caused by CP similar to those induced by sheep pox virus but the granulation and nuclear changes seemed to be specific and diagnostic to GPV.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of Salmonella Callinarum Isolated From Natural Cases of Fowl- Typhoid(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1989) Bhattacharya Asis; M.P. SinghThere is no published report regarding the occurrence of S. gallinarum infection (Fowl typhoid) in part from Bihar state. However, the results of the present study indicate that there is incidence of S. gallinarum infection in poultry up to the extent of 4.06 per cent in Chotanagpur region of Bihar. Fowl typhoid is of extrems economic importance inpoultry in view of heavy mortality and egg borne transmission. It warrants the urgent need for systematic survey and investi gation to detect the infected birds and eliminate those birds from the flock. The incidence of the disease may go very high in future, unless a strict eradication programme is followed immediately. The present investigation suggests the need for the further research relevant to broadening the knowledge regarding the mechanism of enteropathogenicity of Salmonella gallinarum. There are good number of tests which can be used to diagnose fowl typhoid, but till any better diagnostic test is evolved, whole blood plate agglutination test is the only choice for detecting . gallinarum-pullorum infection in the field.ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Pox Diseases Of Sheep And Goats With Differential Diagnosis And Host(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1989) Datta Subrata; J.P. SomanIn the present study, using immunoperoxidase test, attempt was made to study the replicative nature and determine antigenic appearance in goat pox virus infected cells. The antigen was detected as early as 12 hour post-infection. The study indicated that the GPV multiplied in the cytoplasm of the cells as the antigens were exclusively detected only in the cytoplasm. In an attempt to develop a rapid and cheap immune diagnostic test for the differentiation of all three pox diseases, dot-immune binding assay was performed on common Whatman filter and Whatman cellulose acetate membrane filter papers. With HRP tagged goat pox immune globulins, positive reaction was observed in all the three pox viruses employed in the present study. The differential diagnosis was possible only with mono specific tagged immune globulins. Since dot immune binding assay is cheap, sensitive, easy to perform and takes only 3-4 hours in declaring the result, it is recommended that this technique as perfected in the present study can be employed for differential diagnosis of pox diseases of sheep and goats.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA VIRUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS CYTOPATHIC , PHYSICO- CHEMICAL AND IMMUNOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS(Birsa Agricultural University, 1986) Sinha, OM PRKASH; SOMAN, J.P.In the present study, using a local isolate of CEV described as "Ranchi" strain, attempts were made to find out the host range and to grow the virus in different cell cultures to study its cytopathogenicity and physico-chemical characteristics. Among other things, an immunological comparison was also made with SPV and GPV to select out a test for the differential diagnosis of pox infections of sheep and goats. The CEV was successfully cultivated in GK, SK and CHF cell cultures. The growth of the virus in cell cultures vas confirmed by inoculating the virus back to susceptible goats. The virus was found adapted by serial cultivation in GK cell cultures. The titre of the virus in this cell culture at 5th passage level was 5X106.5 TOID/ml, whereas it rose to 5x107.5 TOID50/m1 at 10th passage level. The granulation was observed to be the main characteristic sign of the OPE in GK and SK cell cultures, whereas rounding of cells was observed to be the most striking feature of the CPE in CEF cell culture. In stained preparations, eosinophilia (M&E) or metachromatic (KGG) inclusions with clear halos were observed in infected cells at 24 hours PI and onwards. The nuclear vacuolation as reported with GPV and SPV was not observed at any stage of infection. Similarly nuclear inclusions as reported with GPV were not noted with CEV. In some cells several organized small inclusions interspersed in the cytoplasm, in addition to the large mass, seemed to be another characteristic feature of the CEV. Tracts of infectedThesisItem Open Access CARRIER STATE OF SALMONELLA, PSEUDOMONAS AND PROTENS IN CHICKENS IN THE UNIVERSITY, STATE AND PROVATE POULTRY FARMS AROUND RANCHI CITY(Birsa Agricultural University, 1983) Prasad, KAMTA; Sharma, T.S.Salmonella, pseudomonas and Protein infection has assumed a considerable economic significance in all countries where the poultry industry is well established. Heavy mortality among chickens has been reported in many states of India. The present study on the incidence of the salmonello, Pasudomonas and Proteus has been undertaken. 1. The study included the poultry units of the Ranchi Veterinary Collega (R.V.C.), Ranchi and various private poultry farms around the Ranchi city. 2. For isolation and identification of Salmonella. Pseudomonas and Proteus, the standard bacteriological procedures recommended by Cowan and Steel (1970) were adopted. 3. A total of 900 samples including 557 samples from R.V.C. poultry units, Ranchi and 343 samples from private poultry farms were collected and processed. 4. The overall incidence of Salmanelle. Peeudomonas and Proteus were 2.11, 15.09, and 37.44 percent respectively. Their incidence in poultry units of Ranchi Veterinary College was 1.25, 12.02 and 30.16 percent respectively. 5. The incidence of Salmonella Pasudomonan and Proteus in private poultry farms vas 3.49 percent, 22.15 percent and 49.27 percent respectively. 6. The incidence of salmonella, Pseudomonas and Proteus in adult birds was 1.21 percent, 11.05 percent and 31.05 percent respectively whereas in young birds it was 3.69 percent, 24.24 percent and 48.48 percent respectively.
