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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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20101
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Subject: Veterinary Microbiology × Author: Jojo, Rakesh × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF COW URINE DISTILLATE ON HUMORAL AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE PARAMETERS IN BROILER CHICKS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Jojo, Rakesh; Prasad, Arun
    The present study on the topic “Immunomodulatory effect of cow urine distillate on humoral and cell mediated immune parameters in broiler chicks” was conducted to asses the immunomodulatory effect of feeding CUD (@ 10ml/ltr. of drinking water) with comparison to that of a known positive immunomodulator, LevamisoleHCL(@ 10mg/kg b.wt.) feed supplement daily for 42 days on humoral and cell mediated immune parameters including effect on serum protein, av. body weight gain, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio(FCR). For this purpose Eighty day old vencobb chicks were procured and maintained under standard farm condition in Avian Research and Development centre (ARDC), RVC, Kanke, Ranchi. Initially, the all chicks were kept under hover for first 6 days and on 7th day chicks were randomly allocated to different treatment groups comprising of 20 chicks in each were done as follows Gr.T1- received CUD and vaccinated with NDV vaccine (LaSota strain), Gr.T2- received Levamisole and vaccinated, Gr.T3- received normal feed but was vaccinated and Gr.T4 was kept as untreated and unvaccinated control. Birds of three groups (Gr.T1, Gr.T2& Gr.T3) received scheduled IBD and booster NDV vaccine (R2B strain) on 14th and 28thday but not Gr.T4. For monitoring humoral immune response against NDV vaccine, HI test was done using β procedure as per the standard protocol of Buxton and Frazer (1977). Prevaccination MHI antibody titre was measured on day 0 and 7 for knowing the status of maternally derived antibodies. Post vaccination MHI antibody titre was measured on weekly interval after RD vaccination to asses the effect of treatment to different groups. For monitoring cell mediated immune response status in all the four groups, contact sensitivity test using DNFB (2’ 4’ dinitrofluorobenzene) as contact sensitizer was used as per method of Tiwary and Goel (1985). Besides measuring mean skin thickness at test skin sites for comparison in all the four groups of birds, the skin section were also examined histopathologically to authenticate the nature of reaction i.e. whether they were a DTH reaction or not. 1. The chicks carried a detectable level of maternal antibody upto three weeks of their age. From 28th day of age, Gr.T4 did not show any level of MHI antibody titre against RD virus vaccine due to complete depletion of maternal antibody. On all weekly intervals post RD vaccination, higher MHI antibody titre was observed in levamisole treated group than any other groups. There was significantly(p<0.01) higher MHI titre observed in the levamisole treated group T2 than T1(CUD) treated group and two control groups at most ages post vaccination. Maternal antibody showed decreasing value with the advancement of age but MHI titre against RD vaccination showed increasing trends after vaccination on day 7 and 28. 2. A significantly (p<0.01) higher mean skin thickness was observed in Gr.T1 and Gr.T2 as compared to control groups (T3&T4) at 24 and 48 hrs. post challenge with DNFB. Further decreasing trend was observed at 72hrs. On histopathological examination, the stained tissue sections of test side showed mild to heavy infiltration with mononuclear cells and congestion suggesting a DTH reaction while right side challenged with vehicle only, stained section showed normal skin histology. 3. Higher values of serum protein, albumin and globulin were observed in treatment groups as compared to control groups. 4. At the end of experiment, the effect of treatments had significant influence on body weight at 42 days and observed higher weight in treatment groups which differed significantly(p<0.01) than control groups . Weight gain and feed conversion ratio was better in group T2 followed by T1, T3 and T4. By seeing the immunopotentiating effect of CUD on humoral immune response against NDV virus vaccine as direct test (HI test) and also in contact sensitivity a (DTH) test using DNFB as an indirect correlate of CMI, the use of CUD as immunomodulating agent may be advocated. It may be used as safety immunopotentiator to the birds @ 10ml/ltr. of drinking water to boost their immunity and to overcome immunosuppression and vaccine failure. Better CMI in treated groups advocate its better protective role in case of viral infections including other intracellular pathogens. These may also increase the body weight of broiler birds due to better FCR giving better gain to farmers and poultry industrialists.