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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access BORON (B) AND CALCIUM (Ca) NUTRITION ON GROUNDNUT-MUSTARD CROPPING SYSTEM IN RED AND LATERITIC SOIL OF JHARKHAND(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Kumar, Jai Prakash; Agarwal, B.K.The soils of agro climatic sub zone IVth of VIIth ACZ (Hill and Plateau region) of Ranchi in Jharkhand is generally sandy loam in texture and acidic in reaction (more than 75 % of the total cultivated area). Due to high rainfall in mid hills, leaching of secondary and negatively charges micronutrients is a common incidence leading to frequent deficiency of the elements like calcium and boron in soil. Therefore, it is necessary to replenish these nutrients to obtain and sustained productivity of crops. In order to formulate the correct dose of boron and calcium for getting better growth and yield in small and scattered land holding of Plateau region, the present investigation has been carried out on “Boron and Calcium Nutrition on groundnut-mustard cropping system in red and lateritic soil of Jharkhand”. An experiment was conducted at research field of Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand. The experiment consisted of four levels of calcium in the form of lime @ 0/0, 1/5, 1/10 and 1/15 LR in the main plot and four levels of boron in the form of borax @ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 kg B ha-1 in the sub-plot comprising sixteen treatment combination in split plot design (SPD) replicated thrice. Groundnut (Arachis hypogeal L.) [(var. Birsa Groundnut 4 (BG-4)] was grown and after crop harvest mustard (Brassica juncea L.) (var. Shivani) was grown as test crop in the cropping sequence. Results indicated that significant improvement in plant height, number of pegs and pods per plant of groundnut was observed in the treatments, where the plot received lime @ 1/5 LR followed by @ 1/10 LR and @1/15 LR in both years i.e., 2017 and 2018. The grain and straw yield significantly increased with increasing boron application and significantly higher value was observed in B3 (@ 3.0 kg B ha-1) followed by B2 (@ 2.0 kg B ha-1) and B1 (@ 1.0 kg B ha-1) during both the years. The significant improvement in growth and yield of groundnut was recorded in the treatment receiving boron application at the rate of 3.0 kg ha-1 and lime application @ 1/5 LR. In case of mustard, significantly higher number of branches and number of siliqua per plant was observed L1 at lime treatment (@ 1/5 LR) followed by L2 (@ 1/10 LR) and L3 (@1/15 LR) application during both years. The grain and straw yield of mustard significantly increased with increasing boron application and significantly higher value was observed with boron application B3 (@ 3.0 kg B ha-1) followed by B2 (@ 2.0 kg B ha-1) and B1 (@ 1.0 kg B ha-1) during both the years. The growth and yield of mustard improved significantly with boron was applied at the rate of 3.0 kg ha-1 along with lime application @ 1/5 LR. Abstract The results of leaching behaviour of boron in groundnut at 30 and 60 DAS groundnut indicated that increased leaching loss of B was observed among the treatments as compared to control but statistically significant effects were observed only at the 20 cm depth of soils. In case of mustard the leaching behaviour of boron at 30 DAS indicated that a significant effect was observed among the treatments over the control at different levels of depth (i.e., 20, 40 and 60 cm) of soil samples. Whereas, boron concentration was varied from 0.46 to 0.65 mg kg-1, 0.44 to 0.67 mg kg-1 and 0.41 to 0.66 mg kg-1 with their mean values of 0.58, 0.56 and 0.54 mg kg-1, respectively at 20cm, 40cm and 60 cm depth of soil samples. While significantly higher leaching behaviour of boron was observed in L2B3 followed by L3B3 and L1B3 over the control at the all levels of depths In case of lime application leaching behavior of exchangeable calcium at 30 and 60 DAS of groundnut showed a significant effect among the treatments at different depth (i.e., 20, 40 and 60 cm) of soil samples and significantly higher leaching behavior of exchangeable calcium was observed in L1 (@ 1/5 LR) followed by L2 (@ 1/10 LR) and L3 (@ 1/15 LR) over the control (L0). Among the plant parts the accumulation of boron was highest in leaf followed by stem and root. On the basis of results parameters, following conclusion has been drawn:- (i) The growth, yield attributes and yield of groundnut and mustard enhanced significantly with increasing dose of lime and boron up to 1/10th LR and 3.0 qha-1 application respectively. (ii) The leaching behaviour of exchangeable calcium and boron increased significantly with increase in dose of lime and boron application in both groundnut and mustard crop. (iii) The boron and calcium concentration in different plant parts of groundnut and mustard increased significantly with reducing the lime levels and increasing boron levels. The highest boron and calcium concentration in groundnut was recorded at flowering stage while in mustard crop, the highest boron and calcium was observed at siliqua stage. Among the different plant parts the leaf contained highest concentration of boron and calcium as compared to stem and root of groundnut and mustard.ThesisItem Open Access SOIL QUALITY ASSESSMENT UNDER LONG TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT IN RED AND LATERITIC SOILS OF RANCHI(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Verma, Shikha; Agrawal, B.K.An investigation was undertaken during 2018-19 on the soils of the ongoing long term fertilizer experiment (LTFE) in progress since 1972 at the experimental farm of Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi in Jharkhand state. The experiment consisted of ten treatments replicated thrice in a randomized block design i.e. T1:50% NPK, T2:100% NPK, T3: 150% NPK, T4: 100% NPK+ Hand weeding, T5: 100% NPK+Lime, T6: 100% NP, T7: 100% N, T8: 100% NPK+FYM, T9: 100% N(S)PK and T10: Control. Surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected during the soybean and wheat growth stages for analysis of moisture content, soil pH, soil organic carbon, available P and K. Surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) soil samples were collected after the harvest of wheat (2018-19) for analysis of various physical, chemical and biological properties for development of soil quality index (SQI). Sustainable yield index of the soybean wheat cropping system over the years of experimentation was calculated. System productivity was expressed in terms of mean wheat equivalent yield (WEY). Highest sustainable yield index (SYI) of the system (0.57) was recorded in 100% NPK+FYM treatment followed by 100% NPK + lime (0.50). The least value of SYI values was recorded 100% N treatment (0.04). System productivity in terms of mean WEY (q ha-1) over the years (1972-2019) followed the following order: 100% NPK+FYM (70.3) >100% NPK+Lime (67.0) > 150% NPK (58.5) > 100% NPK (57.8) =100% NPK +HW (57.8) > 50% NPK (44.5) > 100% NP (41.70) > 100% N(S)PK ( 35.3) >Control ( 16.5) > N (10.3). Amongst the soil properties analyzed at different crop growth stages, soil organic carbon, available P and K exhibited significant correlation with system productivity throughout the growing period of crops. Low variability (i.e. CV < 15%) was exhibited by all the soil measurements that were assessed during the crop growth stages (moisture content, soil pH, available P, available K and soil organic carbon). Among the various soil quality parameters (physical, chemical and biological), soil texture and DTPA-Pb showed no significant difference in both the soil depths and therefore dropped from principal component (PCA) analysis. The rest of the soil properties which showed significant difference among the treatments were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) using the SPSS software to identify the minimum dataset (MDS) in order to compute soil quality index (SQI). The variables identified as the minimum dataset (MDS) indicators for development of soil quality index for surface soil (0-15cm) were: DHA, LOC, hot water soluble boron, soil pH and exchangeable Ca. The MDS indicators identified in case of subsurface soil layer (15-30 cm) were labile organic carbon, DHA, Hot water soluble boron, soil pH, exchangeable Ca and bulk density. 100% NPK+FYM recorded the maximum value of SQI followed by 100% NPK+Lime in both surface as well as subsurface soil layer. The SQI ranged from 0.00 to 2.21 and 0.00 to 2.10 in surface and subsurface soil layer, respectively. 100% N treatment recorded the lowest value of SQI (0.00) in both the soil depths. Percentage contribution of key soil quality indicators or MDS indicators for influencing SQI in the surface soil layer (0-15 cm) were: LOC (29.8%), DHA (28.4%), boron (21.9%), soil pH (14.8%) and Ca (5.0%). Percentage contribution of key soil quality indicators or MDS for influencing SQI in the subsurface soil layer (15-30 cm) were LOC (29.1%), DHA (27.25%), hot water soluble boron (20.41%), soil pH (16.02%), exchangeable Ca (5.13%) and bulk density (2.15%). The higher values of both sustainable yield index (SYI) and soil quality index (SQI) in 100% NPK+FYM and 100% NPK +Lime suggests that conjoint use of lime or FYM along with balanced NPK fertilizers are viable options for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of the soybean-wheat cropping system together with maintenance of soil quality in red and lateritic soils. Application of NPK fertilizer was found to be superior over imbalanced fertilization (N and NP) with respect to soil quality, system productivity and sustainability. All the soil chemical properties measured during crop growth stages (pH, available phosphorus, available K and soil organic carbon) responded consistently to management over time and hence their measurement at any time of crop growth can serve as an indicator to soil quality. Labile organic carbon, dehydrogenase activity, hot water soluble boron, soil pH, exchangeable Ca, soil pH and bulk density were identified as the key indicators of soil quality under soybean-wheat cropping system .
