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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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20183
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Subject: Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GPS ENABLED STUDY ON MICRO AND SECONDARY NUTRIENT STATUS IN INTENSIVELY VEGETABLES GROWING AREAS OF RANCHI DISTRICT
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Kumar, Prem Ranjan; Kumar, Arvind
    To study the impact of micro and secondary nutrients in soil, water, plant and human continuum, 116 soil, 29 water and 63 plant samples were collected from Kanke, Burmu Ratu, Mander, Ormanji, Angara, Piska Nagri and Tamar blocks of Ranchi district. [Lat. N 23o01.838’ – N 23o32.529’, Long . E 85o05.580’ – E 85o43.155’, Alt. 231 – 716 (Meter)]. Soil of Ranchi district was acidic in nature and found 78% soil < 5.5 pH. Organic carbon status (5.0-7.5 g kg-1) were found medium in 52% soil samples. DTPA extractable Fe, Cu and Mn were observed more than its critical limit 4.5. 0.2, 2.0 mg kg-1 respectively in 100% soil samples, while Zn availability was found 1.72% < 0.5 mg kg-1, 35% in between 0.5 to 1.0 mg kg-1 and 65% > 1.0 mg kg-1. It was found that 78% soil samples of study area were found low in 0.1 M salicylic acid extractable Boron. Among all three secondary nutrients (Ca, Mg and S), Sulphur status in soil is at alarming stage with 77.59% soil under low (<10.0 mg kg-1) category, where as 22.41% soil in medium category (10.0-20.0 mg kg-1). Calcium and magnesium status was also found in low to medium status. Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni) and Cobalt (Co) content in soil of Ranchi district were found 1.52, 2.22 and 1.46 mg kg-1 (mean value) respectively. Borewell water observed low in pH (5.95) as well as low in EC (0.365 dS m-1). Mean Iron (Fe) content in river water was found higher 0.225 mg L-1 than that of Mn (0.061 mg L-1), Cu (0.095 mg L-1) and Zn (0.046 mg L-1), while B content was found 0.323 mg L-1 and is safe for irrigation purpose (<1.0 mg L-1). Calcium (6.40 mg L-1) and Magnesium (2.20 mg L-1) content in well water were found higher than others sources of water. Calculated Mg ratio Ca also found <1.0 in all water resources indicates its suitability for irrigation. As per maximum recommended concentration of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Pb in irrigation water found suitable for irrigation purpose (Siddiqui, 1995). Nickel and Cobalt content in water were found slightly in higher range to its permissible limits. Interestingly among analyzed edible part of plants S, Ca, Mg, B, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Co content were found maximum in mustard (Brassica juncea) than other crops. As per maximum permissible concentration of heavy metals in different food material given by (Sastry, 2000), most of the analyzed heavy metal were found below the permissible limit in edible part of crops. On the basis of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn analysis mean value in edible part of vegetables and spices, It was calculated that if farmers of study areas intake 200 g fresh mixed vegetable and spices in their diet per day, that not fulfill the requirement as per prescribed for a healthy human.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS, SULPHUR AND BRADYRHIZOBIUM ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Kumari, Sonal; Shahi, D.K.
    A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm of BAU with Soybean (var. JS-335) as a test crop during the Kharif season (June to October, 2016) to study the combined application of Phosphorus and Sulphur along with Bradyrhizobium on yield and quality of soybean. The experiment was laid down with 18 treatment combinations with two levels of inoculation (I0 and I1), three levels of phosphorus (40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1) and three levels of sulphur (0, 15 and 30 kg ha-1) in split-split plot design with three replications. The soil of the experimental site was sandy clay loam in texture having good drainage and fairly moisture retention capacity with acidic pH (5.2), EC (0.08dS m- 1), low in organic carbon (2.6 g kg-1),CEC (8.5 cmol (p+) kg-1), total nitrogen (0.157 %) and available nitrogen (181.5 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (23.9 kg ha-1) and available sulphur (17.0 ppm) was above the critical range. Microbial population in initial soil was 29.33×10 4 Propagules g-1, 22×10 6 CFU g-1, 8.9×10 6 CFU g-1 for fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, respectively. The results revealed that different levels of phosphorus and sulphur along with microbial inoculation significantly influenced the nodulation parameters and yield attribute such as number of nodules (33.05), fresh weight of nodule (0.69 g), dry weight of nodule (0.31 g) and number of pods per plant (43.27) were recorded maximum with application of phosphorus @ 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 having statistical equivalence of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 except fresh and dry weight of nodules per plant. Grain yield of soybean remarkably increased with increasing doses of phosphorus and recorded maximum of 23.91 and 27.13 q ha-1 grain and straw yield, respectively with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1. Application of 30 kg S ha-1 was found equally effective with application of 15 kg S ha-1 in respect to number of nodules, fresh weight, dry weight of nodule, number of pods per plant, grain yield and recorded maximum value of 31.38, 0.67 g and 0.30 g, 43.21 and 23.62 q ha-1, respectively with application of 30 kg S ha-1. Microbial inoculation significantly increased the number of nodules (33.77), fresh weight (0.69 g), dry weight of nodule (0.30 g), grain yield (23.36 q ha-1) and straw yield (26.43 q ha-1). Application of increasing levels of both phosphorus and sulphur along with microbial inoculation resulted in a significant increase in total nutrient uptake (N, P and S). Application of 80 kg P2O5 ha-1observed the highest total uptake of N, P and S of 185.66, 16.34 and 15.43 kg ha-1, respectively which was statistical equivalence with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 in respect of total P uptake while, with application of 30 kg S ha-1 total N, P and S uptake were 183.36, 16.09 and 15.43 kg ha-1, respectively. Microbial inoculation recorded highest total N, P and S uptake of 180.97, 15.98 and 15.10 kg ha-1, respectively. Application of phosphorus and sulphur significantly enhanced the oil content in soya grain and highest oil content of 19.48 % and 19.44 % with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 30 kg S ha-1, correspondingly and having statistical equivalence with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 15 kg S ha-1. Nutrient status in soil after crop harvesting were appreciably improved due to phosphorus treatments and significant results were found in available nitrogen (221.39 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (30.9 kg ha-1) with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 while, it was comparable with application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 in respect to available nitrogen. Soybean variety JS-335 gave the highest yield as well as net returns to the tune of ` 41955.77 ha-1 with B : C ratio of 1.68 when it was fertilized with phosphorus @ 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 and sulphur @ 30 kg S ha-1 along with microbial inoculation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOIL AND PLANT SAMPLES UNDER INTENSIVE CROPPED AREA OF SAHIBGANJ BLOCK (JHARKHAND)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Tiu, Shubham Priya; Kumar, Arvind
    Sahibganj district has been characterized under Sub Zone IV of Agro climatic Zone VII known as Eastern Plateau Hill Region. District comprises 9 blocks in which Sahibganj block has special identity, politically as well as religiously due to geographical situation of block near the bank of Holy Ganga River. GPS based 32 soils and 15 edible parts of plant samples were collected from farmer’s field all around the Sahibganj block from Lat. N 24014´58.7´´– N 25019´32.9´´, Long. E 870 30´43.5´´- E 870 37´19.1´´ and Alt. 5-28 msl. Soil reaction was found neutral to some extend in saline pH range and varied from 7.40 to 8.56. In different land situation, pH variation noticed in narrow range (7.40-8.46 in upland situation and higher pH 8.30-8.50 in badi land). About 56% soil samples showed pH range 7.0-8.0 and rest 44% having more than 8.0 pH value. Electrical conductivity of soil found in the range of 0.21 to 1.01 dS m-1. Upland soil showed 0.41 dS m-1 EC, while in badi land EC was found higher 0.74 dS m-1. Organic carbon content was found higher in badi land 11.94 g kg-1 followed by medium land 10.72 g kg-1 . As per availability of sand, silt and clay per cent in soil samples showed sandy loam texture class. WHC of soil increasing with decreasing slope and found 33.87% in upland soil and 38.32% in badi land soil. Zinc content in soil ranged from 0.16 to 2.80 mg kg-1 with mean value 0.80 mg kg-1. Zinc availability was lower (0.44 mg kg-1) in upland soil as compared to others land situation. In the study areas 47% soil were found deficient in Zn (critical limit 0.5 mg kg-1), while 44% soils were noticed in between 0.5-1.0 mg kg-1. Its need immediate attention for its poorer management in soil. Emerging deficiency of Copper in Sahibganj block was also noticed. Mean content of Fe was found lower in badi land 10.27 mg kg-1 followed by 21.83 and 22.47 mg kg-1, respectively in up and medium land situation of Sahibganj block. Emerging deficiency of Fe was also found (6% soil having < 10 mg kg-1 Fe content) in study areas. Content of Mn was found in the range of 3.42 to 17.88 mg kg-1, lower mean content 5.50 mg kg-1 was found in badi land situation, while higher 13.61 mg kg-1 observed in upland soil. About 6% of the analyzed soil was found below 5.0 mg kg-1 and rest 94% having more than 5.0 mg kg-1 Mn content in soil. Content of Pb, Ni and Co was varied respectively in ranged from 0.44 to 2.66 (Mean 1.69 mg kg-1), 0.04 to 2.36 (Mean 0.54 mg kg-1) and 0.01 to 1.92 (Mean 0.61 mg kg-1). Content of Pb , Ni and Co are highly safe in respect to considering safe limit. Variations of Pb, Ni and Co content in soil were found in narrow range. Significant and negative correlation were found in between pH x Fe (-0.348*), pH x Mn (-0.730*), While significant positive correlation were found in between pH x Co (0.378*), EC x Pb (0.441**), OC x Fe (-0.378*), OC x Mn (-0.586**), OC x Co (0.418*), clay x Pb (0.604**) and Clay x Ni (0.451 **) in soil samples. Mean content of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, and Co were found 7.87, 0.62, 28.43, 7.51, 0.56, 2.43 and 1.15 mg kg-1 respectively in edible part of plants that were collected from farmer’s field of Sahibganj block. Mean moisture content was notice 86.63, 70.06, and 52.84 % , respectively in plant family group Solanaceae, Brassicaceae and others (including poaceae, fabaceae and apiaceae). Content of Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Co in edible part of Brassicaceae family was observed 12.09, 36.35, 10.76, 0.85, 4.86 and 1.20 mg kg-1, respectively. All these elements were found higher than that of others two groups of plants. While Cu content found higher in solanaceae family (0.79 mg kg-1) followed by a group of poaceae, fabaceae, apiaceae (0.66 mg kg-1) and brassicaceae (0.43 mg kg-1). Translocation factor for all the elements were found maximum in Brassicaceae family than others group of plant family. HRI was more than 1.0 for Ni in broccoli, mustard and pea. While Mn, Pb and Ni only noticed > 1.0 HRI in mustard. The interpretation of experimental data of farmers field, reflected the real scenario of malnutrition in study areas and it was clearly indicated that if a farmer include 300g fresh edible part of plant per day in their diet, even then it does not fulfill the recommended nutrition requirement. A wider gap in recommended and supplement amount of Zn (76.40-84.26%), Cu (87.33-93.66%) and Fe (14.70-43.13 %) and Mn (0.00-55.00%) was found in dietary allowance per day for children, male and female residing in rural areas in Sahibganj block.