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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2016 - 201912020 - 20221
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Subject: Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry × Author: Kumar, Jai Prakash × End date: 2022 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BORON (B) AND CALCIUM (Ca) NUTRITION ON GROUNDNUT-MUSTARD CROPPING SYSTEM IN RED AND LATERITIC SOIL OF JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Kumar, Jai Prakash; Agarwal, B.K.
    The soils of agro climatic sub zone IVth of VIIth ACZ (Hill and Plateau region) of Ranchi in Jharkhand is generally sandy loam in texture and acidic in reaction (more than 75 % of the total cultivated area). Due to high rainfall in mid hills, leaching of secondary and negatively charges micronutrients is a common incidence leading to frequent deficiency of the elements like calcium and boron in soil. Therefore, it is necessary to replenish these nutrients to obtain and sustained productivity of crops. In order to formulate the correct dose of boron and calcium for getting better growth and yield in small and scattered land holding of Plateau region, the present investigation has been carried out on “Boron and Calcium Nutrition on groundnut-mustard cropping system in red and lateritic soil of Jharkhand”. An experiment was conducted at research field of Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand. The experiment consisted of four levels of calcium in the form of lime @ 0/0, 1/5, 1/10 and 1/15 LR in the main plot and four levels of boron in the form of borax @ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 kg B ha-1 in the sub-plot comprising sixteen treatment combination in split plot design (SPD) replicated thrice. Groundnut (Arachis hypogeal L.) [(var. Birsa Groundnut 4 (BG-4)] was grown and after crop harvest mustard (Brassica juncea L.) (var. Shivani) was grown as test crop in the cropping sequence. Results indicated that significant improvement in plant height, number of pegs and pods per plant of groundnut was observed in the treatments, where the plot received lime @ 1/5 LR followed by @ 1/10 LR and @1/15 LR in both years i.e., 2017 and 2018. The grain and straw yield significantly increased with increasing boron application and significantly higher value was observed in B3 (@ 3.0 kg B ha-1) followed by B2 (@ 2.0 kg B ha-1) and B1 (@ 1.0 kg B ha-1) during both the years. The significant improvement in growth and yield of groundnut was recorded in the treatment receiving boron application at the rate of 3.0 kg ha-1 and lime application @ 1/5 LR. In case of mustard, significantly higher number of branches and number of siliqua per plant was observed L1 at lime treatment (@ 1/5 LR) followed by L2 (@ 1/10 LR) and L3 (@1/15 LR) application during both years. The grain and straw yield of mustard significantly increased with increasing boron application and significantly higher value was observed with boron application B3 (@ 3.0 kg B ha-1) followed by B2 (@ 2.0 kg B ha-1) and B1 (@ 1.0 kg B ha-1) during both the years. The growth and yield of mustard improved significantly with boron was applied at the rate of 3.0 kg ha-1 along with lime application @ 1/5 LR. Abstract The results of leaching behaviour of boron in groundnut at 30 and 60 DAS groundnut indicated that increased leaching loss of B was observed among the treatments as compared to control but statistically significant effects were observed only at the 20 cm depth of soils. In case of mustard the leaching behaviour of boron at 30 DAS indicated that a significant effect was observed among the treatments over the control at different levels of depth (i.e., 20, 40 and 60 cm) of soil samples. Whereas, boron concentration was varied from 0.46 to 0.65 mg kg-1, 0.44 to 0.67 mg kg-1 and 0.41 to 0.66 mg kg-1 with their mean values of 0.58, 0.56 and 0.54 mg kg-1, respectively at 20cm, 40cm and 60 cm depth of soil samples. While significantly higher leaching behaviour of boron was observed in L2B3 followed by L3B3 and L1B3 over the control at the all levels of depths In case of lime application leaching behavior of exchangeable calcium at 30 and 60 DAS of groundnut showed a significant effect among the treatments at different depth (i.e., 20, 40 and 60 cm) of soil samples and significantly higher leaching behavior of exchangeable calcium was observed in L1 (@ 1/5 LR) followed by L2 (@ 1/10 LR) and L3 (@ 1/15 LR) over the control (L0). Among the plant parts the accumulation of boron was highest in leaf followed by stem and root. On the basis of results parameters, following conclusion has been drawn:- (i) The growth, yield attributes and yield of groundnut and mustard enhanced significantly with increasing dose of lime and boron up to 1/10th LR and 3.0 qha-1 application respectively. (ii) The leaching behaviour of exchangeable calcium and boron increased significantly with increase in dose of lime and boron application in both groundnut and mustard crop. (iii) The boron and calcium concentration in different plant parts of groundnut and mustard increased significantly with reducing the lime levels and increasing boron levels. The highest boron and calcium concentration in groundnut was recorded at flowering stage while in mustard crop, the highest boron and calcium was observed at siliqua stage. Among the different plant parts the leaf contained highest concentration of boron and calcium as compared to stem and root of groundnut and mustard.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GPS ENABLED STUDY ON MICRO & SECONDARY NUTRIENT STATUS IN INTENSIVE CROPPED AREAS OF DUMKA DISTRICT
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) Kumar, Jai Prakash; Agarwal, B.K.
    Dumka is one of the oldest districts of Jharkhand state under Santhal Parganas. This homeland of tribals is full of stunning landscapes, majestic mountains, verdant valleys and serpentine rivers. The district of Dumka enjoys the status of sub-capital of Jharkhand since 2000. It is located at the Central and Northeastern plateau zone of Jharkhand. It is bounded by Godda and Banka district in the north, Pakur in the east, West Bengal in the south and Jamtara and Deoghar in the west. To study the impact of micro and secondary nutrients in soil, water, plant and human continuum, 251 soil, 22 water and 50 plant samples were collected in and around Dumka district at Latitude (2403.0'-24035.9' N) and Longitude (8701.0'-87°31.9' E ) and Altitude 74–211 (Meter). About 25.5% of total soil samples were found strongly acidic having pH <5.0, 33.5% in the range of 5.0-5.5 and remaining 41% were having pH 5.5- 6.0. Overall 58.97% soil showed <5.5 pH. Organic carbon status was medium (5.0 – 7.5 g kg-1) in 35% soil samples. Cationic micronutrients Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were found above their critical limits 4.5, 2.0, 0.2 and 0.5 mg kg-1 respectively. Zn deficiency started to emerge especially in low land paddy soils of the district. Boron and Sulphur availability in soil found to be lesser than their critical limits <0.5 mg kg-1 and <10mg kg- 1 respectively in 64.54% of soil samples. 63.35, 19.92 and 16.73 per cmol(p+) kg-1 came in the Ca rating <2.0, 2.0-3.0 and >3.0 cmol(p+) kg-1 respectively, where as Mg availability was >0.2 cmol(p+) kg-1 in 83.67 per cent soil samples. Among all the sources of water, canal water has pH 7.38, river- pH 7.70 and dam water- pH 7.15. Electrical conductivity (EC) were varied from 0.340 (Bore well) to 1.090 (Well) dS m-1 while variation in mean value of EC in water samples of different sources did not show much variation among each others. Similar to pH, EC value found to be higher in canal, river and dam water than that of other sources of irrigation in the district. Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and B content in water samples were found in the range of 0.051-0.105, 0.012-0.023, 0.013-4.850, 0.051-0.340 and 0.006-0.550 mg L-1 with their mean values 0.03, 0.051, 1.05, 0.08, and 0.15 mg L-1 respectively. Mean value of Pb, Ni, and Co content in water were found 0.36, 0.33 and 0.09 mg L-1 respectively with the narrow variation of its content in different water resources of the district. Highest mean S content 0.74 mg L-1 was found in well water followed by canal (0.57 mg L-1) and dam (0.33 mg L-1). Lower S content 0.17 mg L-1 was observed in river water. On the other hand Ca content in different sources of water ranged from 1.930 to 14.925 mg L-1. Pond water has maximum Ca content (10.55 mg L-1) followed by river (7.52 mg L-1) and well (7.00 mg L-1). Variation of Mg content in water samples was comparatively in narrow range 1.188 to 3.500 mg L-1 as compared to Ca content in water. Among the different sources of irrigation water in Dumka district, well water showed higher Mg (2.55 mgL-1) content, while 1.65 mg L-1 Mg content was found in river water. Trace metal content in irrigation water and its comparative study with the recommended concentration for its suitability of irrigation purpose (Siddiqui, 1995), it can be observed that except Ni and Co concentration (found slightly in higher range) all the tested trace metals in water were found below the permissible limit. On the basis of analyzed data trace metal content in edible part of vegetables that grown in farmers’ field, if farmers use 200g fresh vegetables per day in their diet, even then it does not fullfil the recommended nutrition. A wide gap in recommended and available amount of supplements Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe was found in plant samples.