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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Oyster Mushroom ( Pleurotus Spp) in Plateau Region Bihar(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Santosh Kumar Das; S.C. DubeyThe Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) has a great scope for its cultivation in the Chotanagpur and Santhal Parganas region of Bihar. The results of the experiments conducted on various aspects of its cultivation are summarized briefly as under. In order to evaluate a good source of substrate for quality spawn production, jowar grain was found as best spawn substrate followed by wheat grain in respect of colour, texture of myceium and yield, though highest number of sporophores recorded by the use of ragi grain based spawn. Amongst the four species of Pleurotus, superiority of P. flabellatus was observed as compared to other species. Spawn raised on paddy straw mixed with wheat and rice bran though required less time for spawn run but gave poor yield.. Storage of spawn in room and refrigerator showed different effect on mushroom production. Spawn stored upto 50 days at room temperature and upto 70 days in refrigerator yielded mushroom. In general storage durations reduced the quality of spawn. Fresh spawn was found to be superior in respect of number of flushes, sporophores and yield of P. flabellatus followed byThesisItem Open Access Studies on Fusarium Wilt of Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medic ) in Chotanagpur Plateau Region of Bihar(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) D. K. Jha; D. K. JhaWilt of lentil (Lens culinaris Medic) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis is present in almost all the lentil growing areas of Chotanagpur region of Bihar which varied between 5.2 to 37.6 per cent. The pathogen is mainly soil-borne and attack the plants at any stage of its growth. The disease development was faster and more in injured root than in the uninjured one. Koch's postulate tests were also satisfied in the present finding. The fungus produces three types of spores viz; micro & macro-conidia as also chlamydospores in culture. Macroconidia were rarely found on the upper surface of the wilted plants. However, it was quite prevalent in the inner side of the tissues. In cultural studies, Richards' medium proved to be the best, both in solid and liquid states, for the excellent growth and sporulation of the pathogen. The optimum pH recorded to be 5.3 for its growth and 5.3 to 6.3 for sporulation. The fungus could utilize all the carbon compounds tried but Mannitol proved to be the best. Out of 48 varieties/lines screened, three varieties Viz; BR 25, Pant. L- 234 and Pant. L - 639 were found to be the immune to wilt disease in plateau region of Bihar.. Thiram + Bavistin proved to be the most suitable fungicides which completely controlled the growth of pathogen in vitro and increased the germination of seeds in vivo. It was also effective in suppressing the mortality percentage of lentil plants. Organic amendments with wheat straw, with or without addition of inorganic nitrogen were effective in controlling the disease. Effect of natural soils and fresh cattle manures were found to be effective in wilt disease of lentil plantThesisItem Open Access Studies on Banded Blight of Rice (Oryza Satival) Caused By Jhanatephorus Cucumeris (Frank) Donk in Chotanagpur(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Ranthu Toppo; Dr. S. C. DubeyRice (Oryza sativa L.) suffers fron "banded blight" a very caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) destructive disease cau Donk (=Rhizoctonia solani kรผhn). The characteristic symptoms of the disease was observed on leaf sheath, leaf blade, stem, panicle and spikelets. The pathogen was isolated, purified and identified by standard method. The pathogen also satisfied Koch's Postulate tests. Potato dextrose agar (solid) and Kirchoff's (liquid ) media supported maximum mycelial growth and sclerotial production. pH 6.5 was found to be optimum for mycelial growth and sclerotial production in Kirchoff's liquid medium. The pathogen was found to penetrate the host by means of infection cushion and stomatal openings. All 34 plant species belonging to 7 families were infected during host range studies.45 days old plant were highly susceptible and showed maximum intensity (64.7%) with minimum yield followed by 38 and 60 days old plants. Older plants were resistant to infection Early sowing minimized the disease development and gave good yield. Temperature, humidity and rainfall occurred during July 1st to August 1st were suitable for the maximum disease development. Out of 23 rice varieties / lines non was found to be resistant against the pathogen. However, BR-9, BR-10, BR-34, IR-36, IR-50, Pankaj and RAU-4845-10 showed moderately resistant reaction. Among different fungitoxicants tested Contaf (0.1%), Bavistin (0.1%) Bavistin (0.05 %) + Indofil M-45 (0.125%), Kitazin (0.1%) and Blitox-50 (0.2%) completely inhibited the growth of the pathogen in vitro. Bavistin (0.1%) and Topsin - (0.1%) treated rice seeds gave maximum germination 96.3% and 95.3% and elimination of seed borne infection 97.8% and 94.8%, respectively. Three spray of Contaf (0.1%) and Bavistin (0.1%) in the field condition gave the best control of the disease along with highest yield. These two fungicides also gave maximum per rupee return ie. Rs. 7.6 and Rs. 3.5, respectively. Next economically best fungicide was Bavistin + Indofil M-45 followed by Topsin -H + Indofil M-45. In bio-control through fungal antagonists, Gliocladium virens showed maximum inhibition of mycelial growth and sclerotial production of the pathogen followed by Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride. Nature of mycoparasitism was established in detailed. Among different plant extracts, Munga roots extract showed maximum inhibition of mycelial growth (55.2%) followed by Pipel (48.2%) and Bhangria (44.9%) leaf extracts. All the plant extracts checked the sclerotial formation completely. except Pipel' and Bhangria leaf extracts in which only a few sclerotia were formed. Among oil cakes tasted, Til cake inhibited maximum mycelial growth (86.3%) followed by Karanj' cake (83.3%) and *Neem* cake (81.9%). Sclerotial production was completely inhibited in all the cakes used.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology And Control of Brown Leaf Spot (Drechlera Oryzae) of Paddy Under Upland Condition(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) R.K. Samarjit Singh; B. Mishra(0.055 per cent day-1) and severity (0.036 per cent day-ยน) were recorded during September month. The disease incidence and severity were (+)vely correlated with temperature (0.885 and respectively), 0.8374, relative humidity (0.7888 and 0.7889, respectively), and rainfall (0.7996 and 0.8313, respectively) but, (-)vely with sunshine hours (-0.3287 and -0.6968, respectively). The optimum levels of N, P and K with respect to disease suppression and maximum grain yield, were observed to be 100, 60 and 40 kg h -1 respectively. Disease incidence and severity showed highly significant (+)ve correlation, but, both of them showed (-) ve correlation with grain yield. The loss in grain yield ranging from 45.51 per cent to per cent were observed while assessing three rice 56.20 cultivars for their loss in grain yield due to brown leaf spot disease under upland field conditions. Of the 71 different cultivars screened against D. oryzae under both natural and artificially inoculated conditions, 7 varietiesviz IR-12-9-4, Mutant-7, Ratna x RAU 40.45-3-17, BR 8 Mutant, BR 8 Mutant (Ma) Kr and IR 18348-36-3-3 and OR 164-5 (IED 7252) were found to be resistant, 44 moderately resistant and 20 moderately susceptible. Five sprays of crude extract (10 per cent) of Impatiens balsamina or Solanum nigrum at an interval of 15 days gave satisfactory control of the disease. In biological control, three sprays of Bacillus megaterium at a concentration of 10000 cells m1-1, 48 hours ahead of pathogen's inoculation and at an interval of 20 days could control the disease under upland conditions. The best control was achieved with three sprays of Kitazin (0.1 per cent) followed by that of Salvistin (Carbendazim). Maximum economic turn-over of Rs 4.12 from an investment of Rs 1.00 was obtained from spraying Kitazin (0.1 per cent) thrice during fungicidal control of the brown leaf spot disease of rice.
