Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Open Access
Host Genotype X Rhizohium Interaction in Vigna Species
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Praveen Singh; M. Chakraborty
The present investigation was carried out to study the symbiotic response of rhizobia under the influence of competition with native population and to section the most efficient and stable RhiStable rhizobium legume genetic system for simbiotik improvement of of vegan spaces for this purpose four different mutants including parent restrain of moth bean rhizobium strain Mr 125 H2 S2 cowpea rhizobium group and a local strength of cowpea rhizobium along with an uni no clotted control where taken since the cowpea rhizobium able to to infect six different host legume nine different variety of three different vegana is places where taken as host genotype the nine varieties and six extent of rhizobium including control where grown in all possible combination standard organic practice follow during the crop growth data were recorded on different yield component and symbiotic trips statical analysis was done in factorial rbd coloration and regression analysis were also done for few important trips analysis of variance revealed significant difference due to host genotype and rhizobium population for all the character study except for days to 50% flowering for which rhizobium difference were not significant interaction between the host genotype and rhizobium was also significant for all the treat study except for date to 50% flowering and number of seat per had the highest noodles was observed by eastern Mr 125 s to s m 8 hy5 aged 57 which was 30% more than the parent strength Mr 125 s2s M8 the relative contribution of host janu type rhizobium strain and host genotype X rhizobium interaction to total phenotype variation was computed following the fixed effect model of analysis of variance plant genotype comment contributed highest variety for all the character studied the host X strength interaction effect watch lower than stand affect the study of correlation coefficient between yield and other character indicate that the the highest polarization contributing character to what grain yield was nodal wait per plant followed by total and contain hundred seed hundred seed weight lhb contain board per plant and nodal number per plant the regression coefficient for explaining the host X interaction by difference between the slope of regression line so that copy variety RC 101 head hai mean grain yield with maximum slope of regression line indicating the high sensitivity response to word rhizobium in koh solution the barati aaye more 225 and soon enough from both been and have been spaces respectively are particularly interesting for stability for grain yield and total and contain the maintain their high yielding potential and the genetically diverse rhizobium population with a low slope of regression
Open Access
Genotypic, Phenotypic Variability And Correlation Studies in Finger Millet
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Vijay Krishna Pattnayak; D.K. Ganguli
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) Commonly Known as ragi or madua holds important position in Indian agriculture because (a) its ability to sustain various biotic and abiotic stresses and (b) it is a good source of organic and inorganic nutrients. The crop belong to the family Poaceae and believed to be a polite with 9 as basic chromosome in view of its important in term of tolerance against many factor as well as being rich in essential nutrient both these qualities should to the agro climate condition and the major consumer of Jharkhand state study was undertaken with five parents and their three f2s to have a idea on very bility heritability genetic advance and Collins during kharif 1999 batch 2015 avation were recorded on day two flower ring de to maturity plant height pencil length fingers per penicillin finger length seed weight per pencil tillers and effective tailor per plant significant difference was observed for most of the characters among five parents and their three f2s plant height had marketability Hive variance value where was the value for other parameter where comparatively to Lo there was no significant difference in mean between large and small sample pal of f2s for all the characters between large and small sample of f2s there was no significant difference in variance also for most of the characteristic Harry bility for days to flowering pencil length and finger length was observed both in parent as well as F2 generation but de to maturity had hai heritability in F2 generation only pencil length finger length seed with per pencil and de to flowering in parents had hai genetic advance where is de to maturity finger length pencil length and seed weight per penicillin had considerable genetic advance in f2s positive significant Collins of seed weight per pensiline with fingers per penicillin was observed in parents in f2s with large as well as small sample positive significant caller range of sin seed weight per pencil was noticed with fingers per pencil colour and effective tailor per plant normal distribution of population in all f2s was observed for all characteristic accept number of Taylor and effective .
Open Access
Screening of Genotypes Against High Temperature Stress in Wheat
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Chandrashekher Mahto; Sohan ram
Wheat is an important cereal crop of the world, next to rice. In India this crop is grown in Rabi season. A lot of research work have been done in the field of production breeding and we have achieved almost plateau in this crop. But there is a vast scope of research in the field of stress breeding for various stress environments. The present investigation thus aims in breeding for wheat in high temperature stress condition. Breeding wheat varieties for stable yield under high temperature condition has become a subject of major interest. Various mechanisms imparting heat resistance like escape, endurance, avoidance and tolerance etc. have been put forward by various workers. Testing of performance of genotypes under stress conditions is a very useful technique in breeding programs mainly because it allows a direct estimate of heat susceptibility of individual genotypes. Breeding for heat tolerance to increase crop production in high Temperate Zone worldwide is impeded by lack of suitable screening technique. Therefore, there is a need to identify a plant trait, which is directly related to heat tolerance and can be quickly measured for use as a screening parameter. Ion leakage, one of such parameter to screen out for various crops. Keeping all these fact in consideration the present research problem was carried out in Randomized block design, two sets of sowing-normal and late, creating, two different thermal environments for two years at Ranchi Agricultural farm from 1997 to 1999. For the present study 20 genotypes/varieties, obtained from AIRCRP on wheat were used with an objective to identify varieties suitable for high temperature with better stability.
Open Access
Study of Variability, Correlation And Path Analysis In Some Fastigiata Genotypes of Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.)
(69, 2000) Yogendra Prasad; D.K. Ganguli
The present investigation was carried out on thirty groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes belonging to fastigiata group. The material was sown in three replications in randomized block design during Kharif season of 1999. The plant character studied were days to first flowering days to 50 percent flowering, height of the main axis number of primary branches, number of pods per plant , shelling percentage, percentage of sound mature Kernel , 100- Kernal weight , pod yield per plant and harvest index. The observed data were analysed and genetic parameters viz. variability, heritability (broad sense) genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path coefficient were estimated. Analysis of variance for all the above quantitative characters revealed highly significant differences among the thirty genotypes. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability could be recorded for height of main axis , number of primary branches, number of pods per plant ,100-Kernel weight, pod yield per plant and harvest index, pod yield per plant, height of main axis and number of pod per plant. Pod yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly correlated with number of primary branches , number of pods per pant and harvest index. However, its association was significantly negative with height of main axis both at phenotypic as well as genotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis indicated high positive direct effect of number of
Open Access
Characterization of Germplasm of Upland Rice (Oriza Sativa L.)
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Sunil Kumar; D.N. Singh
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ix most important staple food of more than half of the human race and it is primarily a high calorie food containing 85 per cent protein, 0.34 per cent fat, about 90 per cent carbohydrate and trace amount of ash, fiber and vitamin B after milling. It occupies second position in the world in acreage and production, only after wheat. Its area is concentrated in South-East Asian Countries, which accounts for 80 per cent of the total production. In India it is also most important staple food crop covering 44 million hectares of land and producing 84.74 millions tonnes (Survey of Indian Agriculture 2000) Spectacular yield gains in rice production were achieved after the introduction of semi dwarf varieties with improved management practices but rice being cultivated in monsoon, faces problem of adaptation for specific ecosystem such as waterlogging, salinity, drought, low solar radiation etc. Also continuous and intensive cultivation of newly developed semidwarf varieties under high fertility condition resulted in problem related to buildup of pest populations and outbreak of epidemics. To combat these problems breeders are looking for new sources of genetic material for Incorporation of multiple resistance for which traditional cultivars have been found to be major donors Of all the ecotypes the upland ecology is more variable and the varietal improvement is more challenging Eighty per cent of the varieties released so for are for irrigated ecology and hardly 5 per cent for uplands and low productivity reduces the average yield of the rainfed upland areas. Therefore, collection, conservation, characterization and evaluation of germplasm, which is the backbone of any crop improvement programme was undertaken to prepare a systematic list or catalogue for ready references of breeders and scientists. Direct seeding in dry condition under upland situation was done during 1999 in 2 replication plot of 10 metre and 30 cm length, 90 cm wide. Each replication consists 50 germplasm and 3 check varieties One germplasm in two-crop row and each row consisted seven hills in both replication. In first replication crop row started from check varieties and second row started from 50 germplasm ended with check variety Birsa Dhan-101. The distance from row to row was 20 cm and plant to plant distance was 15 cm. The characterization and evaluation work were done on 12 different characters. Some characters are preferred by farmers as useful traits. Thus, the results evaluated that eight germplasm could be used as donors for favourable genetic characters and for direct release of variety viz. Gora Dhan-8, Lalmati Gora-1, Gora G.P-2, Gora Dhan-1, Gora Dhan-2, Nanhi Gora-1, Karanga Gora-I and Barka Gora-1.
Open Access
Genetics Architecture Of A Group Of Inbred Lines For Grain Yield And Yield Component Characters In Maize( Zea mays L.)
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Surya Prakash; D.K.Ganguli
The present investigation was aimed to evaluate nine white flint inbred lines with the objective of genetical enhancement of maize breeding stock in respect of grain yield and important yield contributing characters. Thirty six crosses were thus developed in half diallel fashion and were evaluated in completely randomized block design with three replication for nine quantitative characters against three check (BM-1, Suwan and Pioneer hybrid-4210) during kharif 98 (Griffing, 1956, method-2) and rabi, 1998-99 (method-4). The F₂ generation along with the parental lines were also evaluated simultaneously during rabi, 1998-99. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the parental inbred lines for all the characters except for ear length and number of kernel row per ear. However, among the crosses, treatments differences were highly significant for all the characters. The cross mean was more than the parental mean for all the characters except for days to 50 per cent tasseling and moisture percentage. The mean performance of plant characters was observed to be different between kharif and rabi grown crop. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation (PCV & GCV) were higher in parent than in the crosses for all the characters, except for ear length. A considerable extent of PCV was observed for ear height, grain yield, number of kernels per row and ear length. Heritability estimate (broad sense) was greater in parents than in the crosses for most of the characters except ear length, number of kernel rows per ear and number of kernels per row where reverse was true. Moderate heritability together with high genetic advance was observed in plant height, ear height and 500-kernell weight. A number of crosses showed highly significant positive heterosis over early check variety, BM-1 for grain yield. The cross Dh-539 x Dh-3119 was most heterotic for grain yield over better parent (71.84 %) while Dh-539 x CML-49 was most heterotic over BM-1 (69.40 %) and Suwan (42.68 %). Most of the crosses exhibited negative heterosis over check variety, Suwan, for majority of the characters viz, days to 50 per cent tasseling, plant height, ear height, moisture percentage, ear length and number of kernels per row. The mbining ability studies during kharif revealed preponderance of non-additive gene action for almost all characters except for days to 50 per cent tasseling and ear height (method-2). Through both the method of analysis the character 500-kernel weight and grain yield revealed similar gene effect (non-additive) due to over dominance. Among the parental lines, CML-49 was adjudged to be best general combiner for grain yield while, Dh-3117 for most of the plant characters. The best specific cross combiner for grain yield during kharif were Dh-539 x CML-49, Dh-539 x Dh-3119 and Dh-539 x Dh-3345 and during rabi Dh-541 x CML-49, Dh-543 x Dh-3347 and Dh-534 x Dh-3119 were the best. The estimates of inbreeding depression studied during rabi found to be very low for majority of the characters. However, the performance of F₂'s were found greater than the F₁'s in some crosses for all the characters indicating the presence of additive gene action.
Open Access
Study of Combining Ability And Heterosis in Transplanted Rice (Oryza Sativa L. )
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Deo Raj; D. N. Singh
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is predominantly self pollinated crop. India is the largest country in the world in terms of area and second largest in production after China. However, the average productivity in India is very low as compared to China. However, the average productivity in India is very low as compared to China. The present investigation was carried out to identify suitable yield component characters for selection on the basis of various variability parameters and also to identify suitable parents for hybridization programme on the basis of combining ability studies and per se performance. A line x tester design was framed out with fifteen female lines and three well established testers. Forty-five crosses thus obtained by were evaluated along with eighteen parents in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif 1998-1999 for eight quantitative and four qualitative characters. The observations data obtained were utilized in analyzing various genetic parameters for all the characters following standard methods. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference among the eighteen parents and among the forty-five crosses for all the characters studied. This indicated that there was genetic differences among the as well as among the crosses. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations were higher in parents than the crosses for all the characters studied except in days to 50% flowering and Grain yield per plot. Plant breeders are mainly concerned with the genotypic coefficient of variation and it was found in considerable amount for the characters number of tillers per plant, number of ear-bearing tillers per plant, plant height, 1000-grain weight and Grain yield per plot. All the parents were showed 1-5 on scale rating for leaf types and tolerance to diseases and their crosses showed intermediate type. Among the eighteen parents only few were showed horizontal type flag leaf and rest showed vertical type whereas their crosses showed intermediate type. There were four types of plant in parents and their crosses showed intermediate types:
Open Access
Variability And Correlation Studies in some Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L. ) Lines
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Ashisan Tuti; V. Kerketta
Wheat (Triticm aestivumL )is one of the important cereal in India. It belong to the family Gramineae with chromosome No 2n=42 .It ranks second as staple food after rice in India with the total area of 25.40 million hectares. In the global ranking India ranks fourth in the area and second in the production of wheat crop. Being on Important crop, its genetically improvement through exploitation of existing wide variability is of prime important. Hence a field experiment was conducted to study the variability and correlation studies in some wheat lines. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the lines for all the characters. The heritable and non heritable variation were ascertained with the help of genetic parameters like heritability , genetic advance, genetjic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability was observed for the character germination percentage number of grains in main spike and 1000- grain weight. The lowest heritability was observed in grain weight per plant.The high genetic advance was observed for the character number of tillers per plant,1000- grain weight ,number of grains in main spike and germination percentage. The values of phenotypic and genotype coefficient of variation were high for the characters number of tillers per plant, number of grain in main spike,1000- grain weight germination percentage and plant height. The correlation between the characters germination percentage and number of tiller per plant and 1000- grain weight and length of the main spike and plant height and 1000 grain weight were found either signjijficant at 5 per cent and 1 per cent level of significant. The results obtained in the present investigation indicated that the characters number of tillers per plant number of grains in main spike ,1000 grain weight plant hight and dajys to 75 per cent flowering are the yield components. These can be used as thse indicators for improving wheat varieties. These characters are correlated with yield and also have high value of heritabililtyl genetic advance and genetic asvances as per cent of mean. ON the basis of yield ,the entries KG-79.KG-181 K-9709 performed better than other entries.
Open Access
Combining Ability And Heterosis Studies In Linseed (Linum sitatissimum L.)
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sohan Ram; H.B.P.Trivedi
Linseed is predominantly a autogamous crop of industrial significance. Inspite of considerable increase in area and production under linseed, the productivity which is of foremost importance, is still stagnant in India. The prime objective of the present investigation was to evaluate some well recognised varieties and explore the combining ability variances of oil yield and seed yield components and their combining ability effects together with the studies on variability, heterosis and correlation through dialled analysis. Eight well recognised varieties of major linseed growing states were obtained from Project Co-ordinator (Linseed), Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. These varieties were crossed in 8 x 8 diallel fashion to obtain 28 direct and 28 reciprocal F1 hybrids. These hybrids were generation advanced in off season nursery to procure F2 seeds. These F1 and F2 hybrids were evaluated separately along with the parents for variability, heterosis, inbreeding depression, combining ability and correlation co-efficient. The analysis of variance was highly significant for oil yield and its components. Variability in the parents and reciprocals, though was non-significant yet was significant in Parents Vs Crosses and F₁ Vs Reciprocals. Manifestation of heterosis was variable in magnitude and nature among corresponding characters in F₁ and F2 hybrids of direct and reciprocal cross. Heterosis as high as 230.90 percent over superior parent was obtained for oil yield in R-7 x Garima, 69,01 percent for oil content in T 397 x R-7 and 202.34 percent for seed yield in Jawahar-23/10 x Garima.Cross Mukta x R-7 was identified as highest heterotic cross for oil yield, seed yield and oil content. CONT Use of parent as pollen or seed parent had a significant difference in heterotic behaviour of the cross. Parents Neelum, Garima and R-17 were identified as best seed parents against R-7 and Jawahar-23/10 as pollen parents. Estimates of GCA and SCA variances obtained were highly significant for oil yield and its components, Non-additive components played major role in expression of oil yield, oil content and seed yield where as other characters exhibited importance of additive component in their expression. The general combining ability effects corresponded fairly with that of per se performance of the parents for all characters except oil content, number of capsules and number of secondary branches per plant. For oil yield, oil content and seed yield though none of the parent was best / good general combiner, yet best / good specific combinations for these traits were obtained from poor x poor combiners. It was noticed that high specific combinations for oil yield were also high specific combinations for seed yield but all high specific combinations for oil content and seed yield components were not necessarily high specific combinations for oil yield. Genotypic correlation co-efficient was higher than phenotypic. Correlation Oil yield was favorably associated with oil content, seed yield, number of capsules and number of secondary branches. Selection of these characters was suggested to increase oil yield.

Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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