Loading...
Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Browse
34 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Variability And Correlation Studies in some Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L. ) Lines(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Ashisan Tuti; V. KerkettaWheat (Triticm aestivumL )is one of the important cereal in India. It belong to the family Gramineae with chromosome No 2n=42 .It ranks second as staple food after rice in India with the total area of 25.40 million hectares. In the global ranking India ranks fourth in the area and second in the production of wheat crop. Being on Important crop, its genetically improvement through exploitation of existing wide variability is of prime important. Hence a field experiment was conducted to study the variability and correlation studies in some wheat lines. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the lines for all the characters. The heritable and non heritable variation were ascertained with the help of genetic parameters like heritability , genetic advance, genetjic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability was observed for the character germination percentage number of grains in main spike and 1000- grain weight. The lowest heritability was observed in grain weight per plant.The high genetic advance was observed for the character number of tillers per plant,1000- grain weight ,number of grains in main spike and germination percentage. The values of phenotypic and genotype coefficient of variation were high for the characters number of tillers per plant, number of grain in main spike,1000- grain weight germination percentage and plant height. The correlation between the characters germination percentage and number of tiller per plant and 1000- grain weight and length of the main spike and plant height and 1000 grain weight were found either signjijficant at 5 per cent and 1 per cent level of significant. The results obtained in the present investigation indicated that the characters number of tillers per plant number of grains in main spike ,1000 grain weight plant hight and dajys to 75 per cent flowering are the yield components. These can be used as thse indicators for improving wheat varieties. These characters are correlated with yield and also have high value of heritabililtyl genetic advance and genetic asvances as per cent of mean. ON the basis of yield ,the entries KG-79.KG-181 K-9709 performed better than other entries.ThesisItem Open Access Combining Ability And Heterosis Studies In Linseed (Linum sitatissimum L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sohan Ram; H.B.P.TrivediLinseed is predominantly a autogamous crop of industrial significance. Inspite of considerable increase in area and production under linseed, the productivity which is of foremost importance, is still stagnant in India. The prime objective of the present investigation was to evaluate some well recognised varieties and explore the combining ability variances of oil yield and seed yield components and their combining ability effects together with the studies on variability, heterosis and correlation through dialled analysis. Eight well recognised varieties of major linseed growing states were obtained from Project Co-ordinator (Linseed), Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. These varieties were crossed in 8 x 8 diallel fashion to obtain 28 direct and 28 reciprocal F1 hybrids. These hybrids were generation advanced in off season nursery to procure F2 seeds. These F1 and F2 hybrids were evaluated separately along with the parents for variability, heterosis, inbreeding depression, combining ability and correlation co-efficient. The analysis of variance was highly significant for oil yield and its components. Variability in the parents and reciprocals, though was non-significant yet was significant in Parents Vs Crosses and F₁ Vs Reciprocals. Manifestation of heterosis was variable in magnitude and nature among corresponding characters in F₁ and F2 hybrids of direct and reciprocal cross. Heterosis as high as 230.90 percent over superior parent was obtained for oil yield in R-7 x Garima, 69,01 percent for oil content in T 397 x R-7 and 202.34 percent for seed yield in Jawahar-23/10 x Garima.Cross Mukta x R-7 was identified as highest heterotic cross for oil yield, seed yield and oil content. CONT Use of parent as pollen or seed parent had a significant difference in heterotic behaviour of the cross. Parents Neelum, Garima and R-17 were identified as best seed parents against R-7 and Jawahar-23/10 as pollen parents. Estimates of GCA and SCA variances obtained were highly significant for oil yield and its components, Non-additive components played major role in expression of oil yield, oil content and seed yield where as other characters exhibited importance of additive component in their expression. The general combining ability effects corresponded fairly with that of per se performance of the parents for all characters except oil content, number of capsules and number of secondary branches per plant. For oil yield, oil content and seed yield though none of the parent was best / good general combiner, yet best / good specific combinations for these traits were obtained from poor x poor combiners. It was noticed that high specific combinations for oil yield were also high specific combinations for seed yield but all high specific combinations for oil content and seed yield components were not necessarily high specific combinations for oil yield. Genotypic correlation co-efficient was higher than phenotypic. Correlation Oil yield was favorably associated with oil content, seed yield, number of capsules and number of secondary branches. Selection of these characters was suggested to increase oil yield.ThesisItem Open Access Analysis of Different Quantitative Characters in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L. )(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Chandra Kishor; Z. A. HaiderForty genotypes of upland rice ( oryza stavia L.) of diverse origin formed the material for the present study. These genotypes were directly sown in a Randomised Block Design with three replications under upland situation during kharif season of 1997.Observation were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each entry of every replication. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for all the characters, except, number of tillers per plant, effective tillers per plant effective tillers per plant and grain per panicle. A wide range of variability was observed in grain yield per plant, flag leaf area, grain yield per panicle, 1000 – grain weight, plant height and effective tillers per plant. Phenotypic as well as genotypic coefficient of variation was high to moderate in grain yield per panicle, plant height, 1000grain weight and number of grains per panicle. Heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean was also high for grain yield per plant, flag leaf area, grain yield per panicle, plant height, 1000- grain weight and number of grain per panicle. Grain yield per plant had a significant and positive association with number of tillers per plant , effective tillers per plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, grain yield per panicle, flag leaf area and 1000- grain weight both at genotypic and phenotypic level. Path analysis revealed that all the characters had positive direct effect on grain yield per plant, except 1000- grain weight. GFrain yield per panicle had highest direct positive effect but its indirect effect via numbers of grain per panicle, 1000- grain weight, flag leaf area and effective tillers per plant was weak negative. Rest of the characters had appreciable positive direct effect. Over all estimation is that grain yield per panicle number of grains per panicle, flag leaf area and plant height may be used in section for increasing grain yield in upland rice.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Divergence And Correlation studies in Niger (Guizotia Ahyssinica Cass. )(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Sanjay Kumar; Sohan RamThe present investigation was carried out in 72 germplasms of niger maintained in Niger Research Scheme of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics at Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke to collect information on the extent of variability, degree of association of different yield components, their direct and Indirect effect on seed yield and extent of genetic diversity among the genotypes. The experiment was conducted in Niger Experimental Plot of Ranchi Agricultural College Farm during Kharif 1997. A broad spectrum of variability was visualized in almost all characters, mainly in plant height, number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches branches per plant, number of capitulum per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity. Genotypic coefficient of variation was appreciable in number of capitulum perplant, plant height, number of primary branches per plant and 1000-seed weight. These characters also expressed moderate heritability estimates. Selection based on these characters would give more progress than based on other characters. Genetic divergence study revealed clustering of germplasms into 8 clusters irrespective of their origin. Many genotypes based on cluster means and genetic diversity was identified as potential parents. Genotypes, BNS-5, GA-23, Phule-5 and ONS-107 of cluster II and BNS-9, RCR-219 and RCR-234 of cluster VI were suggested as potential parents for crossing programme. Hybridization between genotypes of cluster II and VI was suggested for yield improvement. Days to maturity contributed more than 50 per cent in genetic divergence, but role of plant height and 1000-seed weight also had recommendable role in genetic diversity.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Variability Correlation And Path Analysis in Greengram (Vigna Radiata L. Wilczek(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Kamleshwer Kumar; K. D. PrasadForty greengram genotypes were grown in a randomized block design with three replications during wet season of 1998. The data recorded on ten quantitative characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, pod length (am), number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight (g) and yield per plant (g) were analysed to find out the estimates of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, correlations and path coefficients. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the ten characters under study. Days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height and number of pods per plant showed a wide range in their gross variability. The characters, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, grain yield per plant and number of secondary branches per plant recorded high phenotypic coefficient of variation, Plant height, 100-seed weight and number of seeds per pod showed moderately high coefficient of variation. Number of secondary branches per plant, number of primary branches per plant, 100-seed weight and yield per plant recorded high genotypic coefficient of variation while plant height, number of pods per plant and days to 50 per cent flowering showed moderate coefficient of variation. Heritability (in broad sense) for the characters days to 50 per cent flowering, 100-seed weight and days to maturity were high. Number of secondary branches per plant, 100-seed weight and number of primary branches per plant showed high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Grain yield per plant was strongly correlated with number of pods per plant and number of primary branches per plant. Correlation between days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity was highly significant . Path coefficient analysis revealed that the character number of pods per plant had the maximum direct effect on grain yield per plant. Pod length and number of secondary branches perta plant also showed appreciable magnitude of direct effect on grain yield per plant. High correlation between grain yield per plant and pod length was also through number of pods per plant. It appears that phenotypic selection for number of pods per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and pod length would be useful for all practical purposes in greengram.ThesisItem Open Access Genetical Studies of Inbred Lines in Maize (Zeamays L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Rijh Nath Mahto; D.K.GanguliTen parent diallel analysis without reciprocals was conducted in maize inbreds by Griffing's and Hayman's approach to study combining ability in respect of thirteen quantitative plant characters. Variability, heterosis, yield predictions of double cross hybrids and evaluation of the genotypes against leaf blight and sheath blight diseases were also incorporated. The generation means analysis in three crosses was also done to study gene action for ten characters. All evaluation have been done under rainfed situation. Highly significant differences were observed among the parents, crosses and checks. A wide range of variations was present for all the characters. High estimate of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations observed for ear height, number of kernels/ear and grain yield. Heritability estimates in narrow sense was more realistic than the broad sense estimates. Plant height, ear height, 100 grain weight and grain yield were found to give high heritability in the narrow sense alongwith high genetic advance. Heterosis over mid-parent, better parent and commercial composite check varieties (BM-1 and Suwan) were estimated for all the characters in forty-five crosses. None of the crosses were found to be superior for earliness than the early check BM-1. Twenty-seven crosses gave significant standard heterosis for grain yield over check BM-1 and five crosses over check Suwan. The cross CML 79 x CML-55 and CML-85 x CML-135 gave 27.65 and 23.19 per cent heterosis for grain yield respectively over high yielding check Suwan. Heterosis for grain yield was found to be associated with other yield component characters. The cross CML-85 x CML-135 was found to give significant heterosis for all the characters except ear girth, number of kernels/row and 100-grain weight over Suwan. Combining ability analysis revealed importance of both additive and non additive gene effects for all the characters, although non-additive genetic variance was more. Degree of dominance showed preponderance of over dominance effects. for all the characters in both the approaches by Griffing's and Hayman's. In Hayman's numerical approach five gene groups (h2/H,) were found to be responsible for governing 100-grain weight, three gene groups for ear girth and two groups for rest of the characters. Two parental inbred lines namely, CML-85 and CML-79 were found to be good general combiners common for grain yield, early maturity, number of kernels/ row, 100-grain weight and shelling percentage. In most of the crosses high x low general combining ability effects of the parents gave best sca effects of the crosses. Three cross combinations viz., CML 79 x CML-55, CML-85 x CML-42 and CML-85 x CML-135 were the best specific cross combinations for grain yield and yield components, CML-79 x CML-55 having highest sca effects of 12.63 for grain yield also gave highly significant sca effects for ear length, 100-grain weight and days to maturity. This cross also have best per se performance (51 70 q/ha) and best heterotic cross (27.65 per cent) over Suwan for grain yield and was adjudged to be the best cross. The generation mean analysis in three crosses, also revealed preponderance of dominance gene effects for ten plant characters studied. The epistasis effects was present in all the three crosses for all the characters. The dominance x dominance interaction was in greater magnitude and of negative sign for most of the characters. The duplicate type of epistasis was responsible for maximum characters. However the cross CML-85 x CML-42 revealed complementary gene action for grain yield and days to maturity. The complementary type of epistasis gave greater extent of heterosis than duplicate type. The best predicted double cross hybrid was (CML-85 x CML-49) x (CML 39 x CML-56). The single cross hybrids however gave better yield performance over predicted yield of double cross hybrids. The best predicted double cross was not the combination of best single crosses. The intensity of leaf blight was lower than sheath blight disease under natural conditions. CML-85, CML-55 and CML-135 were found to be resistant for both the diseases and among the crosses CML-85 x CML-135 and CML-85xCML-42 showed free reaction for both the diseases.ThesisItem Open Access Variability and Correlation Studies in Some Brassica Juncea Mutants(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Rajesh kumar; Dr. Anil Kumar VermaOilseeds occupy a position next to cereals in our nation and Brassica Juncea L.has a definite identity among the oilseed crops. In view of the important of this crop, mutation breeding was resorted to taking two stable varities varuna and BR -40.For assessing the extent of variability, heritability genetic advance and gentic divergence 23 mutant lines of varuna and 13 lines of Br-40 were raised in M3 generation during rabi 1997-98 in RBD with three replications. The eight metic traits included days to first flowering plant height primary and secondry branches seed per siliqua siliquae per plant days to maturity and yield per plant. Phenotypic co-efficient of variation were high for secondary branched siliquae per plant and yield/plant in both the varieties whears genotypic coeffecent of variation was high to moderate for all these characters. High heritability accompanied by high genetic advance was obtained for secondary branches in both the varieties.While varuna showed high heritability for siliquae /plant and days to maturity also. The yield per plant in varuna had significant positive correlaltion with plant hight primary branched secondry branches , silliquae /plant and seeds/siliqua while in BR -40, it had significant positive correlation with seeds silique and days to maturity. It is apparent from the path analysis that days to first flowering had positive direct effect on yield as well as inBR-40. The highest D2 value between VM16 and VM18 in varuna and between BM3 and BM13 in BR -40 showed high genetic divergence between these mutant lines.The contribution of secondary branches yield/ plant days to maturity and siliquae /plant remained to the tune of 72.47 per plant of total divergence in varuna mutants ,whereas secondary branches plant height and days to first flowering contributed 71.43 per cent of total divergence in BR -40 mutants. The intra- cluster group mean showed cluster IV and V as more divergent than other in varuna wheras cluster 11 and 1v remeind more divergent in BR-40 .The characters respon slible for differentiation were mainly plant height primary and secondry branches siliqluae / plant and seed / silique.ThesisItem Open Access Interrelationship between Metric character of Lentil (Lens Culinaris, Madik )"(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Tarique Shamsh; Dr. K. D. PrasadFifty four genotypes of lentil (Lens culisaris medic) were grown in randomized complete block design during rabi season of 1995 -96. The data recorded on ten quantitative characters viz. days to 50 percent flowering , days to maturity ,plant height , number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and harvest index were analysis to find out the estimates of variability , heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path coefficients. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the ten characters. This indicated the inheritant genetic differences among the genotypes for all the characters under the present investigation. Biological yield per plant, harvest index number of secondary branches per plant, harvest index of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and grain yield per plant showed considerable coefficient of variation. Biological yield per plant, harvest index number of secondary branches per plant showed considerable coefficient of variation. High estimate of heritability (broad Sense ) together with high genetic advance in per cent of mean were observed for the charters number of secondary branches per plant number of pods per plant ,grain yield per plant and harvest index. Biological yield per plant also showed moderately high heritability and high genetic advance in per plant had a strong positive association with plant height number of primary branches per plant and harvest index. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the characters biological yield per plant and harvest index had high positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. The direct contribution of the character ,number of pods per plant was also positive and appreciable. However, its major contribution towards yield was through biological yield per plant. Present investigation thus indicated that biological yield per plant, harvest index per plant, harvest index and number of pods per plant may be considered in selection for increased grain yield in lintil.ThesisItem Open Access Cataloguing of Germplasm of Transplanted Rice(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Ashwini Kumar; M. F. HaqueRice is one of the staple cereal crops of the world. It is consumed as a main food of more than 60 per cent of the world population It is a major source of protein (8.5%). It also contains about 2 to 2.5 per cent fat. In Asia, 90 per cent of the world's rice is grown and consumed, and nearly 2.8 billion people derive 35 to 60 per cent of the calories from rice. Rice area is concentrated in South-East Asian countries which contribute 80 per cent of total production. In India 90 per cent area is covered by rice during monsoon season. In some parts of the country it is sown throughout the year. India has the largest area about 41.5 million hectares under rice and annual production reached 80.96 million tones during the year 1995-96 (Swami Nathan, 1989 and Survey of Indian Agriculture, 1996, respectively). Therefore possibilities of further increase in area under rice cultivation being limited. Major gains in rice production in future will depend mainly on crop yield/unit area (Paroda & Malik, 1990). The yield gains in production were achieved due to the introduction of high yielding varieties in a big way in the country. Thus, the rapid spread of high yielding semi-dwarf since 1966-67 has greatly narrowed the genetic base of the rice crop. The average yield of rice in India is 1.9 tonnes/ha. and in Bihar 1.343 tonnes/ha. In India, more than 60 per cent of rice area falls in eastern India where the average yield is still low.
