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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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1993 - 199719
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Subject: Plant Breeding × End date: 1997 × Start date: 1993 × Type: Thesis ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 19
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Combining Ability And Heterosis Studies In Linseed (Linum sitatissimum L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sohan Ram; H.B.P.Trivedi
    Linseed is predominantly a autogamous crop of industrial significance. Inspite of considerable increase in area and production under linseed, the productivity which is of foremost importance, is still stagnant in India. The prime objective of the present investigation was to evaluate some well recognised varieties and explore the combining ability variances of oil yield and seed yield components and their combining ability effects together with the studies on variability, heterosis and correlation through dialled analysis. Eight well recognised varieties of major linseed growing states were obtained from Project Co-ordinator (Linseed), Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. These varieties were crossed in 8 x 8 diallel fashion to obtain 28 direct and 28 reciprocal F1 hybrids. These hybrids were generation advanced in off season nursery to procure F2 seeds. These F1 and F2 hybrids were evaluated separately along with the parents for variability, heterosis, inbreeding depression, combining ability and correlation co-efficient. The analysis of variance was highly significant for oil yield and its components. Variability in the parents and reciprocals, though was non-significant yet was significant in Parents Vs Crosses and F₁ Vs Reciprocals. Manifestation of heterosis was variable in magnitude and nature among corresponding characters in F₁ and F2 hybrids of direct and reciprocal cross. Heterosis as high as 230.90 percent over superior parent was obtained for oil yield in R-7 x Garima, 69,01 percent for oil content in T 397 x R-7 and 202.34 percent for seed yield in Jawahar-23/10 x Garima.Cross Mukta x R-7 was identified as highest heterotic cross for oil yield, seed yield and oil content. CONT Use of parent as pollen or seed parent had a significant difference in heterotic behaviour of the cross. Parents Neelum, Garima and R-17 were identified as best seed parents against R-7 and Jawahar-23/10 as pollen parents. Estimates of GCA and SCA variances obtained were highly significant for oil yield and its components, Non-additive components played major role in expression of oil yield, oil content and seed yield where as other characters exhibited importance of additive component in their expression. The general combining ability effects corresponded fairly with that of per se performance of the parents for all characters except oil content, number of capsules and number of secondary branches per plant. For oil yield, oil content and seed yield though none of the parent was best / good general combiner, yet best / good specific combinations for these traits were obtained from poor x poor combiners. It was noticed that high specific combinations for oil yield were also high specific combinations for seed yield but all high specific combinations for oil content and seed yield components were not necessarily high specific combinations for oil yield. Genotypic correlation co-efficient was higher than phenotypic. Correlation Oil yield was favorably associated with oil content, seed yield, number of capsules and number of secondary branches. Selection of these characters was suggested to increase oil yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cataloguing of Germplasm of Transplanted Rice
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Ashwini Kumar; M. F. Haque
    Rice is one of the staple cereal crops of the world. It is consumed as a main food of more than 60 per cent of the world population It is a major source of protein (8.5%). It also contains about 2 to 2.5 per cent fat. In Asia, 90 per cent of the world's rice is grown and consumed, and nearly 2.8 billion people derive 35 to 60 per cent of the calories from rice. Rice area is concentrated in South-East Asian countries which contribute 80 per cent of total production. In India 90 per cent area is covered by rice during monsoon season. In some parts of the country it is sown throughout the year. India has the largest area about 41.5 million hectares under rice and annual production reached 80.96 million tones during the year 1995-96 (Swami Nathan, 1989 and Survey of Indian Agriculture, 1996, respectively). Therefore possibilities of further increase in area under rice cultivation being limited. Major gains in rice production in future will depend mainly on crop yield/unit area (Paroda & Malik, 1990). The yield gains in production were achieved due to the introduction of high yielding varieties in a big way in the country. Thus, the rapid spread of high yielding semi-dwarf since 1966-67 has greatly narrowed the genetic base of the rice crop. The average yield of rice in India is 1.9 tonnes/ha. and in Bihar 1.343 tonnes/ha. In India, more than 60 per cent of rice area falls in eastern India where the average yield is still low.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Induced Mutation Studies In Indian Mustard (Brassica Juncea L)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Arun Kumar; Z.A.Haider
    Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is predominant in Indian subcontinent among different forms of oleiferous Brassicas due to its wider adaptability, more productivity and better tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Recent studies have shown that the productivity of Indian mustard is still far behind most of the European countries. Mustard oil, due to the presence of high amount of undesirable long chain fatty acid, like, erucic and eicosenoic acids, is characterized as inferior in quality with respect to most other vegetable oils. Linolenic acid is another undesirable fatty acid which causes taste impairment during storage and reduces shelf-life of the oil. Besides, increasing seed yield, modification in fatty acid composition and increasing oil content has recently been a major goal of oilseed breeders. Induction of mutation in Brassica species through physical or chemical mutagens have been found to contribute substantially towards widening the genetic base of variability for the characters of economic significance. In view of this, the present project was undertaken during rabi seasons of 1994-95 and 1995-96 in a randomized block design with three replications using two well adopted varieties of Indian mustard (Varuna and BR-40).The treatments consisted of 50kR, 60KR, 70KR. 80 kR, 98 kR and 100 KR of gamma rays, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.2% v/v of EMS and 50 KR + 0.2% EMS, 60 kR+ 0.2% EMS, 70 KR + 0.2% EMS, 80 KR + 0.2% EMS, 90 KR + 0.2% EMS and 100 KR + 0.2% EMS of combination treatments. The study included induced variability for different yield and yield attributes in M₁ and M₂ generations. Frequency and spectrum of different chlorophyll mutations and effectiveness and efficiency of different mutagens were computed based on chlorophyll mutation. Oil content and fatty acid composition was estimated using the seeds of M₂ generation by pulsed NMR and gas liquid chromatograph, respectively. In M₁ generation there was reduction in germination, seedling growth (root and shoot length) survival and pollen fertility with the increase in dose of the mutagens used. EMS proved to have more deleterious effect than gamma rays or the combination treatments. Variety BR-40 was more sensitive to mutagens than the other variety Varuna. Differential response of the two varieties (Varuna and BR-40) to different mutagens could be observed in both the generations. Lower doses of gamma rays and higher doses of EMS and combination treatments in Varuna, higher doses of gamma rays and combination treatments and lower doses of EMS in BR-40, induced maximum variability for a number of quantitative characters in both M₁ and M₂ generations. In M₂ generation, frequency of chlorophyll mutations was more in EMS treated population of Varuna whereas in BR-40, it was more mutants in gamma irradiated isolated were: Albina, Xantha, The Viridis, Marginata, Variegated, Maculata and Sectoral. Among the chlorophyll mutants, Marginata Lower respect was more frequently observed in both the doses of mutagens were more effective and varieties. Efficient to chlorophyll mutation than the higher doses. Further that, EMS was more effective than gamma rays. Bidirectional shift in oil content and fatty acid compositions of both the varieties have beenrecorded in different mutagenic treatment. Considerable one have also been recorded which can well be used in future breeding programme.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study of Variability Correlation and Path Analysis in Indian Mustard
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Punam Singh; A.K. Verma
    Title: Study of variability, correlation and path analysis in India mustard (B rassica JunceaL.) The present investigation on the genotypic and phenotypic variability ,correlation and path coefficient analysis was carried out for eight characters in forty genotypes of Indian mustard taken from different sources. Analysis of variance for eight characters revealed highly significant variation among the genotypes for all the characters. The range of variation observed in eight characters indicated a wide range of variations within characters. Highest range was observed in characters, 1000 seed weight and lowest in days to maturity. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was highest for 1000 seed weight followed by number of siliquae per plant. Days to maturity had the lowest coefficient of variation followed by plant height. As may be seen from the table the phenotypic and genotypic variances of three characters viz seed yield per plot, number of siliquae per plant and plant height were quite high. Highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was found for 1000 seed weight. The character days to maturity had the lowest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. Highest heritability estimates was observed for days to 50% flowering (96.26) followed by 1000 seed weight (91.87) days to maturity (77.08), plant height (77.01) and seed yield per plot (64.70). The character number of primary branches per plant had the lowest heritability followed by no of seeds per siliqua and number of siliqua per plant.The expected genetic advance suggested relative differences among the different plant characters studied.The characters seed yield per plot showed highest genetic advance (72.72) followed by number of siliquae per plant (21.29) and plant height (19.91).The cha
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Heterosis And Combining Ability In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Shravan Kumar Singh; M.P.Haque
    Ten genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) namely Birsa Dhan 104, Birsa Dhan 106, Birsal Dhan 105, RAU-1004-105, Dhan103, Birsa Dhan 201, Rasi, IR-36, Birsa Dhan 202 and Rajendra Dhan 202 were crossed in a diallel fashion excluding reciprocals. The forty-five crosses and ten parents were grown in a complete block design during kharif season of 1995 irrigated condition. The data recorded on characters viz., days to panicle emergence, fourteen plants randomized under. normal quantitative height, total number of leaves per plant, flag leaf area, total number of tillers per plant, number of ear-bearing tillers per plant, length, number of grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, panicle. grain yield per panicle, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and harvest index were analyzed to find out the estimates of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, heterosis (over mid-parent combining ability.. and better parent) and combining ability. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for except grain yield per panicle. Almost This all indicated genetic differences among all the genotypes (10) the characters the parents F₁'s) for all the characters under this investigation. Grain yield per plant, grain yield per panicle and biological yield per plant showed considerable genetic coefficient of variation. High estimates of heritability (broad sense together with moderately high genetic advance was observed for the characters, spikelet fertility and biological yield per plant. Most of the crosses manifested positive heterosis over mid-parent and better parent for grain yield per plant. Maximum heterosis to the extent of 138.44 and 131.68 per cent was observed over mid-parent and better parent respectively. The best cross combination showing significant heterosis over the better parent was RAU-4000-105 X IR-36 (131.68 %). Crosses showing heterosis for grain yield were not heterotic for all the characters. The combining ability studies indicated that both additive and non-additive genetic components were involved in deter mining the expression of the characters studied but non-additive type of gene action predominanted in all these characters. Similarly, presence of over dominance was revealed in all the characters. Birsa Dhan 105 was found to exhibit maximum general combining ability for grain yield per plant, which also showed good general combining ability for biological yield per plant, harvest index and flag leaf area.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Variability And Characters Association in Chickpea ( Cicer Arietinum L.) Under Late Sown Condition
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Naresh Prasad Yadav; Dr. C.M. Sharma
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) is the most important pulse accounting for more than one-third of the area and about 40% of the production of our country. In 1993-94 in India, the area of 7.76 million hectare produced 5.56 million tonnes of grain and productivity was 823 kg per hectare. The crop belongs to family Leguminosac and sub-family Papilionaceae. It is important source of protein, varying from 183 to 23.2 percent. Bihar produced about 940 thousand tonnes of crop from an area of 1084 thousand hectare during 1994-95. In plateau region of Chotanagpur and Santhal Pargana, the area under this crop is about 36.0 thousand ha. with a production of about 25.5 thousand tonnes and its productivity is about 429 kg per ha. The present investigation was carried out on the study of variability and character association in a collection of thirty genotype of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) of diverse origin under late sown condition. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant difference among thirty entries for the characters, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, branches per plant, pod size, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield and significant for the character seed yield per plant. Wide range of phenotypic variability was observed for the characters days to 50% flowering, plant height, branches per plant, pods per plant, seed yield per plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield. Similar results have also been reported by Bhardwaj and Singh (1970).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Heterosis And Combining Ability Studies in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Surya Prakash; Dr. M. F. Haque
    Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the most important winter cereal in India contributing as one third to the total food grain basket of the country. The present study is an attempt to analyses and to understand the genetic system especially in respect of inheritance of some important quantitative characters. The field experiment was conducted during rabi season 1994-95, in a randomized block design with three replications at the experimental field of Birsa Agril. Univ. Ranchi. The experimental material consists of 44 Fi's (derived from 11 x 4, 1ine x tester mating design) and 15 parental lines. The characters studied were days to 75% flowering, plant height (cm.), spike length (cm.), number of spike par plant, days to 75% maturity, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike (gm.), 1000 grain weight (gm.), biological yield per plant (gm.), grain yield per plant (gm.) and harvest index (2). The analysis of data for general and specific combining ability was done following the method given by Kempthorne (1957), besides other statistical analysis. A wide range of variability among the different genotypes was observed in almost all the characters. The analysis of variance revealed that there was the significant difference among parents and crosses for all the characters under study. The high estimate of heritability was shown by days to 75% flowering, spike length, days to 752 maturity, biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant, among the parents, as well as among the crosses. The same characters also showed high genetic advance and higher or moderate genetic advance of mean. In the heterosis study almost all the crosses showed high heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard variety for the characters days to 75% flowering and days to 752 maturity and many crosses showed high heterosis for plant height, spike length, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and harvest index. In the combining ability analysis most of the parents showed significant values for most of the characters. The parent KG 128 followed by HD 2402 and BAUW54 were observed good combiners. The dominance of additive and non-additive gene effects were observed in all the characters. Non additive gene effect was predominant in almost all the characters.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Studies on Quantitative and Qualitative Characters in Rice (oryza Sativa L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Rajesh Verma; Dr.S.C.Prasad
    Four inter varietal along with their parents (P generation B and B 1 crosses of and P), F 1 rice Oryza and F 2 1 2 sativa L) and two cross of each cross were developed and were grown in randomized block design. with three replications during kharif season of the year 1994 under rainfed situation in the rice research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi. The analysis of variance of 6 generations of each the four crosses for different characters revealed that of the differences among the generations were highly significant for majority plant, of plant character viz., plant height, tillers leaf length, panicle length, flag leaf grain weight, breadth and grain. yield and harvest index. straw yield. The replication significani in almost all the character. length, expect effect was per 1000 leaf non The observed variances in the various generations for different characters in each of the revealed F variances to be more then F 2 4 varietal crosses variance for most of 1 the character. In case of plant height the vriance BC was 1 variance of BC in all the crosses. The 2 higher then the variation in the generation is due to the variability. The scaling test A,B and C, as well as test were found to be highly significant in all joint the scaling cross combination for all the 10 traits studied. This clearly showed a good fit of additive dominance model.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study of Stability of Yield and Its Components in Bengal Gram (cicer aritinum Linn)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Rabindra Narayan Choudhary; M.F.Haque
    Fortytwo genotypes of gram (Cicer arietinum L) were evaluated through the formula suggested by Eberhart and Russell (1966) under November and December sowing conditions over three years e.g. 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91 for eleven plant characters. The phenotypic expression of most of the characters was lower in December sowing condition than November sowing condition during all the three years. Highly significant differences were observed between the genotypes for all the characters except number of primary branches/plant. The environmental differences were also found highly significant for all the characters. The genotype x environment (G x E) interaction was also found to be highly significant for all the characters except plant height, number of secondary branches/plant, days to maturity, harvest index (%) and grain yield/plant. Both the linear and non linear component of G x E interactions were found to be highly significant for all the characters except days to maturity. However, the linear component was found to be greater in magnitude than the non-linear component for all the characters except days to maturity. The non-linear component was predominant for days to maturity. The grain yield/plant, harvest index (%). 100-grain weight, number of grains/pod, number of pods/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of primary branches/plant,