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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Studies in Pea(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Amrendra Kumar; B.P.JainThe present investigation was undertaken with an objective to assess the yield potential of the genotypeswith respect to its variability of the genotypes and single cross hybrid combination and also screening of the genotypes against powdery mildew disease. Analysis of variance for 36 genotypes for two years revealed highly significant differences for all the characters under study. Out of 36 geno types only 12 genotypes recorded higher pod yield per plant and were considered to be high yielder. Highest pod yield per plot was recorded in NDVP 9(1.48 Kg) closely followed by Selection 82 (1.45 Kg) and JP 585 (1.34 Kg). The pod yield per plant was maximum in genotype IP 3 (127.71 g) followed by PMR 20 (122.40 g) Ajad Pea (121 19g) and JP 829 (119.00 g). High heritability estimates (in broad sense) alongwith genetic advance were observed for plant height, pod yield per plant, grain yield per plot and days to 50 per cent flowering and fruiting. Pod yield per plant had positive and significant correlation with pod thickness, green grain weight (10 pod) and pod breadth. Grain yield per plot had highly significant and positive correlation with pod yield per plant and grain yield per plant. Shelling percentage (dry pod) had positive and significant correlation with pod yield per plot, grain yield per plant and per plot Plant height had significantly negative correlation with days to flowering and fruiting Out of 36 genotypes, only 12 genotypes were found moderately susceptible and rest were rated as susceptible to highly susceptible in reaction against powdery mildew disease. Genetic divergence analysis of 36 genotypes for 19 characters indicated that some were quite close to each other and others were quite diverse. All these genotypes were grouped into 13 cluster groups (Wilks's). As genetically diverse parents often produce maximum heterosis. offer a better chance of isolating transgressive segregants. Accordingly. 8 diver gent parents viz. Arka Ajeet. Bonneville. Ajad Pea VL 3. PMR 20. KS 136. JP 829 and VP 7802 were selected for diallel mating (without reciprocal).ThesisItem Open Access Response Of Nitrogen, Potassium And Spacing On Growth And Yield Of Colocasia (Colocasia Esculenta (L) Schott.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Vijay Kumar; Rajesh KumarThe present investigation was conducted for the maximization of tuber yield in colocasia (colocasia asculenta( L) Schott) by the application of nitrogen and potassium along with suitable plant spacing. The experiment was laid out during Kharif 1996.Experience was conducted in randomized Block Design with factorial fashion, comprising of four levels each of nitrogen and potassium (0,40, 80 and 120 Kg ha-1) and two different spacing S1(60cm X 45 cm) to study the effect on growth,yield and quality of colocasia crop. Altogether, the experiment consisted of 32 treatments which were replicated twice. Eighteen plant characters were studied, including economic ,Growth attributes were recorded at 15 days interval. The significant effect of treatments were observed particularly for growth attributes in later stages. The ultimate plant height (78.90 cm), number of leaves (7.00) and leaf width (22.10cm) were recorded maximum in the treatment combination N2K1S2, while girth at the base (19.20cm) and leaf lenghth (37.40cm) were observed maximum in the treatment combination N2K1S1. Among the yield attributes number of cormels per plant (20.40) and cormel weight per plant (300.80g) were found maximum in the treatment combination N2K2S2.Finally the tuber yield per quality plot (10.80 Kg) as well as estimated tuber yield(13.33 ha t/ha) were obtained in the treatment combination N2K2S1.Dry matter percentage was recorded maximum 19.30 per cent for leaves (N3K1S2) and 26.17 percent for tubers (N2K3S2). Interaction effects of nitrogen,potassium and spacing (NxKxS) were found to be nonsignificant for most of the Characters.Interaction effects of NxS andKxS showed that the nutrients with spacing interaction significantly .So far as the economics of the trial was concerned, the treatment combination N 2K2S1 gave the maximum net return (rs. 33.042=60/ha) as well as benefit cost ration (4.74) The present investigation suggested that significant increase in growth attributes as well as yield were observed upto 80 Kg per hectare each of nitrogen and potassium application with spacing of 60x30cm.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Nitrogen Potassium Planofix And Karanj Cake On The Growth yield Quality of Dwarf Banana (Musa Cavendishii Lamb)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Rana Lalloo Singh; C. SinghStudies on the effect of two levels of Nitrogen (200g, 300g), Potassium (100g, 200g), Karanj cake (500g, 1000g) and Planofix (200 ppm, 300 ppm) plant-1 were made on the growth, yield and quality of Banana cv. Cavendishi. Higher dose of Nitrogen, Potassium and Karanj cake showed better effect on growth, yield and quality of Banana on the other hand lower dose of Planofix had given better performance on above characters. The nutrients and chemicals recorded significant yield and quality of fruit either alone or in combination except the combination of karanj cake with other nutrient and chemicals. Maximum yield was recorded in case of 300 g of Nitrogen alongwith 200 ppm of Planofix with minimum yield in control. Similar trend was noted in other combinations.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative Performance of Tomato ( Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill) Cultivars For Spring Summer Season(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Punam Horo; B.P. JainTomato is a crop for health and happiness of the human being in the form of vegetable and fruit . Production of tomato is the outcome of interaction between, genetic constitution of the variety and environment in which they grow. For raising a good crop environment condition such as temperature, light, rainfall and humidity should be favorable. In comparison, tomato kis hardly to withstand against high temperature condition than several other vegetable crops. In Northern India two sowing is done, in June-July for the autumn and November-December for the spring. Tomato is grown mainly during rabi season. There are various cultivars of tomato which are either suitable for knowledge about their performance in different agro –climate conditions regarding yield potentialities and morphological characters. So, the experiment entitled “comparative performance of tomato cultivars for spring – summer season” was conducted in the cropping year 1996 .In this experiment , the same seed rate as well as similar management practices were given to all 18 varieties of tomato tested which tested which were hybrids and open pollinated (op) varieties .All treatments were replicated three times in a randomized Block design. During the course of investigation, it was observed that maximum plant height (55.00),Maximum number of branches (17.00) and maximum number of leaves (68.00) were found in cvs. Arka abha,TC 1 etc.but maximum girth of stem (4.67cm) and north to south and east to west spread of plants were found in the hybrids Rashmi and Rupali respectively. Due to summer season , there was less number of days taken for flowering ,fruiting and picking of fruits cv. Pb. Chuhara took more time for flowering, fruiting and picking. TRhe maximum polar fruit length was recorded in cv .Roma and maximum horizontal fruit size in hybrid vaishali. Volume of fruit was directly related to the size of fruit. The maximum weight of a fruit (85gm) was found in the hybrid vaishali and minimum (20.00gh) was in the pant T3. Maximum number of fruits (30.66) Per plant were obtained from the varities pant T3, which was significantly superior to rest others. Maximum weight of fruit was found in the hybrid Dhanshree, but maximum yield per plot and per hectare was found in Rupali. Maximum wilting percentage was found in hybrid vaishali (83%) and minimum (28%) in the cv Arka Abha. In qualitative characters, maximum juice percentage(81%) maximum T.S.S. (6.33) and maximum acidity (0.70%) were found in cvs KS2,LE 79 Pant Nager and money maker respectively .Maximum number of locules (06) was found in Bhagyashree. All hybrids as well as in other cultivars pb chuhara and Rome were of thicker skin and rest were of thin skin. The hybrid cultivar Rupali gave maximum yield and economic return under same management and cultural operations but there was 50 % wilting. Among other verities testes Tc1 gave higher return (Rs34.141.00) followed by cultivar Arka Abha with yield 156.37 q/ha and return Rs.31.723.50 and in this varieties ,minimum attack of wilting was found. Association analysis revealed that yield of tomato positively correlated with most of the characters except days taken of flowering (0.017) and wilting percentage of plants (0.259) Thus it may be concluded that the cultivar Arka Abha was found most suitable for farmers in spring summer season because there was minimum percentage of wilting (25%) and required low cost of production than hybrids.ThesisItem Open Access Floral And Pomological Studies on Some Promising Cultivars of Litchi ( Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) Under Chotanagpur Condition(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Ravi Shanker; B. K. BhagatThe litchi (lichi chinensis sonn) belonging to family sapindaceae is one of the most important subtropical evergreen fruit tree in India. It is a delicious, juicy and refreshing fruit of excellent quality .India is the second largest producer of litchi next to china. The important problems associated with poor production of litchi before maturity, splitting and cracking of fruits etc. The poor fruit setting and high percentage of fruit drop are major serious problems in litchi production. The present investigation on floral and cosmological study of five litchi cultivars was carried out during 1995-96, in the horticulture Department of Birsa Agricutural University,Kanke,Ranchi. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD).There were altogether five treatment, which were replicated four times. The litchi cultivar Deshi was the earliest in panicle emergence and flowering wheras late Bedana was late in these phenomena. The number of flowering per panicle as well as the number of hermaphrodite flowers per panicle, a base for fruiting was maximum in purbi and minimum in early Bedana. The highest percentage of fruit set was observed in Purbi whereas it was lowest in Early Bedana. Maximum fruit drop was recorded in cultivar purbi and minimum in late bedana. Purbi excelled in yield and fruit quality over other cultivars. However ,fruit weight in Early Bedana .Similarly aril percentage as well as juice percent was found highest in early bedana and lowest in Purbi. Further the percent of stone, size of stone , volume of stone and weight of stone was found minimum in Early Bedana. The percent of skin in fruit was minimum in Desi and maximum in purbi. The maximum juice/rag ration was observed in Early Bedana and minimum in late Bedena .Maximum TSS and minimum acidity was observed in purbi. The litchi is prized fruit for its excellent quality. Its cultivation is becoming popular in the chotanagpur region. The information contained in this thesis will be useful to the growers in selecting suitable cultivar for plantation besides its utility in breeding operation for the horticulturists working on this crop.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Lime and Potash on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Pea (pisum Sativum Linn) And Tomato (lycopersicon esculentum Mill)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Sunita Kandeyang; B.M.ChowdharyVegetables are considered as "Supplementary protective food". Among the vegetables pea (Pisum sativum Linn.) a leguminous crop and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) a Solanaceous crop are important vegetables. Both crops are grown widely in India but their productions per unit are very low as compared to world's production. Major constraints such as poor soil management including pH of the soil and fertility levels etc. are responsible for low production. The production can be raised to a great extent by improving soil condition and optimum use of fertilizers. The experiment" Effect of lime and potash on the growth, yield and quality of pea and tomato" was conducted at vegetable Research Section of the Department of Horticulture, B.A.U. Kanke, Ranchi during Rabi season of 1995-96. The experiment was designed in Randomised Block Design having nine treatments, replicated three times. The levels of lime were 0 (control), 200 (L) and 400 Kg/ha (L) and levels of potash were 0 (control),40 Kg. (K) and 80 Kg/ha (K2). As such there were nine treatment combination i.e. Loko, biko, ₂KO, LOK1, L1K1, L2K1, LoK2. LK2 and L2K2. Results of the experiment indicated that growth and yield attributing characters of pea and tomato were significantly affected by both lime and potash application but their combination effect of both factors failed to influence significantly. An increasing levels of both lime and potash application increased growth characters, yield and yield attribute characters. Maximum vegetative growth (110.99 cm) and highest yield (115.11 g/ha) was obtaine with 400 Kg lime application in pea. In tomato, maximum vegetative growth (104.81cm) was recorded with 200 Kg lime application and highest yield (228.23 g/ha) was obtained with 400 Kg lime per hectare. Among the potash application, K40 Kg/ha gave maximum vegetative growth 110.17 cm and 107.47 cm for pea and tomato and K80 Kg/ha gave the highest yield 104.17 g/ha and 237.32 q/ha for both pea and tomato crop. Highest net return 17746.86 Rs/ha and maximum benefit cost ratio 1.74 was obtained at 400 and Kg/ha for pea crop. Similarly highest net return Rs 51418.48 /ha and maximum benefit cost ratio 4.97 was obtained at 400 Kg/ha for tomato crop. In respect with potash application, maximum net return Rs 14619.84/ha and maximum B:C ratio 1.48 was obtained at K40 Kg/ha for pea and for tomato crop, maximum net return Rs 54217.10 /ha and maximum benefit cost ratio 5.32 was obtained at K80 Kg/ha for tomato crop.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Foliar Feeding of Calcium, Boron And Zinc on Yield And Quality of Litchi (Lichi Chinensis Sonn. Cv. Purbi(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Arun Kumar Tiwary; R. N. RayLitchi is one of the important subtropical fruit crop. Besides having a delicious taste, excellent flavor, pleasant fragrance and attractive appearance . It has enough nutrients like carbohydrate, acids, vitamins, protein, minerals and fats. In litchi cultivation, the main problems are dropping of fruit in initial stages, fruit cracking and a bit inferior quality of fruit in this region in comparison to North-Bihar. Foliar feeding of nutrients is known to influence the metabolic activity of the plants apart from serving as mode of supplementary feeding, thereby mobilizing the yields and other potentialities of plants. So, the experiment was laid out on the topic “Effect of foliar feeding of calcium, Boron and zine on yield and quality of litchi (Litchi chinensis sonn) cv. Purbi”. It was conducted in the cropping year 1996.The treatment consisted of 4 sprayings each of calcium chloride (1.0 and 1.5 per cent), calcium nitrate(1.0 and 1.5 per cent),Borex (0.15 and 0.030 per cent) Zinc sulphate(0.4 and 0.8%) and water sprays compared to unsprayed control. The first spraying was made on 26th March 96 and subsequent spraying were made on every 15th day. There was 10 treatment replicated three times in a Randomised Block Design. Experiment revealed that the final fruit retention varied from 17.00 to 31.00 per cent in trees sprayed with water and 0.30 per cent Borex respectively as against 15.00 per cent in control. The length of sprayed litchi fruits varied from 3.61 to 4.06 cm and 2.45 cm respectively .The maximum length and breath of fruits were found in zinc sulphate 0.8 per cent treated fruits. The fruits treated with zinc sulphate at 0.8 per cent concentration also had the maximum volume 19.93 cc as against 15.30cc in control. All the treatments except T9 (water spray) were significantly effective in increasing the weight of fruits. The treated fruit-weight varied from 15.62 g to 18.16 g in trees sprayed with water and 0.8 per cent zine sulphate as against 14.98 g in control. Maximum edible portion i.e. aril (12.09g) was in T8 i e. Zinc sulphate at 0.8 per cent concentration. The fruits of this treatment also showed the maximum stone weight (4.09 g) and minimum peel weight (2.42g) as against 3.54 and 3.20 g in control respectively. Foliar feeding of zinc sulphate 0.4 per cent gave significant increase in juice content(6.53ml =36.02 per cent of fruit weight )followed by zinc sulphate 0.8 per cent and Borax at 0.15 per concentration. The analysis of data also showed that all the treatment were significant effective in reducing the fruit cracking. The minimum fruit cracking 5.8 per cent was found in T6 i.e. .Borax 0.30 per cent in comparison to control (14.50 per cent) The yield of litchi fruits in terms of weight varied from 16.52 kg to 20.10 Kg per tree which were sprayed with water and borex at 0.03 per cent concentration respectively whearas it was 15.50 kg in control. The maximum T.8.8.(20.93) and ascorbic acid (40.03 mg /100 ml juice) were found in fruits treated with 0.8 per cent concentration of zinc sulphate spray. In control,T.S.S. was 18.50 brix and ascorbic acid was 35.33 mg/100ml juice. So far as organoleptic test is concerned , the fruits treated with Borax (0.15 and 0.30 per cent) and zinc sulphate (0.4 and 0.8 per cent) and zinc sulpate (0.4 and 0.8 per cent ) were considered very good. Thus it may be concluded that foliar feeding of borax at 0.30 per cent concentration is the best treatment to increase the yield and quality of purbi cultivar of litchi. However as this result is based on one years data, It needs verification for at least one more year for its recommendation to the growers.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Seed Soaking and Spacing on Growth and Seed Yield in Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) C.Sanjay Toppo; K.K.PrasadOkra (abelmoshus asculentus L)is one of the popular vegetable in India grown extensively all the year round for its tender pods. It belongs to the family Malvaceae and is native to Africa. Tender pods are used as vegetable, boiled or in the form of sliced and fried dishes. It has high nutritive values ,posses medicinal properties. It is a rich in vitamins (A,B and C) and many minerals with little iron. Matured fruits and stem containing curde fibre are used in paper industry. It is commonly grown in almost all parts of the plains and plateau regions. The total cultivated area of okra in Bihar is about 40.000ha. Seed is protector and propagator of its kinds and has paramount important in seed production. Seed production is affected by number of factors among this germination of seed plays vital role. Germination of seed and spacing decide the vigour, health and good crop stand of the okra. A little work has been done on seed production of okra. A little work has been done on seed production of okra in chotanagpur region . Keeping these points in view an experiment entitled Effect of seed soaking and spacing on growth and seed yield in okra was laid out with six seed soaking treatment viz GA3(50ppm,100ppm),Boron (0.25% and 0.50%) NPK (2%) and water soaking in different doses and three spacing viz (60cmx15cm,60cmx30cm and 60cmx45cm) with cultivar prabhani Kranti.In control plot seed was sown without soaking. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice.Recommended dose of fertilizer was given in all the treatments and all due cares were taken during the period of investigation. Highest germination (85.64%) of okra crop was recorded with GA3 100ppm whearas, lowest germination (78.70) was recorded in borax(0.05%).The vegrtative characters were significantly influenced with GA3 and chemical applied.Maximum plant height(123.20cm),plant girth (7.54cm), plant spread (N-S) and (E-W) number of branches(1.97) and number of nodes per plant (19.64) were recorded inGA3 100ppm followed by GA350ppm.Different plant spacing had only significant influenced on plant girth, number of branches and number of nodes. Maximum(7.25cm) plant girth and (20.4) number of branches were obtained with 60cm x 45cm spacing followed by 60cmx30cm .Maximum (18.96)number of nodes was recorded in 60cm x30cm spacing. Yield attributing characters were significantly influenced with application of GA3 and chemicals. Maximum fruit length (18.52cm), fruit girth (5.42cm),dry fruit weight (25.46g)and number of seeds per fruit(57.39)were recorded with GA3 100ppm and closely followed by GA3 50 ppm.Different plant spacing did not influence these characters. Seed yield (g/plot) was significantly influenced by seed soaking treatments and spacings. Maximum seeds yield (7.09 q/ha) was obtained with GA3 100ppm which was at par with GA3 50ppm(6.94q/ha).A plant spacing 60cmx15cm significantly highest (10.43q/ha)seed yield. However, interaction effect were nit significantly but combination of seed treatment with GA3 100ppm and spacing 60cmx15cm gave higher seed yield (11.39q/ha) which was better than rest combination. Maximum profit (rs 15.455=00) and benefit-cost ratio (1.20) were obtained in the seed soaking treatment withGA3 at 100ppm concentration followed by GA3 50ppm .Similarly, highest return (Rs28.355=00 and benefit :cost ratio (2012)per unit area were oThesisItem Open Access Studies on Effect of Foliar Spray of Potassium, Calcium, Zinc And Gibberellin Acid On The Reproduction Growth Fruit-Set, Yield And Quality Of Guava (psidium Guajava L.) Cv Allahabad Safeda(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Sheoprasonna Kumar; C.SinghGuava (Psidium guajava L.), the apple of tropics, belongs to family myrtaceae, is one of the most common fruit in India. It claims to be the fourth position in area and production after mango, banana and citrus and Bihar ranks next to Uttar Pradesh. Being a native of tropical America, it is widely grown in most parts of our country. It has attained a respectable place and popularity amongst the dietary list of common people in the country. Availability of the fruits for a longer part of the year at moderate price provides a chance of fresh fruits for consumption. As it is evident that the soil of Chotanagpur is acidic and gravely in nature i.e. course textured sandy. soil, hence it has maximum leaching capacity. If nutrients are added into the soil, the absorption is delayed and scanty. In such circumstances, growth as well as production will be insufficient. In recent years variety of chemicals in solution form are directly applied as foliar spray since they are readily absorbed and utilized more efficiently. This method is more convenient, gives quicker response and permits accurate timings of the resultant effects. Moreover, soil application is enormous uneconomical, hence it can be replaced by spray application of smaller doses. In spite of all above facts the cultivators of Chotanagpur and Santhal Parganas have no authentic informations regarding the impact of various nutrients and growth regulators in cultivation of guava for maximum return at minimum cost. Thus, in view of the above, an endeavour was made to study the effect of K, Ca, Zn and GA3, on the reproductive growth, fruit-set, yield and quality of guava. The present investigation was carried out at the Horticulture Garden of the Department of Horticulture, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi. The experiment was laidout in Randomised Block Design with twelve treatments and it was replicated thrice. Single plant was treated as a single plot. The result of foliar spray on guava indicated that CAN+ GA, 150 ppm and CAN + GA, 200 ppm were the best treatments to get maximum yield and best quality of fruits such as physical as well as chemical alongwith organoleptic scores of fruits in comparison to control. The next treatments which showed better performance in enhancing the yield as well as quality of fruits, were CAN + GA3, 100 ppm and CAN + ZnSo4. 1.5 percent. On the basis of results obtained it may be concluded that GA3, 150 ppm become the best treatment to get maximum yield and best quality of fruits just followed by GA, 200 ppm. GA, 100 ppm and ZnSo, 1.5 percent showed very satisfactory results in respect of yield and quality of fruits and these are at par to each other. Hence on the basis of results obtained the spray of GA, 100-150 ppm and ZnSo4. 1.5 per cent may be recommended to the growers for better production of guava with best quality of fruits.
