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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Some Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Gaertn. ) Germplasm, Lines(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Supriya Supal Surin; V. KerkettaFinger millet (Eleusine coracana G.) is one of the important small millet in India as well as in the Jharkhand state. It belongs to the family 'Gramineae with the chromosome number 2n=36. The present investigation was conducted in Dryland Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi during Karif season of 1999. The variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis studies were made in a collection of fifty genotypes of finger millet for ten quantitative characters. The analysis of variance revealed that there is the significant difference among all the lines for all the characters under study. Plant height, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity showed wide range of variability. The characters panicle length, number of fingers per panicle, effective tillers per plant, grain yield per panicle and grain yield per plant recorded the high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability was observed for the characters panicle length, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, grain yield per panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant. Moderate value of heritability observed for plant height, number of fingers and effective tillers per plant. These characters also had high or moderate value of genetic advance as percent of mean. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield per plant was strongly associated with panicle length, days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity, grain yield per panicle and harvest index. There was negative correlation between number of fingers per panicle and grain yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis, revealed that the characters plant height, days to 50 percent flowering, number of effective tiller per plant, grain yield per panicle, 1000-grain weight and harvest index effect directly towards the grain yield and the character panicle length and number of finger per panicle effect indirectly towards the grain yield. The result obtained in the present investigation indicated that the characters panicle length, days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity, effective tillers per plant, grain yield per panicle and 1000-grain weight are the yield contributing characters in finger millet and may be beneficial for further selection. These characters are correlated either significantly or positively with yield and also have high value of heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean.ThesisItem Open Access Study of Combining Ability And Heterosis in Niger ( Guizotia Abyssinica Cass.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Ekbalaque Ahmad; Sohan RamThe present investigation was undertaken to evaluate nine diverse germplasm lines with the objectives of genetically enhancement of Niger breeding lines in respect of seed yield and important yield contribution characters. Nine line were crossed in daillel fashion .Parents and their 36 F1s were grown in randomized block design with three replication during Kharif 1999. The data was recorded on ten competitive plants for each character which were analyzed for variability heritability genetic advance correlation heterosis and combining ability analysis. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the parent’s parents Vs crosses for most of the characters studied while crossed showed highly significant differences for all characters. Variability study also revealed a wide range of variation for most of the characters. The increased value of cross over parental mean for all characters, except days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity and plant height. The phenotypic and genotypic variance were more in the crosses than in the parents for most of the characters except days to 50 percent flowering and days to maturity. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were greater in crosses than parents except days to maturity and capitulum diameter. The heritability estimates in broad sense were high for most of the characters studied in conjunction with medium genetic advance. In correlation study , the seed yield was found to be positive and significantly correlated with number of primary and secondary branches per plant, capitulum per plant, capitulum diameter and 1000-seed weight. Extent of heterosis varied considerably for different characters. The extent heterotic crosses for different characters were mostly different over mid, better and best-parents. The heterosis over better and best-parents ranged from -35.75 to 35.50 percents for seed yield respectively. The crosses BAUM-1 X BNM1 BNUM1, BNM2, Phule-4 XBNH-1 and GA-10 X BAUM-1 were best cross combination for heterosis over mid, better and best parents while many other crosses were also found to be highly positive significant for heterosis for other yield contributing characters. Mean square due to general and specific combinating ability were highly significant for all characters indicating thereby the involvement of both additive and non additive gene action in expression of these characters. The relative magnitude of o2 sca was higher than that of o2gca for all characters indicaiting preponderance for non – addition genetic variance . The estimates of mean degree of dominance revealed over dominance effect for many yield attributes. Among the parental lines, phule-4, BAUM-1 and GA-10 were adjudged as the best general combiners for seed yield which were highly significant while the parents BAUM-1 CNH_1etc. were found to be best general combiners for most of the plant characters. The best specific cross combination for seed yield were BAUM-1X BNM-1 X BNH2, Phule 4, X BNH1, GA 10X BNM2, BNC 120 X Ootacamund and chh1 X GA-10 had highly positive significant sca effects.ThesisItem Open Access Variability And Correlation Studies in Indian Rape Seed & Mustard..(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Sudeep kumar Singh; D.K. GanguliThe present investigations on the genotypic and phenotypic variability and correlation was carried out for nine characters in forty genotypes of Indian rape taken from different sources. Analysis of variance for nine characters revealed highly significant variations among the genotypes for all the characters. The range of variation observed in nine characters indicated a wide range of variation within characters. Highest range was observed in character, number of secondary branches per plant and lowest in days to maturity. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was highest for number of secondary branches per plant followed by number of siliquae per plant and number of primary branches per plant. Days to maturity had the lowest coefficient of variation followed by days to 50 % flowering. An may be seen from the table the phenotypic and genotypic variances of three characters viz; seed yield per plot, number of siliquae per plant and plant height were quite high. variation was found for number of secondary branches per piant. The character days to maturity had the phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. lowest Highest heritability estimates was observed for days t 50% flowering (97.32) followed by plant height (84.13) number of secondary branches per plant (70.61) and days to maturity (70.20). The character number of seeds per silique had the lowest heritability. The expected genetic advance suggested relative differences among the different plant characters studied. The character, seed yield per plot showed highest genetic advance (52.36) followed by plant height (14.23) and number of siliquae per plant (12.15). The character 1000-seed weight showed lowest genetic advance. Genetic advance in percentage of mean was observed to be highest for character number of secondary branches per plant and lowest for the character days to maturity. Highest significant genotypic positive correlation of seed yield per plot was found with the character, number of seeds per siliqua followed by number of primary branches per plant. Positive significant phenotypic correlation of seed yield per plot was found with number of siliquae per plant. Findings of present investigation revealed that selection based on the characters, number of siliquse per plant, number of primary and secondary branches per plant will be more reliable.ThesisItem Open Access Variability And Association Studies in Soybean Glycine Max .L. (Merril)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Shashi Minz; A.K. VermaFortyfive soybean genotypes were grown in a randomized completed block design with three replications during Kharif season of 1995 .The data recorded on eleven quantitative character viz days to first flowering days to 50 % flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant , days to maturity, number of pods per plant pod length number seed per pod number of seed per plant, 100 Seeds weight and seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant were analyzed to find put the estimate of variability heritability genetic advance correlation coefficients and path coefficients. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all eleven characters. The characters days to first flowering days to 50 % flowering plant height , number of pod per plant, number of seed per plant, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight showed a wede range in their gross variability. The characters number of pods per plant, number of seed per plant and seed yield per plant recorded high phenotypic coefficient as well as genotypic coefficient of variation. Number of primary branch es per plant and plant height showed moderately high coefficient of variation. Heritability for all the characters under study except number of seeds per pod was high. ?Number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant showed high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Seed yield per plant and number of primary branches per plant also showed high genetic advance as cent of mean. Seed yield per plant was strongly correlated with number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant. Correlation between seed yield per plant and days to 50 per cent flowering and also between seed yield per plant and number of primary branches was highly significant. Path coefficeient analysis revealed that the character number of seeds per plant had the maximum direct effect on seed yield per plant .100 seed weight also showed high direct effect on seed yield per plant. High correlation between seed yield paer plant and number of pods per plant was also through number of seeds per plant. It appears that phenotypic selection for number of pods per plant number of seeds per plant and number of primary branched per plant would be useful for all practical purpose in soybeanThesisItem Open Access Cataloguing of Gora Rice Germpl asm(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Abhinandan Singh; Dr. M.P. SinghRice (Drva sativa, L.) is an important and the oldest food crop among all the cultivated crop species in the world. In India, race occupied about 41 million ha and annual production reaches 70 million metric tonnes during 1987. The yield gains in rice production were achieved due to the introduction of high yielding varieties in a big way in the country. Thus, the rapid spread of high yielding semi-dwarf since 1966-67 has greatly narrowed the genetic base of the rice crop. Fortunately the magnitude of genetic erosion is not much in this plateau region of Bihar compared to other parts of the country because the improved v. are confined only to some irrigated area and could not ask much impact in this tribal belt. Rice being cultivated in monsoon, faces problems of adaptation for specific ecosystem. As such, combat these problems breeders are looking for new sources of genetic material for incorporation of multiple resistance for which traditional indices have been found to be major donors. Rice cultivars usually grown under rainfed condition undulating unfunded lands of Chhotanagpur and S.P. region are locally known as gora rice. Such rices are early in maturity possess remarkable capacity to tolerate water stress under drought condition. Thus, collection, conservation and cataloguing of germplasm which is said to be the back bone of any crop improvement, has been felt in case of such gora rices. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to characterize and evaluate the existing collection of gora rices to that catalogue could be prepared for ready reference of breeders working in upland rice improvement programme region of Bihar. of this plateau Direct seeding in dry condition under upland situation was done during 1991 and 1992 in 2 rows plot of 3 metre length for each accession. The inter-row spacing of 30 ca. and plant to plant 20 cm. in each accession and 50 cm. from one to another accession was maintained. Brown Gora 23-19 was also sown in the same way on every 10 accessions for comparison of different traits. Altogether 50 upland gora germplasm were studied in the present investigation for 54 different traits of which 20 are quantitative, 27 are qualitative, 2 are physiological and rest 5 are of biotic stresses. All such characters were summarized with a view to complete a record to prepare a catalogue on gora rice. All such germplasm were also evaluated and compared with the well adapted var. Brown Gora 23-19. Besides, some of the germplase were also selected and discussed for use as donors for many favourable traits in future breeding programme. On the basis of aforesaid results it may be concluded that traditional upland rices of this plateau region of Bihar possess large variability for economically important traits which may be termed as favourable genetic traits and thus could be used directly as donors in future breeding programme. Cataloguing of such gora rices for 54 different traits has also been completed and thus could be used directly as donors for specific characters in future breeding programme. Cataloguing of such gora rices for 54 different traits has also been completed and thus could be used to take help to compare when any new sample is collected in future. Besides, eight selected acessions could be used directly as donors for favourable genetic traits required for upland rices. It is further concluded that Karanga Gora = 1 (Acc. No. 34) was the most promising variety among all the accessions evaluated for two consecutive seasons and thus could be released as variety after further testing in the farmers' field of this plateau region of Bihar.ThesisItem Unknown Variability And Correlation Studies in Some Fustigiata And Hypogaea Sub -Species of Groundnut ( Arachis Hypogaea L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Sima Kumari; Dr.A.K. VermaThe investigations on the genotypic and phenotypic variability, correlations and path coefficient analysis was conducted for nine characters in 20 varie ties each of fastigiata (Spanish/Valencia) and hypogaea (Virginia) sub-species of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea, L.). Analysis of variance for nine characters in both the sub-species revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for almost all characters except percentage of sound mature kernel in Spanish/Valencia group. Both the fastigiata and hypogaea genotypes showed wide range of variation for almost all the characters studied. Phenotypic and genotypic variance both in Spanish/Valencia and Virginia had more or less similar trend for all characters except for 100-kernel weight which had very high value in Virginia groundnut. However, number of primary branches and 100-kernel weight in Virginia group recorded higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability than Spanish/Valencia. Number of pods per plant in Virginia group showed high heritability (81.39 %) as compared to Spanish/Valencia (26.78%). Other characters in both types were more or less comparable with respect to heritability. Genetic advance as per cent of mean for number of pods per plant, 100-kernel weight and pod yield per plant showed higher estimates in Virginia group while it was higher for length of primary branches, height of main axis and 100-kernel weight in case of Spanish/Valencia. In Spanish/Valencia group, positive and significant correlation was observed between height of main axis and length of primary branches but significant and negative correlations were noted between length of primary branches, oil percentage, length of primary branches and shelling percentage. Number of pods per plant and percentage of sound mature kernel in Spanish/Valencia type also exhibit ed significant but negative correlation. While in case of Virginia group, positive and significant correlation of height of main axis showed positive and significant correlation with 100-kernel weight and length of primary branches. Number of primary branches, number of pods per plant and percentage of oil showed positive and significant correlations with pod yield per plant. Path analysis revealed that selection based on character 100-kernel weight among fastigiata sub-species and number of primary branches and percentage of oil among hypogaea sub-species and number of pods per plant and length of primary branches among both fastigiata as well as hypogaea will be more reliable.ThesisItem Unknown Studies on Correlation and path coefficient analysis in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1986) Pradip Kumar Ghosh; P. K. SinhaThe investigations on the genotypic and phenotypic variability, and correlations of six quantitative characters were conducted in thirty eight genotypes of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and path analysis of these characters vas undertaken. Analysis of variance for six quantitative characters under study indicated that there was highly significant difference among thirty eight entries. Phenotypic coefficient of variations was found high for all the characters under study except plant height. Genotypic coefficient of variations was high in four characters in comparison to plant height and number of leaves per plant. Tuber yield per plant was observed to be significantly and positively correlated with number of stems per hill, plant height, number of tubers per plant and number of leaves per plant, whereas it showed insignificant correlation with average tuber weight at phenotypic level. On examining the phenotypic and genotypic correlation values, it was found that the characters i plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers and average tuber weight have higher genotypic correlation values for tuber yield than their corresponding phenotypic values. Tuber yield shoved non-significant negative correlation with the number of stems per hill at genotypic level. The average tuber weight gave the highest positive and direct effect on tuber yield at genotypic level. Number of stems per hill, plant height and number of tubers per plant also showed positive, direct effect on tuber yield whereas number of leaves per plant showed highly negative direct effect on tuber yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that, out of all the component characters, average tuber weight and number of tubers per plant had the maximum contribution to the yield directly and also had high genotypic coefficient of variation associated with high heritability estimate in bro ad sense and high genetic advance in per cent of mean as compared to other yield contributing characters. This indicated that the possibility of improvement in yield potential through direct selection in favour of these two component characters viz., average tuber weight and number of tuber per plant.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence in rice(Oryza sativa L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1986) Chaman Lal Raina; J. B. TomarThe present investigation was carried out to study the extent of variability, heritability and expected genetic advance of 169 genotypes of indica rices for ten quantitative characters viz., total tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, days to 50 per cent flovering, plant height, paniele length, number of primary branches per panicle, number. of grains per panicle, biological yield por plant, 100-grain weight and grain yield per plant. The phenotypie and genotypic orrelations of aforesaid characters 4th grain yield and among themselves vere ascertained. Path coefficient analysis was carried out for determination of the direction and magnitude of the specific sources acting to produce the given correlation response. Mahal anobis's D²-statistics was utilized in quantifying the amount of genetic diversity. The analysis of variance of the above mentioned ten characters showed that the genotypes differed significantly among themselves for all the ten characters. A wide range of phenotypic variability was observed in number of grains por panicle, plant height, biological yield per plant and days to 50 por cont flowering. Moderate to low phenotypic variance vas found for grain yield por plant, total tillers per plant, effective tillers per plant, panicle length, number of primary branches per panicle and 100-grain weight. Genotypie varianceThesisItem Open Access Genetical studies on some intervarietal crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1986) Mahasweta Kar; R. B. Prasadstudies were undertaken to resolve the genetics of hull adherence, ear alignment, pericarp colour, glume colour and aun colour in the 7₁ and F2 generations of the crosses between seventeen varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgars L.). ten of which were hullless and seven hulled. Attempts were also made to detect linkage relationships, if any, between the genes controlling the various characters through joint segrega tion studies of the character pairs involved. The results have been critically discussed in the light of available literature. Hull adherence was found to be inherited on the basis of a single gene pair with the dominance of hulled condition in all the crosses studied. Probably the same dominant gene was present in all the hulled varieties. All the hullless varieties carried the recessive allele, except Karan 18 which seemed to carry the dominant allele for hulled condition along with an inhibitor which made it hullless. With this simple inheritance it should be easier for the breeder to incorporate this character in the commercial varieties to enhance their acceptibility by the farmers. Ear alignment was found to be complex in heritance. Three genes were found to control this character, two of which belonged to a complimentary system and are had an independent action.Pendant character was found to be dominant. From the consideration of results it is evident that the varieties Karan 264, L36 and Karan 16 had all the three dominant genes. the varieties P40, Pusa184 and Karan18 had the two dominant complimentary genes, Karan231 had the dominant allele of the independent action gene along with one dominant allele of the complimentary system, Ratna and Karan 4 had only one of the dominant genes of the complimentary system, while BR32, K125 and Jyoti had all the three recessive alleles. For pericarp colour the varieties Karan 4, P40, Karan16, L36, Jyoti, Karan18 and Karan16 were found two have tuo duplicate dominant genes with slight dosage effect, at least tuo dominant alleles being required to produce amber grain colour. The varieties Ratna, BR32, DR31, K125, Karan161, Pusa164, Pusa179 and Karan 231 carried the recessive alleles. Both the glume and aun pigmentation were found to be controlled by two dominant complimentary genes. However, their action was inhibited to cause a non-pigmented condition by a dominant gene which was found to be operative in all the crosses studied. There were indications coming out of joint segregation studies that there was a basic dominant gene for authocyanin pigmentation in glumes and awns that was able to express itself only in the presence of complimen tary dominant gene which was separate for glume and aun pigmentation. There was also present an inhibitor gene which could cut off the expression of the basic gene. It was not possible from the present studies to undertake varietyise allocation of these genes. studies of joint segregations of various character pairs indicated that the genes controlling hull adherence and ear alignment, hull adherence and am colour, pericarp colour and glume colour and pericarp colour and an colour assorted independently. Evidence of linkage was obtained in 4 out of 7 crosses for hull adherence and pericarp colour in 1 out of 4 crosses for hull adherence and glume colour, in 2 out of 2 crosses for ear alignment pericarp colour, in both the cross for ear alignment and glune colour, in one of out of one crosa for ear alignment and am colour and in two out of three crosses for glume colour and awn colour. It was considered unreliable to partition the total chi-square values and estimate cross over percentage because the population was much too small for 4 to 6 gene segregations. Furthermore, quite a few of the characters were controlled by interacting genes which made the task of definitely identifying the linked gene very difficult. However, there was evidence that in the cross Karan 264 x L 36 the gene for hull adherence was linked with the complimentary gene specific for glume colour and not to the basic gene responsible for pigment development in both glumes and awns.
