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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 1997 × Start date: 1993 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cataloguing of Gora Rice Germpl asm
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Abhinandan Singh; Dr. M.P. Singh
    Rice (Drva sativa, L.) is an important and the oldest food crop among all the cultivated crop species in the world. In India, race occupied about 41 million ha and annual production reaches 70 million metric tonnes during 1987. The yield gains in rice production were achieved due to the introduction of high yielding varieties in a big way in the country. Thus, the rapid spread of high yielding semi-dwarf since 1966-67 has greatly narrowed the genetic base of the rice crop. Fortunately the magnitude of genetic erosion is not much in this plateau region of Bihar compared to other parts of the country because the improved v. are confined only to some irrigated area and could not ask much impact in this tribal belt. Rice being cultivated in monsoon, faces problems of adaptation for specific ecosystem. As such, combat these problems breeders are looking for new sources of genetic material for incorporation of multiple resistance for which traditional indices have been found to be major donors. Rice cultivars usually grown under rainfed condition undulating unfunded lands of Chhotanagpur and S.P. region are locally known as gora rice. Such rices are early in maturity possess remarkable capacity to tolerate water stress under drought condition. Thus, collection, conservation and cataloguing of germplasm which is said to be the back bone of any crop improvement, has been felt in case of such gora rices. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to characterize and evaluate the existing collection of gora rices to that catalogue could be prepared for ready reference of breeders working in upland rice improvement programme region of Bihar. of this plateau Direct seeding in dry condition under upland situation was done during 1991 and 1992 in 2 rows plot of 3 metre length for each accession. The inter-row spacing of 30 ca. and plant to plant 20 cm. in each accession and 50 cm. from one to another accession was maintained. Brown Gora 23-19 was also sown in the same way on every 10 accessions for comparison of different traits. Altogether 50 upland gora germplasm were studied in the present investigation for 54 different traits of which 20 are quantitative, 27 are qualitative, 2 are physiological and rest 5 are of biotic stresses. All such characters were summarized with a view to complete a record to prepare a catalogue on gora rice. All such germplasm were also evaluated and compared with the well adapted var. Brown Gora 23-19. Besides, some of the germplase were also selected and discussed for use as donors for many favourable traits in future breeding programme. On the basis of aforesaid results it may be concluded that traditional upland rices of this plateau region of Bihar possess large variability for economically important traits which may be termed as favourable genetic traits and thus could be used directly as donors in future breeding programme. Cataloguing of such gora rices for 54 different traits has also been completed and thus could be used directly as donors for specific characters in future breeding programme. Cataloguing of such gora rices for 54 different traits has also been completed and thus could be used to take help to compare when any new sample is collected in future. Besides, eight selected acessions could be used directly as donors for favourable genetic traits required for upland rices. It is further concluded that Karanga Gora = 1 (Acc. No. 34) was the most promising variety among all the accessions evaluated for two consecutive seasons and thus could be released as variety after further testing in the farmers' field of this plateau region of Bihar.