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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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20182
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Subject: Forest Product and Utilisation × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic divergence and traits association studies in Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. Ex Kurz (Sarpgandha)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) BAKHLA, RASHMI; Kumar, Jai
    Keeping in view the importance of divergence study, a systematic research trial was undertaken to quantify extent of divergence of different Sarpgandha germplasm through its qualitative and quantitative traits at AICRP (M&APs) farm, BAU, Ranchi with the following objectives. 1. To estimate the extent of genetic divergence and clustering pattern among selected germplasm of Sarpgandha 2. To screen out superior germplasm of Sarpgandha on the basis of quantitative traits 3. To find out percentage contribution of quantitative traits towards its genetic divergence 4. To study trait association pattern with regards to yield to facilitate selection of traits 5. To determine heritability and genetic advance of quantitative traits useful for improvement. Research was laid out in RBD with 25 treatments replicated thrice. Experimental material consisted of 25 germplasm of Sarpgandha (BRS1 to BRS25) collected from different districts of Jharkhand. Different qualitative and quantitative parameters were measured as per NBPGR guidelines. The replicated data of all the 25 germplasm for quantitative traits was subjected to genetic divergence analysis, analysis of variance, correlation matrix, path value analysis and principal component analysis. 15 germplasm of Sarpgandha showed semi-erect plant growth habit, while 10 had erect. Three types of leaf arrangement were found namely verticilite (16), alternate (5) and opposite (4). The root colour of 17 germplasm was pale brown while 8 germplasm had grayish brown root colour. Two type of inflorescence were found namely corymbose (14) and umbellate (11). Flower colour of 11 germplasm was pink and rest 14 germplasm were white. The fruit shape of six germplasm was globose, 9 were ovoid and 10 were sub-globose. Two type of fruit colour were noticed, and out of 25 germplasm, 19 had dark purple colour and six had brownish colour. Seed shape of 13 germplasm was elliptical and 12 were obovate. Significant differences were noticed in the plant height and maximum value was recorded for BRS2 (67.66cm) and minimum by BRS20 (37.33). Significant differences were noticed in stem diameter and maximum value was noticed for BRS15 (11.63mm), and minimum for BRS4 (7.30mm). In case of number of primary branches/plant, maximum value was noticed for BRS1 (7.00), and minimum for BRS7 (2.33). Significant differences were observed for number of leaves/plant and its maximum value was recorded for BRS23 (69.33) and least by BRS20 (24.33). Significant difference was also observed for number of nodes/plant and maximum value was recorded for BRS2 (13.66) and minimum for BRS12 (7.66). Significant differences were observed in case of length of inter-nodes and its maximum value for recorded BRS8 (10.85cm) and minimum in BRS7 (6.42cm). Maximum crown spread in N-S and E-W directions was recorded for BRS7 (33cm and 30.66cm) respectively and its minimum value observed for BRS25 (19.16cm and 20.16cm) respectively. Significant differences were also observed in case of inflorescence length and maximum value observed for BRS16 (10.31cm) and minimum value BRS21 (6.24cm). Maximum leaf length was recorded for BRS25 (13.17cm) which varied significantly from its minimum value recorded for BRS6 (9.50cm). In case of leaf width significant difference was observed with its maximum value for BRS10 (4.65 cm) and minimum for BRS7 (3.06 cm). Significant difference was observed in the number of inflorescence/plant and its maximum value was recorded for BRS2 (13.66) and minimum for BRS6 (2.33). Number of flower/inflorescence was also varied significantly and its maximum value was recorded for BRS18 (94.66) and minimum for BRS7 (17.66). In case of number of fruits/inflorescence, significant differences were observed with its maximum value BRS18 (88.66) and minimum for BRS7 (12.66). Number of seeds/fruit was also varied significantly with its maximum value BRS2 (1.72) and minimum for BRS11 and BRS22 (1.05). Maximum root length was recorded for BRS2 (88.16 cm) which varied significantly with its minimum value of BRS20 (68.03 cm). Significant differences were observed in root diameter with its maximum value in BRS4 (17.31 mm) and minimum in BRS18 (13.05 mm). As regards to dry root yield/plant, maximum value was recorded for BRS9 (83.32 g) which varied significantly with minimum value recorded for BRS20 (42.85 g). In case of seed yield/plant, maximum value recorded for BRS23 (21.89 g) which varied significantly with its minimum value recorded for BRS5 (1.51 g). Among the sources of genetic diversity in Sarpgandha germplasm, maximum percentage of contribution was shown by seed yield/plant (51.33%) followed by inflorescence length (19.33%) and number of flower/inflorescence (11.67%). Seven clusters were formed through genetic divergence analysis, out of which cluster I contains maximum 9 number of germplasm. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and cluster VI (13.59) followed by cluster II and cluster III (12.46). Correlation matrix of different plant characters showed plant height had highly significantly positively correlated with dry root yield/plant (0.594) and significant positive correlation between root length and dry root yield/plant (0.414). Path analysis of different growth parameter affecting seed yield/plant indicated maximum direct positive impact by no. of flowers/ inflorescence (0.658) and maximum direct negative impact by no. of fruits/inflorescence (-0.486). In case of dry root yield/plant, maximum direct positive effect was shown by plant height (0.590) and maximum direct negative effect was by root diameter (- 0.472). Maximum heritability was shown by seed yield/plant (97.34%) followed by inflorescence length (88.42%). However, maximum genetic advance was also shown by seed yield/plant (129.13%) followed by no. of fruits/inflorescence (79.59%). So to conclude, as regards to estimate the extent of genetic divergence and clustering pattern among selected germplasm of Sarpgandha, seven clusters were formed, out of which cluster I consisted of 9 germplasm, followed by cluster II (8 germplasm) and cluster III (4 germplasm). Maximum inter cluster divergence was found between cluster III and cluster VI (13.59) followed by cluster II and cluster III (12.46) and cluster III and VII (10.44). So parents may be selected for hybridization program from these clusters i.e. cluster (III & VI), (II & III) and (III & VII). The extent of genetic divergence was ranged between 3 to 30% which may be considered as low genetic divergence. As regards to screen out superior germplasm of Sarpgandha on the basis of quantitative traits, on the basis of dry root yield/plant, three germplasm namely BRS9 followed by BRS23 & BRS5 may be selected as superior germplasm because they produced maximum 83.32, 78.25 & 77.97 g dry root yield/plant respectively, which was significantly superior to rest of the germplasm. On the basis of seed yield /plant, three germplasm namely BRS23 followed by BRS21 & BRS12 may be selected as superior germplasm because they produced maximum 21.89, 21.06 & 20.79 g seed yield/plant respectively, which was significantly superior to rest of the germplasm. As regards to find out percentage contribution of quantitative traits towards its genetic divergence, maximum genetic divergence was shown by seed yield/plant (51.33 %), inflorescence length (19.33%) & number of flowers /inflorescences (11.67 %). As regards to study trait association pattern with regards to yield to facilitate selection of traits, plant height showed high significant positive correlation with dry root yield/plant (0.594) & significantly positively correlated with root length (0.414). Again maximum direct positive effect on dry root yield/plant was shown by plant height (0.590), followed by number of leaves/plant (0.224) & root length (0.135). So plant height & root length may be selected as suitable traits for improving dry root yield/plant in Sarpgandha. As regards to determine heritability and genetic advance of quantitative traits useful for improvement, maximum heritability was shown by seed yield/plant (97.34%) followed by inflorescence length (88.42%) & number of fruits/inflorescence (83.28%). Maximum genetic advance was shown by seed yield/plant (129.13%) followed by number of fruits/inflorescences (75.59%).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Propagation studies in Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz and Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. stem cuttings through PGRs
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) KUMARI, JYOTI; Kumar, Jai
    Keeping the importance of vegetative propagation in ensuring mass multiplication of seedlings particularly of those species, which are difficult to germinate through seeds and to multiply the seedlings of uniform genetic composition, identical to parental type transmission, a systematic research trial was conducted to know the effect of PGRs on growth, rooting and survival of stem cuttings of Sarpgandha and Gudmar at AICRP (M&APs) farm, BAU, Ranchi with the following objectives (a) To standardize the dozes of PGRs needed to obtain seedlings from stem cuttings of Rauvolfia serpentina and Gymnema sylvestre (b) To study the effect of different PGRs on rooting and shooting behavior of Rauvolfia serpentina and Gymnema sylvestre stem cuttings (c) To study the effect of PGRs on the survival of Rauvolfia serpentina and Gymnema sylvestre stem cuttings. Research was laid out in Factorial Completely Randomized Design with 13 treatments replicated thrice. Parameters studied were rooting percentage, number of roots/cutting (primary & secondary), length of the root (primary & secondary), sprouting percentage, number of sprouts/cutting, length of shoot, number of leaves/cutting, number of days taken for initiation of shoot emergence, number of days taken for completion of shoot emergence, basal diameter of shoot, area of leaves and survival percentage of cuttings. After two and half months from transplanting the cuttings into polythene tubes, data was collected for different root and shoot parameters and statistically analyzed to draw meaning inferences. Minimum number of days taken for initiation of shoot emergence in Sarpgandha was observed in 1000 ppm IAA and 1000 ppm NAA (2.33 days), while in case of Gudmar, it was 3.00 days in 7 PGRs treatments. Maximum number of days taken for completion of shoot emergence in Sarpgandha was observed in 250 ppm IBA (20.33 days), while in case of Gudmar, it was 16.00 days in 250 ppm IAA. Maximum rooting percentage (83.33 and 45.00%) was observed in Sarpgandha and Gudmar respectively under the treatment 750 ppm NAA and 750 ppm IBA. Maximum sprouting percentage of Sarpgandha was observed in 750 ppm NAA (86.67%), while in case of Gudmar, it was 61.67% in 750 ppm IBA, which was at par with 500 ppm IBA, 1000 ppm IBA and 750 ppm NAA. Maximum number of primary roots (3.20) in Sarpgandha cuttings was observed in 750 ppm IAA and in case of Gudmar; it was 3.43 in 750 ppm IAA, at par with 750 ppm IBA and 750 ppm NAA. Maximum number of secondary roots (119.73) in Sarpgandha cuttings was observed in 750 ppm IBA, and in case of Gudmar, it was 76.40 in 750 ppm IAA. Maximum length of primary roots (4.69 cm) in Sarpgandha cuttings was observed in 750 ppm IAA, which was at par with 750 ppm IBA and 750 ppm NAA and in case of Gudmar, it was 10.31 cm in 750 ppm IBA, which was at par with 1000 ppm IBA. Maximum length of secondary roots (1.75 cm) in Sarpgandha cuttings was observed in 750 ppm NAA, and in case of Gudmar, it was 2.23 cm in 750 ppm IBA. Maximum number of sprouts (2.29) in Sarpgandha cuttings was observed in 750 ppm IBA, and in case of Gudmar, it was 2.35 in 750 ppm IBA. Maximum length of shoots (4.60 cm) in Sarpgandha cuttings was observed both in 500 ppm IAA and 750 ppm IAA, and in case of Gudmar, it was3.05 cm in 750 ppm IBA. Maximum number of leaves (12.45) in Sarpgandha cuttings was observed in 750 ppm IBA, and in case of Gudmar, it was 17.52 in 750 ppm NAA. Maximum basal diameter of shoots (2.59 mm) in Sarpgandha cuttings was observed in 750 ppm NAA, which was at par with 9 PGR treatments and in case of Gudmar, it was 1.97 mm in 1000 ppm IBA. Maximum area of leaves (13.50cm2) in Sarpgandha cuttings was observed in 750 ppm NAA, which was at par with 6 PGR treatments and in case of Gudmar, it was 4.82 cm2in 750 ppm IBA, which was at par with 9 treatments. Maximum survival percentage (70.00%) in Sarpgandha cuttings was observed in 500 ppm NAA, which was at par 250 ppm NAA (65.00%) and 750 ppm NAA (66.67%) and in case of Gudmar, it was 45.00% in 750 ppm NAA, which was at par with 4 treatments. Sprouting trend in Sarpgandha cuttings indicates that maximum sprouting was occurred between 17-19 days. Average sprouting percentage under PGR treatment varied from 70-80%. Sprouting trend in Gymnema sylvestre cuttings indicates that maximum sprouting was occurred between 19-20 days. Average sprouting percentage under PGR treatment varied from 40-45%. Correlation matrix among traits of stem cuttings of Sarpgandha indicated that survival percentage is highly significantly positively correlated with 11 traits and among them maximum value is shown by sprouting percentage (0.962). In case of Gudmar, survival percentage is highly significantly positively correlated with 8 traits and among them maximum value is shown by number of leaves/cutting (0.949). Path analysis of traits affecting survival percentage of Sarpgandha cuttings indicated that six traits had direct positive effect, out of which maximum direct positive effect was shown by number of primary roots/cutting (2.120) and maximum direct negative effect (-1.878) was shown by number of secondary roots/cutting. Path analysis of traits affecting survival percentage of Gudmar cuttings indicated that nine traits had direct positive effect, out of which maximum direct positive effect was shown by number of leaves/cutting (0.810) and maximum direct negative effect (-0.942) was shown by length of secondary roots. Most of the traits having highly significant positive relation with survival percentage of Sarpgandha cuttings in 750 ppm NAA, while in case of Gudmar, it is with 750 ppm IBA. So, 750 ppm NAA and 750 ppm IBA is the standardized doze of PGR to obtain maximum seedlings from stem cuttings of Rauvolfia serpentina and Gymnema sylvestre respectively. Maximum rooting (83.33%) and sprouting percentage (86.67%) of Sarpgandha cuttings was observed under 750 ppm NAA treatment, while maximum rooting (45.00%) and sprouting percentage (61.67%) of Gudmar cuttings was observed under 750 ppm IBA treatment. 750 ppm NAA treatment is best for Sarpgandha as well as Gudmar cuttings for its maximum survival. It could be concluded that to obtain uniform, healthy and vigorous seedlings of Rauvolfia serpentina, stem cuttings of length 15 cm, thickness 6-7 mm, having 4-5 bud should be dipped up to 5 cm in 750 ppm NAA for two minutes and transplanted in rooting medium. In case of Gymnema sylvestre, stem cuttings of length 15 cm, thickness 4-5 mm, having 4-5 bud should be dipped up to 5 cm in 750 ppm IBA for two minutes and transplanted in rooting medium.