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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Subject: Entomology × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2023 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    OCCURRENCE OF INSECT PESTS AND THEIR NON-CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT ON FIELD PEA (Pisum sativum var. arvense L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Gautam Pandit; P. K. Singh
    The present investigation entitled “Occurence of insect pests and their non- chemical management on field pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense L.).” was conducted in the Pulse Research plots BAU, Kanke, Ranchi during Rabi, 2021-22. The sucking insect pests Aphid (Acyrthosyphon pisum), defoliators Pea pod borer, (Etiella zinckenella), pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) were reported as major insect pests on field pea crop. The peak population of aphid (30.60 aphids / top 5 cm twig), pea pod borer, Etiella zinckenella (9.40 larvae / plant), pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (9.00 larvae / plant), and pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola (6.23 %, leaf mines) were seen during 3rd SMW, 8th SMW, 9th SMW and 6th SMW, respectively. During the study period natural enemies viz. spiders and lady bird beetle (Cheilomenes sexmaculata and Coccinella transversalis) were also observed. The correlation between aphid, Acyrthosyphon pisum and weather parameters during Rabi, 2021-22 results indicated that the population demonstrated a significant negative association with maximum temperature (r = -0.477) and sunshine hours (r = - 0.468). The highest percent of pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola appeared during second week of February (6th SMW) with a mean population of 6.23 per cent. The correlation between the pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola population and weather parameters demonstrated a significant and negative correlation with maximum temperature (r = -0.456) and significant and positive correlation with wind speed (km/hr) (r = 0.578). During Rabi, 2021-22, four insect pest species viz., aphids, per cent leaf miner damage due to Chromatomyia horticola, per cent pod borer damage due to Etiella zinckenella and Helicoverpa armigera were screened on seventy two genotypes with two local check genotypes of field pea. Out of seventy four varieties it was seen that, based on overall mean per cent pod damage, three genotypes i.e. IPF 21-21, IPFD 14-2 and Pant P 523 shows resistant reaction. Thirty three genotypes i.e. Adarsh (IPF 99-25), Aman (IPF 5-19), HFP 8909, HFP 1709, HFP 1809, HFP 529, HFP 715, HFP 9426, HFP 9907B, HUDP 1802, IPF 21-14, IPF 21-20, IPFD 10-12, IPFD 1-10, IPFD 11-5, IPFD 12-2, IPFD 18-3, IPFD 19-1, IPFD 19-3, IPFD 20-9, IPFD 21-10, IPFD 21-4, IPFD 21-5, KPMR 954, Pant P 480, Pant P 484, Pant P 497, Pant P 501, Pant P 516, RFP 2010-21, RFPG 181, SKAU- P-17 and TRCP 8 fall under moderately resistant. Twenty genotypes i.e. HFP 1426, HFP 1811, HFP 1817, HUDP 15, HUTP 1705, IPF 21-17, IPFD 20-2, IPFD 20-3, IPFD 20-8 , IPFD 21-2, Pant P 243, Pant P 462, Pant P 498, Pant P 514, Pant P 517, RFP 2010-4, VL-42, TRCP 9, IPF 20-17 and TRCP 9 comes under susceptible category against pod borer and rest of the 18 genotypes i.e. HFP 1428, IPF 20-21, IPF 21-13, IPF 21-16, IPFD 21-7, IPFD 16-13, IPFD 21-6, KPMR 907, Pant P 250, Pant P 42 (Ch), Pant P 455, Pant P 479, Pant P 508, Pant P 509, Pant P 74, RFP 2011-1, Aman (LC) and Dantiwara (LC) comes under highly susceptible category. BIPM module such as neem cake @125kg/ha, Intercrop : pea + mustard (6:2), Monitoring with yellow sticky trap (YST) @ 50 per ha, Foliar spray of Azdirachtin 1000 ppm @ 1.5 ml/litre water, Monitoring with pheromone trap @10 per hectare and apply first spray of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki @ 2g/l on appearance of Helicoverpa in pheromone traps followed by second spray of HaNPV (2x109 POBs/ml)@ 250 LE/ha were evaluated for their efficacy against aphid, pod borer larvae, per cent pod damage as well as per cent leaf miner damage in field conditions. The data revealed that adoption of BIPM module resulted in reducing the population of aphids, pod borer, per cent pod damage due to pod borers and per cent leaf miner damages. Thus, it is evident that among all the treatments BIPM module was found as the most effective module in suppressing the pest population and their damage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF SPOTTED POD BORER (Maruca sp.) ON EARLY DURATION VARIETY OF PIGEONPEA AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Akash Gaurav; Binay Kumar
    Pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan, (L.) Millsp, is a shrub legume that is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It is infested by large no. of insect pest limiting the realization of potential yield. Spotted Pod borer, Maruca vitrata, particularly inflicts severe damage on early duration varieties, thereby posing a serious threat to the attainment of the full potential yield of the crop. The present study, "Seasonal Abundance of Spotted Pod Borer (Maruca sp.) on Early Duration Variety of Pigeonpea and their Management" was carried out at the Agriculture Research Farm, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, during kharif, 2022, to observe the seasonal incidence and population dynamics of Maruca vitrata in relation to important weather parameters, and to evaluate the efficacy of biopesticides for its management in pigeonpea. The study documented the presence of a total of 16 insect species, comprising of 14 insect pests and two natural enemies. The seasonal occurrence of Maruca vitrata persisted from August to November 2022. The population exhibited a significant increase following the onset of 50 per cent flowering and attained its peak in the 40th SMW after which it declined. Two natural enemies, the Ladybird beetle and Spider, were observed during the crop period. In the correlation analysis of weather parameters with the population dynamics of Maruca vitrata, it was found that maximum and minimum temperature, along with mean temperature, had a positive correlation with larval population and webs, as did the minimum relative humidity (RH at 2 pm). However, bright sunshine hours and calculated humid thermal index had a significantly negative correlation with larval population and webs. The efficacy of different biopesticides and a standard insecticidal treatment for the management of Maruca vitrata was studied in a field experiment. The standard treatment (T7) consisting of Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC, Dimethoate 30EC, and Flubendiamide 480SC, sprayed in sequence showed the highest efficacy, resulting in a significant reduction in the larval population (92.19 per cent) and web count (93.42 per cent), and lower flower parasitisation along with pod and grain damage compared to other treatments. Treatment T1 - Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki was found to be the most effective biopesticide, resulting in a significant reduction in larval population (78.34 per cent) and web counts (81.85 per cent), lower flower infestation, pod, and grain damage compared to other biopesticides. The cost-benefit analysis revealed that the standard insecticidal treatment (T7) resulted in the highest net profit as well highest B:C ratio, followed by treatment T1(Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Population Dynamics and Strategic Management of Sweet Potato Weevil (Cylas formicarius Fab.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Sneha Bharti; M.K. Chakravarty
    Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most common staple food crop of Jharkhand. Sweet potato is attacked by wide range of pests right from germination to harvest, among them the sweet potato weevil is the most damaging pest. The current study entitled on “Population Dynamics and Strategic Management of Sweet Potato Weevil (Cylas formicarius Fab.)” was carried out at the Vegetable Experiment Unit, Department of Horticulture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, during Rabi, 2021-22, to understand population dynamics of sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius) in relation to abiotic and biotic factors, screening of different varieties of sweet potato and Bio-efficacy of insecticides and bio-pesticides against sweet potato weevil. Based on the findings, C. formicarius was trapped in pheromone traps after 10 days of crop transplanting and then gradually increased and reached its peak population in the 12th SMW, 2022. The correlation analysis revealed that the weevil population had significant negative correlation with rainfall (mm) (-0.492*) and significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (°C) (0.441*) and Sunshine hour (0.624**) whereas the populations of sweet potato weevil had non-significant correlation with minimum temperature (0.184) and relative humidity at 7 AM (-0.288) and relative humidity at 2 PM (0.275). Among the 13 varieties used for screening, Bhu Sona yielded the highest and the variety Cross-4 was the lowest yielder. Vine and tuber infestation was also maximum in Cross-4 and minimum in Bhu Sona. The efficacy of different treatment combination against C. formicarius revealed that the combination of vine treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1ml/l water and followed spraying of neem oil @ 5% was recorded the most effective whereas only vine treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1ml/l water was recorded to be the least effective. Highest yield was recorded in combination of vine treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1ml/l water followed by spraying of neem oil @ 5%, and highest cost benefit ratio (1:11.55) was recorded in the vine treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1ml/l water + Spraying with Azadirachtin @ 10,000 ppm. From the study conducted we can say that the farmers can use the combination of vine treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1ml/l water followed by spraying of neem oil @ 5% because of its high efficiency in controlling C. formicarius as well as leaving no residue in the soil. The variety Bhu Sona can be grown by the farmers as the weevil infestation recorded is the least which results in maximum production.