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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access LONG TERM EFFECT OF INM ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND SOIL ORGANIC CARBON STORAGE UNDER MAIZE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Jaya Bharti; R.P. ManjhiMaize (Zea mays L.) - Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the third most important cropping system in India and is practiced on 1.8 million ha. It is also prevalent cropping system adopted in uplands of Jharkhand. Most of the farmers use only urea (N fertilizers) for crop cultivation and this fertilizer use pattern results in multiple nutrient deficiencies as well as promotes soil bankruptcy. Therefore, it is needed to maintain long term soil health and crop productivity in intensive cropping system through integrated use of nutrient sources. The present investigation was carried out during two consecutive years of 2020-21 and 2021-22 under the ongoing permanent manurial trial with the different nutrient management practices (inorganic & integrated nutrient management) under maize-wheat cropping system since 1983-84 at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Kanke, Ranchi with the major objectives to study the sustainable crop productivity, energetic, economics, nutrient utilization, soil organic carbon storage of the maize-wheat cropping system. Experiment was laid out in RBD with 12 treatments replicated thrice. RDF for both component crop was @ 100:50:25 N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha. Crop varieties of maize (kharif) and wheat (rabi) were Suwan Composite 1 and K9107, respectively. Treatment details in maize-wheat cropping system were T1 : N0P0K0 - N0P0K0; T2 : 50% RDF -50% RDF; T3 : 50 % RDF -100% RDF; T4 : 75% RDF -75% RDF; T5 : 100% RDF -100% RDF; T6 : 50%N through FYM+ 50% RDF -100% RDF; T7 :25%N through FYM+ 75% RDF -75% RDF; T8 : 50%N through cut paddy straw+ 50% RDF -100% RDF; T9 : 25%N through cut paddy straw+ 75% RDF -75% RDF; T10 : 50%N through green Karanj leaves + 50% RDF -100% RDF; T11 : 25%N through green Karanj leaves + 75% RDF -75% RDF and T12 : Farmer’s Practice– urea @ 50kg /ha. Results reflected that INM treatment i.e. 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi produced maximum grain yield (4692 and 4796 kg/ha of maize and wheat, respectively) which were at par with application @ 25%N through FYM along with 75% RDF in kharif - only 75% RDF in rabi (4504 and 4553 kg/ha of maize and wheat, respectively) and 100% RDF use in each season. Yield attributing characters in maize namely, no. of grains/line (31.47), no. of grains/cob (394) and 1000 grain weight (331.24 g) and in wheat namely, effective tillers /m2 (362), no of grains/ear head (46), and 1000 grain weight (40.99 g) were maximum with the application of 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi. In system, maximum maize equivalent yield (9720 kg/ha), net return (₹. 127726.00) and B:C ratio (1.57) was recorded with the application of 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi which was statistically at par with the application of 25%N through FYM along with 75% RDF in kharif and 75% RDF in rabi (9277 kg/ha, ₹. 121887.00) & B:C ratio (1.55). Nutrient removal by the system was 188, 34 and 137 kg/ha for N, P and K and 6052, 1402 and 451 g/ha for Fe, Mn and Zn respectively with the application of 50% N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi. Translocation efficiency for N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn varied between 56-66%, 58-62%, 16- 21%, 12-19%, 37-46%, 40-48% in maize and 43-61%, 49-64%, 20-27%, 9-16%, 25-42%, 30-45% respectively in wheat. Internal utilization efficiency calculated based on grain yield and total nutrient uptake varied between 50 to 63, 257-308, 59-74 for N, P, K and 1.14- 1.63, 5.88-7.27, 19.26-22.42 for Fe, Mn and Zn respectively for maize-wheat cropping system. Application of 1 kg N, P and K will produce 50.88, 276.01 and 69.99 kg grain. Similarly, by application of 1 kg of Fe, Mn and Zn can produce 16q, 70q and 22 q of grain under maize-wheat cropping system. The values of maximum energy output (141331 and 245642 MJ/ha by grain and total biomass), energy-use-efficiency (739 and 1287 by grain and total biomass, respectively) and minimum value of specific energy (201.98 MJ/ton) was recorded with INM use i.e. 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi. Maximum soil organic carbon storage (12.38 Mg/ha) was observed with the application of 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi which was statistically at par with the application of 25%N through FYM along with 75% RDF in kharif - only 75% RDF in rabi (11.69 Mg/ha). Analysis of soil for physical and chemical properties of soil revealed that application of 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi improved soil pH (6.5), organic carbon (6.3 g/kg), available N (276.6 kg/ha), available P (92.8 kg/ha), available K (177.7 kg/ha), DTPA extractable Fe (19.6 ppm), Mn (17.9 ppm) and Zn (3.7 ppm) as compared to initial value of 6.5, 4.1, 255, 32.50, 195, 11.13, 18.65 and 3.85 respectively. Sustainability of maize-wheat cropping system was analyzed after 39th years (1983-2022) in continuous use of inorganic fertilizer and INM practices. INM practice @ 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi produced the highest Sustainable Yield Index (0.50) of the system. Further, data revealed that maximum (maize & wheat) yield was recorded by use of chemical fertilizer @100% RDF (each season) in initial 4 years. Thereafter for 12 years, INM use @ 25%N through FYM+ 75% RDF in kharif and 75% RDF in rabi yielded the maximum. But for the last 23 years (1999-2022), INM use @ 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi continued to produce the maximum (maize & wheat) yield.ThesisItem Open Access TILLAGE AND ORGANIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN FINGER MILLET – FRENCH BEAN CROPPING SYSTEM(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Sulochna; P. AlamThe growing population, consumption, and reduction in available land and other productive units are placing unprecedented pressure on the current agriculture and natural resources to meet the increasing food demand. Providing food for human under sustainable systems having a significant challenge in the developing world and is highly critical for alleviating poverty. To circumvent this challenge, farmers tended to overuse certain inputs such as chemical and practicing agricultural operation which in turn have already started deteriorating soil-plant-microbes environmental system. Nowadays, the most important challenge facing humanity is to conserve/sustain natural resources and also protecting the environment. In this regard, agricultural practices like tillage operations for conserving soil as well as using organic sources that improve soil quality and agricultural sustainability have received much attention by researchers and farmers. Moreover, the productivity of finger millet and french bean is very low in Jharkhand in comparison to national average. So, there is a scope to obtain higher yield levels by growing finger millet- french bean cropping system. Keeping these points in mind, an investigation entitled, “Tillage with organic nutrient management in finger millet-french bean cropping system” has been planned to carry out at Agronomical Research Farm, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand. A field experiment was conducted in split plot design with 4 main plots treatments, viz. CT-CT, CT-ZT, ZT-CT and ZT-ZT and 4 sub plots treatments, viz. 100% N through FYM, 100% N through VC, 50% N through FYM + 50% N through VC and 75% N through FYM + 25% N through VC. RDN for finger millet and french bean are 40 & 140 kg N/ha respectively. Crop varieties grown for finger millet (kharif) was BBM 10 and for french bean (rabi) was Swarna Priya. Results illustrated that growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and economics of finger millet were significantly influenced by different tillage practices and organic nutrient management. In finger millet, conventional tillage recorded maximum plant population/m2 at 15 DAS (32.18), no of tillers/m2 at harvest (121.15), LAI (2.65) at 90 DAS, dry matter accumulation/m2 (865.61 g/m2) at harvest, CGR (9.47 g/m2/day) at 90 DAS-maturity, yield attributes namely; effective tillers/m2 (112.96), number of fingers per ear (6.66), ear weight (6.59 g), 1000 grain weight (3.19 g), number of grains per ear (1085.26), grain yield (23.90 q/ha) and straw yield (38.85 q/ha), harvest index (37.92%), gross return (71263.26 ₹/ha), net return (33588.56 ₹/ha) production efficiency (19.20 kg/ha/day) and monetary efficiency (269.84 ₹/ha/day). While, B:C ratio (0.92) was maximum with zero tillage operation. Among, organic nutrient management 100% N through vermicompost reported highest plant population/m2 at 15 DAS (32.67), no of tillers/m2 at harvest (121.37), LAI (2.67) at 90 DAS, dry matter accumulation/m2 (873.36 g/m2) at harvest and CGR (9.67 g/m2/day) at 90 DAS-maturity, effective tillers/m2 (113.12), number of fingers/ear (6.76), ear weight (6.61 g), 1000 grain weight (3.24 g), number of grains per ear (1094.19), grain yield (24.25 q/ha), straw yield (38.93 q/ha), harvest index (38.32%), gross return (72270.41 ₹/ha), net return (33636.33 ₹/ha) production efficiency (19.48 kg/ha/day) and monetary efficiency (270.23 ₹/ha/day). But, B:C ratio (0.93) was maximum with 75% N through FYM + 25% N through VC. Likewise in case of french bean pod length (11.60 cm), no of pods/plant (10.34), pod fresh wt. (4.91 g), no of seeds/pod (6.84), 100 seed wt. (40.56 g), green pod yield (82.87 q/ha), haulm yield (102.04 q/ha), harvest index 44.71%), gross return (248602.50 ₹/ha), net return (154337.89 ₹/ha), production efficiency (85.44 kg/ha/day) and monetary efficiency (1591.40 ₹/ha/day) were found maximum with conventional tillage. In case of B:C ratio zero tillage reflected the highest value (1.72). The data in respect of organic nutrient management were found highest with 100% N through VC in pod length (11.62 cm), no of pods/plant (10.62), pod fresh wt. (5.00 g), no of seeds/pod (6.88), 100 seed wt. (40.69 g), green pod yield (88.91 q/ha), haulm yield (104.28 q/ha), harvest index 45.99%), gross return (₹/ha 266717.50), net return (₹/ha 163061.82), production efficiency (91.67 kg/ha/day) and monetary efficiency (1681.43 ₹/ha/day). 75% N through FYM + 25% N through VC resulted in higher B:C ratio (1.69). In system analysis of finger millet-french bean cropping system, conventional tillage – conventional tillage performed best with increased system gross return (319865.76 ₹/ha) and system net return (187926.45 ₹/ha). Whereas, B:C (1.45) ratio was maximum with treatment conventional tillage - zero tillage practice. Among different organic nutrient management, 100% N through VC gave highest system gross return (338987.91 ₹/ha) and system net return (196698.16 ₹/ha). However, B:C ratio was maximum (1.48) in 75% N through FYM + 25% N through VC. System production efficiency (104.65 kg/ha/day), system monetary efficiency (1861.24 ₹/ha/day) and system productivity (109.63 q/ha) were maximum in conventional tillage – conventional tillage. Further, 100% N through VC exhibited more system production efficiency (111.15 kg/ha/day), system monetary efficiency (1951.66 ₹/ha/day) and system productivity (116.22 q/ha). ZT-ZT improved the available N (247.05 kg/ha), available P (18.14 kg/ha), available K (197.86 kg/ha), OC (6.38 g/kg) and microbial population viz. bacteria (14.42 x 106 CFU/f soil), fungi (33.34 x 104 CFU/f soil) and actinomycetes (8.44 x 106 CFU/f soil). While, 100% N through FYM attributed the maximum available N (249.39 kg/ha), available P (18.18 kg/ha), available K (198.92 kg/ha), OC (6.41 g/kg) and microbial population namely; bacteria (14.45 x 106 CFU/f soil), fungi (33.44 x 104 CFU/f soil) and actinomycetes (8.46 x 106 CFU/f soil). Soil pH was maximum in conventional tillage – conventional tillage (5.82) as well as in 100% N through VC (5.84) organic source.ThesisItem Open Access Tillage and Residue Management in Rice-Wheat Cropping System for Improving Productivity and Soil Health(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Piyush Kumar Bhargaw; S. KarmakarRice-wheat cropping system provides the staple grain supply for a large portion of the world’s population and is critically important for global food security. In south Asia, this system produces more than 30 % of the rice and 42 % of wheat and covers around 113.5 million hectare of the cultivated land. In the intensive tillage, there is gradual decline in soil organic matter due to oxidation and burning of crop residues causing environmental pollution, in addition to loss of valuable plant nutrients. Conservation agriculture (CA) practices are recognized as a powerful tool to address the issues related to land and environmental degradation. Rice and wheat residues are important natural resource and recycling of these residues improves the productivity of soil. The effect of different tillage and residue management practices on the performance of rice-wheat cropping system was studied at BAU, Ranchi, Jharkhand during two consecutive years, 2019-20 and 2020-21. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications having four different tillage practices in main plotconventional tillage in both the crops (CT-CT), conventional tillage in rice and zero tillage in wheat (CT-ZT), zero tillage in rice and conventional tillage in wheat (ZT-CT) and zero tillage in rice and wheat both the crops (ZT-ZT) whereas, four residue management practices in sub-plot– preceding crop residue at 5 t ha-1 applied in both the crops (R-R) as soil cover, wheat residue at 5 t ha-1 applied in rice crop only (R-NR), rice residue at 5 t ha-1 applied in wheat crop only (NR-R) and no residue in both the crops (NR-NR). The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly acidic in reaction, low in available N and K whereas, medium in P and OC. The variety Sahbhagidhan and HD 2967 with recommended fertilizer doses of N:P2O5:K2O-80:40:20 and 150:60:40 were used during the experimentation in rice and wheat, respectively. Results illustrated that growth parameters, yield attributes, yields, energetics and economics of rice and wheat were significantly influenced by different tillage and residue management practices. In rice, maximum growth, yield and economics were recorded under CT-CT during 2019 and CT-ZT during 2020 but both the treatments remained at par. On the basis of mean of two years, maximum plant height, number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation, CGR, yield attributes viz., number of panicles (204 m-2), number of grains (110 panicle-1), 1000-grain weight (25.53 g), grain yield (4234 kg ha-1), straw yield (6563 kg ha-1), harvest index (39.20 %), uptake of N (88.19 kg ha-1), P (26.08 kg ha-1) and K (83.49 kg ha-1), net energy outputs (97,777 MJ ha-1), net return (Rs. 48,632 ha-1) were recorded under CT-ZT which remained at par with CT-CT. ii Among residue management practices, maximum plant height (111.2 cm), dry matter accumulation (1118.9 g m-2), number of panicles (215 m-2), number of grains (112 panicle-1), 1000-grain weight (25.82 g), grain yield (4428 kg ha-1), straw yield (6754 kg ha-1), harvest index (39.66 %), uptake of N (94.48 kg ha-1), P (27.96 kg ha-1) and K (89.03 kg ha-1), gross energy outputs (1,49,508 MJ ha-1), gross return (Rs. 86,085 ha-1), net return (Rs. 52,840 ha-1) with minimum total weed density (29.74 m-2) and weed dry matter (9.39 g m-2) were recorded under residues applied in both the crops. While, maximum net energy outputs (1,24,603 MJ ha-1), energy use efficiency (12.19 %), energy productivity (0.380 kg MJ-1) and lower specific energy (2.65 MJ kg-1) recorded with NR-R. In case of wheat, maximum values with respect to growth, yield and economics were recorded under CT-CT, which was at par with ZT-CT during 2019-20 whereas during 2020-21, CT-CT was at par with ZT-CT and CT-ZT. On the basis of mean of two years, maximum growth and yield parameters, grain yield (4322 kg ha-1), straw yield (4720 kg ha-1), harvest index (47.80 %), uptake of nutrients (N, P and K, gross return (Rs. 87,725 ha-1) and minimum weed dry matter (13.67 g m-2) at 60 DAS and specific energy (10.86 MJ kg-1) were recorded under CT-CT whereas, maximum energy use efficiency (3.874%), net return (Rs. 51,047 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.51) were recorded with CT-ZT. Among residue management practices, maximum plant height (108.2 cm), dry matter accumulation (1038.0 g m-2), yield attributes viz., number of spikes (312 m-2), number of grains (45 spike-1), 1000-grain weight (45.79 g), grain yield (4500 kg ha-1), straw yield (4887 kg ha-1), harvest index (47.94 %), N (98.95 kg ha-1), P (28.57 kg ha-1) and K (68.53 kg ha-1) uptake by crop, gross energy outputs (1,44,582 MJ ha-1), gross return (Rs. 91,320 ha-1) and net return (Rs. 52,988 ha-1), lower total weed density (92.96 m-2) and weed dry matter (9.02 g m-2) at 60 DAS were recorded under R-R which was at par with NR-R. While, net energy outputs (1,18,431 MJ ha-1), specific energy (3.99 MJ kg-1), energy use efficiency (7.135 %) and B:C ratio (1.48) were maximum with R-NR. In rice-wheat cropping system, maximum system productivity in terms of rice equivalent yield (REY) was recorded under CT-CT during 2019-20 and CT-ZT during 2020 but both the treatments remained at par. On the basis of mean of two years, maximum REY (8784 kg ha-1), nutrient uptake of the system (N 181.5, P 53.0 and K 148.0 kg ha-1), net energy output (1,88,425 MJ ha-1), energy use efficiency (3.272 %), having lowest specific energy (10.774 MJ kg-1) were recorded under CT-CT, which was at par with CT-ZT. Marginal increase in net return, B: C ratio, energy use efficiency and iii energy productivity was noted under CT-ZT over CT-CT. Among the residue management practices, R-R gave highest system productivity (9185 kg ha-1), NPK uptake by the system (N 193.4, P 56.5 and K 157.6 kg ha-1), gross return (Rs. 1,77,405 ha-1), net return (Rs. 1,05,828 ha-1) and gross energy output (2,94,089 MJ ha-1). However, higher net energy outputs (2,24,479 MJ ha-1), energy use efficiency (8.37 %) and energy productivity (0.278 kg MJ-1) obtained under NR-NR. With regards to soil health status, tillage management practices had no significant effect on soil parameters except fungal population as well as available P and K, which were significantly higher in ZT-ZT compared to CT-CT. An improving trend with respect to physico-chemical and biological properties of soil was noted in CT-ZT compared to CT-CT. Maximum improvement in chemical properties of soil namely, available N (230.2 kg ha-1), available P (16.2 kg ha-1), available K (149.8 kg ha-1), organic carbon (5.22 g kg-1); microbial population viz. bacteria (80.9 cfu × 105 g-1 soil), fungi (13.2 cfu × 105 g-1 soil) and actinomycetes (12.3 cfu × 105 g-1 soil) were observed under ZT-ZT. In case of residue application in both the crops attributed maximum available N (233.7 kg ha-1), P (16.3 kg ha-1), K (152.1 kg ha-1), organic carbon (5.25 g kg-1) and microbial population; bacteria (85.2 cfu × 105 g-1 soil), fungi (14.2 cfu × 105 g-1 soil) and actinomycetes (12.5 cfu × 105 g-1 soil). Based on the above results, it may be concluded that conventional tillage in rice and zero tillage in wheat (CT-ZT) would be more beneficial with respect to growth, productivity, profitability and soil health in rice-wheat system over conventional tillage in both the crops (CT-CT). While under residue management practices, use of preceding crop residue at 5 t ha-1 as soil cover in both rice and wheat crops (R-R) would be helpful for availing quality produce and improving the soil quality parameters.ThesisItem Open Access PLANT DENSITY AND ORGANIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L.) AND ITS RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUCCEEDING GREEN PEA (Pisum sativum)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2021) Kujur, Amarjeet; Yadava, M.S.Finger millet, commonly known as Ragi, is grown extensively in various regions of India. It is used as staple food that supplies a major portion of calories and protein for people of low income group. It performs poor yield in uplands which are less fertile and also it suffers because of poor plant stand in direct sowing conditions. In recent decades, emphasis has been shifted from single crop in one season only to more than one crops in sequence because response of succeeding crop is influenced by the nutrient application to preceding crop as carry over benefit. Deleterious effect of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has led to adopt organic crop production as an alternative method which also maintains soil health and improves overall ecological balance of the production system. Thus, adopting combination of proper plant population and organic nutrient management can lead in better grain production. Information on seed rate in finger millet under organic nutrient management and its residual effect on second crop in sequence is very meager. Keeping above points in mind, an investigation entitled “Plant density and organic nutrient management of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) and its residual effect on succeeding green pea (Pisum sativum L.)” was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke during Kharif and Rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19. The soil was sandy loam in texture, acidic with pH 5.8, low in available N (250 kg/ha), medium in P (17.9 kg/ha), medium in K (105.1 kg/ha), low in organic carbon (0.37%), initial population (CFU/ g of soil) of bacteria 13.2 * 106, fungi 22 * 104 and Actinomycetes 6 * 106. Recommended seed rate was @ 8 kg/ha in finger millet and 100 kg/ha in green pea. In both the years, a general application of lime @ 4 q/ha was used in kharif season. Recommended dose of nutrients in finger millet was @ 40:30:20 and in green pea @ 40:80:40 NPK kg/ha, respectively. Field experiment was carried out with two factors: A- seed rate 100%; 125% and 150% and Factor B- Nitrogen- control; 100% N through FYM; 100% N through vermicompost; 75% N through FYM + 25% N through vermicompost; 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost and 25% N through FYM + 75% N through vermicompost. In Kharif season, finger millet (var. BBM-10) was cultivated with spacing of 30 * 10 cm and there after in Rabi, green pea (var. PM-113) was grown with spacing 30 * 10 cm. A common dose of 50% N through vermicompost was applied uniformly in green pea to express residual fertility of each treatment applied during Kharif season. The experiment was carried out with total 18 treatment combinations in RBD with three replications. Results revealed that growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and economics of finger millet were significantly influenced by different treatments of seed rate and organic nutrient management. In finger millet, plant height (72.6 cm) at 90 DAS, LAI (2.69) at 90 DAS and dry matter accumulation per m2 (884.7 g) at harvest were maximum with plant density and organic nutrient combination @ 125% seed rate with 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost. Yield attributes namely, effective tillers per m2 (61.11), number of fingers per ear (6.61), ear weight (7.12 g), 1000 grain weight (3.46 g), number of grains per ear (2587), grain yield (25.1 q/ha) and straw yield (44.9 q/ha) of finger millet were recorded maximum. Also, total N, P & K uptake of finger millet was maximum as N (36.57 kg/ha), P (16.49 kg/ha) and K (61.52 kg/ha) and quality parameters namely, Iron (4.89 mg/100g of grain) and Calcium (351.6 mg/100g of grain) but being at par with 125% seed rate + 25% N through FYM + 75% N through vermicompost. Succeeding green pea produced maximum green pod yield (94.4 q/ha), green fodder yield (60.52 q/ha) and yield attributing characters namely, pods per plant (32.57), seeds per pod (7.81), pod fresh weight (10.01 g), pod length (9 cm) and weight of 100 dry seed (21.0 g) in residual fertility plot of Kharif treatment combination @ 125% seed rate with 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost. In system analysis of finger millet – green pea, treatment combination @ 125% seed rate with 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost applied in kharif finger millet recorded highest finger millet equivalent yield of green pod (73.1 q/ha), finger millet equivalent yield of cropping system (98.2 q/ha), system gross return (Rs. 1,22,755), system net return (Rs. 63,343) and net return system B:C ratio (1.07) being at par with treatment combination @ 125% seed rate with 25 % N through FYM + 75 % N through vermicompost. Available nutrient in the soil i.e., nitrogen (261.3 kg/ha), phosphorous (19 kg/ha) and potassium (120.5 kg/ha) were recorded after harvest of both the crops. pH and organic carbon were recorded as 6.2 and 0.42%. Biological properties of soil was also enhanced by increase in population of bacteria up to (16.1 x 106), fungi (36.3 x 104) and Actinomycetes (9.6 x 106) CFU/g of soil being at par with treatment combination @ 125% seed rate with 25 % N through FYM + 75 % N through vermicompost. On the basis of above results, it maybe concluded that plant density @ 125% seed rate (10 kg/ha) in finger millet in direct sowing along with organic nutrient application @ 50% N through FYM (10 t/ha) + 50% N through vermicompost (2 t/ha) or second option @ 25 % N through FYM (1 t/ha) + 75% N through vermicompost (3 t/ha) in kharif and then green pea in rabi with 50% N through vermicompost (2 t/ha) should be practiced for higher profitability and productivity under finger millet – green pea organic cropping sequence in upland condition.
